AIW Lab Report
AIW Lab Report
1. Start by stripping off about 2 inches of the plastic jacket off the end of the cable. Be very
careful at this point, as to not nick or cut into the wires, which are inside. Doing so could alter
the characteristics of your cable, or even worse render is useless. Check the wires, one more time
for nicks or cuts. If there are any, just whack the whole end off, and start over.
2. Spread the wires apart, but be sure to hold onto the base of the jacket with your other hand.
You do not want the wires to become untwisted down inside the jacket. Category 5 cable must
only have 1/2 of an inch of 'untwisted' wire at the end; otherwise it will be 'out of spec'. At this
point, you obviously have ALOT more than 1/2 of an inch of un-twisted wire.
3. You have 2 end jacks, which must be installed on your cable. If you are using a pre-made
cable, with one of the ends whacked off, you only have one end to install - the crossed over end.
Below are two diagrams, which show how you need to arrange the cables for each type of cable
end. Decide at this point which end you are making and examine the associated picture below.
2. Hub: An Ethernet hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, hub or concentrator
is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices together and
making them act as a single network segment. Hubs work at the physical layer (layer 1) of the
OSI model. The device is a form of multiport repeater. Repeater hubs also participate in collision
detection, forwarding a jam signal to all ports if it detects a collision.
4. Bridge: A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (Layer
2) of the OSI model. In Ethernet networks, the term bridge formally means a device that behaves
according to the IEEE 802.1D standard. A bridge and switch are very much alike; a switch being
a bridge with numerous ports. Switch or Layer 2 switch is often used interchangeably with
bridge .Bridges can analyze incoming data packets to determine if the bridge is able to send the
given packet to another segment of the network.
5. Router: A router is an electronic device that interconnects two or more computer networks,
and selectively interchanges packets of data between them. Each data packet contains address
information that a router can use to determine if the source and destination are on the same
network, or if the data packet must be transferred from one network to another. Where multiple
routers are used in a large collection of interconnected networks, the routers exchange
information about target system addresses, so that each router can build up a table showing the
preferred paths between any two systems on the interconnected networks.
6. Gate Way: In a communications network, a network node equipped for interfacing with
another network that uses different protocols.
• A gateway may contain devices such as protocol translators, impedance matching
devices, rate converters, fault isolators, or signal translators as necessary to provide
system interoperability. It also requires the establishment of mutually acceptable
administrative procedures between both networks.
• A protocol translation/mapping gateway interconnects networks with different network
protocol technologies by performing the required protocol conversions.
Experiment - 3
Aim: Study of network IP
• Classification of IP address
• Sub netting
• Super netting
Apparatus (Software): NA
As show in figure we teach how the ip addresses are classified and when they are used.
• Sub netting
Why we Develop sub netting and How to calculate subnet mask and how to identify subnet address.
• Super netting
Why we develop super netting and How to calculate supernet mask and how to identify supernet
address.
Experiment-4
Aim: Connect the computers in Local Area Network.
On the host computer, follow these steps to share the Internet connection:
1. Log on to the host computer as Administrator or as Owner.
2. Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
3. Click Network and Internet Connections.
4. Click Network Connections.
5. Right-click the connection that you use to connect to the Internet. For example, if you
connect to the Internet by using a modem, right-click the connection that you want under Dial-up
/ other network available.
6. Click Properties.
7. Click the Advanced tab.
8. Under Internet Connection Sharing, select the Allow other network users to connect
through this computer's Internet connection check box.
9. If you are sharing a dial-up Internet connection, select the Establish a dial-up connection
whenever a computer on my network attempts to access the Internet check box if you
want to permit your computer to automatically connect to the Internet.
When Internet Connection Sharing is enabled, your LAN adapter will be set to use IP address
192.168.0. 1. Your computer may lose connectivity with other computers on your network. If
these other computers have static IP addresses, it is a good idea to set them to obtain their IP
addresses automatically. Are you sure you want to enable Internet Connection Sharing?
The network adapter that is connected to the LAN is configured with a static IP address of
192.168.0. 1 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0
To connect to the Internet by using the shared connection, you must confirm the LAN adapter IP
configuration, and then configure the client computer. To confirm the LAN adapter IP
configuration, follow these steps:
7. In the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box, click Obtain an IP address
automatically (if it is not already selected), and then click OK.
Note: You can also assign a unique static IP address in the range of 192.168.0.2 to
254. For example, you can assign the following static IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway:
8. IP Address 192.168.31.202
9. Subnet mask 255.255.255.0
10. Default gateway 192.168.31.1
11. In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box, click OK.
All commands related to Network configuration which includes how to switch to privilege mode
and normal mode and how to configure router interface and how to save this configuration to
flash memory or permanent memory.
ping:
ping(8) sends an ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packet to the specified host. If the host responds, you
get an ICMP packet back. Sound strange? Well, you can “ping” an IP address to see if a machine
is alive. If there is no response, you know something is wrong.
Traceroute:
Tracert is a command which can show you the path a packet of information takes from your
computer to one you specify. It will list all the routers it passes through until it reaches its
destination, or fails to and is discarded. In addition to this, it will tell you how long each 'hop'
from router to router takes.
nslookup:
pathping:
A better version of tracert that gives you statics about packet lost and latency.
Getting Help
In any command mode, you can get a list of available commands by entering a question mark (?).
Router>?
To obtain a list of commands that begin with a particular character sequence, type in those
haracters followed immediately by the question mark (?).
Router#co?
configure connect copy
To list keywords or arguments, enter a question mark in place of a keyword or argument.
Include a space before the question mark.
Router#configure ?
memory Configure from NV memory network Configure from a TFTP network host terminal
Configure from the terminal
You can also abbreviate commands and keywords by entering just enough characters to make
the command unique from other commands. For example, you can abbreviate the show
command to sh.
Configuration Files
Any time you make changes to the router configuration, you must save the changes to memory
because if you do not they will be lost if there is a system reload or power outage. There are two
types of configuration files: the running (current operating) configuration and the startup
configuration.
Use the following privileged mode commands to work with configuration files.
Experiment-6
Objectives
Perform an initial configuration of a Cisco Catalyst 2960 switch.
Background / Preparation
In this activity, you will configure these settings on the customer Cisco Catalyst 2960 switch:
Host name
Console password
vty password
Privileged EXEC mode password
Privileged EXEC mode secret
IP address on VLAN1 interface
Default gateway
Note: Not all commands are graded by Packet Tracer.
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#hostname CustomerSwitch
b. From line configuration mode, set the password to cisco and require the password to be entered at
login.
CustomerSwitch(config-line)#password cisco
CustomerSwitch(config-line)#login
CustomerSwitch(config-line)#exit
CustomerSwitch(config)#line vty 0 15
b. From line configuration mode, set the password to cisco and require the password to be entered at
login.
CustomerSwitch(config-line)#password cisco
CustomerSwitch(config-line)#login
CustomerSwitch(config-line)#exit
CustomerSwitch(config)#interface vlan 1
CustomerSwitch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.5 255.255.255.0
CustomerSwitch(config-if)#no shutdown
CustomerSwitch(config-if)#exit
CustomerSwitch(config)#end
CustomerSwitch#ping 209.165.201.10
CustomerSwitch#
Experiment-7
Objectives
Configure the router host name.
Configure passwords.
Configure banner messages.
Verify the router configuration.
Background / Preparation
In this activity, you will use the Cisco IOS CLI to apply an initial configuration to a router, including host
name, passwords, a message-of-the-day (MOTD) banner, and other basic settings.
Note: Some of the steps are not graded by Packet Tracer.
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname CustomerRouter
CustomerRouter(config)#line console 0
Set the password to cisco123, require that the password be entered at login, and then exit line configuration mode.
CustomerRouter(config-line)#password cisco123
CustomerRouter(config-line)#login
CustomerRouter(config-line)#exit
CustomerRouter(config)#
Step 4: Configure the vty password to allow Telnet access to the router.
a. In global configuration mode, switch to line configuration mode to specify the vty
lines.
CustomerRouter(config)#line vty 0 4
Set the password to cisco123, require that the password be entered at login, exit line configuration mode, and then
exit the configuration session.
CustomerRouter(config-line)#password cisco123
CustomerRouter(config-line)#login
CustomerRouter(config-line)#exit
CustomerRouter(config)#
Step 5: Configure password encryption, a MOTD banner, and turn off domain server lookup.
a. Currently, the line passwords and the enable password are shown in clear text when you show the
running configuration. Verify this now by entering the show running-config command.
To avoid the security risk of someone looking over your shoulder and reading the passwords, encrypt
all clear text passwords.
CustomerRouter(config)#service password-encryption
Use the show running-config command again to verify that the passwords are encrypted.
To provide a warning when someone attempts to log in to the router, configure a MOTD banner.
CustomerRouter>emable
Translating "emable"...domain server (255.255.255.255)
To prevent this from happening, use the following command to stop all DNS lookups from the router
CLI.
CustomerRouter(config)#no ip domain-lookup
CustomerRouter(config)#end
CustomerRouter#copy run start
Objectives
Establish console connection to the switch.
Configure the host name and VLAN1.
Use the help feature to configure the clock.
Configure passwords and console/Telnet access.
Configure login banners.
Configure the router.
Solve duplex and speed mismatch problems.
Configure port security.
Secure unused ports.
Manage the switch configuration file.
Background / Preparation
In this Packet Tracer Skills Integration Challenge activity, you will configure basic switch management,
including general maintenance commands, passwords, and port security. This activity provides you an
opportunity to review previously acquired skills.
Addressing Table
Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask
R1 Fa0/0 172.17.99.1 255.255.255.0
S1 Fa0/1 172.17.99.11 255.255.255.0
PC1 NIC 172.17.99.21 255.255.255.0
PC2 NIC 172.17.99.22 255.255.255.0
Server NIC 172.17.99.31 255.255.255.0
i. S1(config)#interface vlan 1
ii. S1(config-if)#ip address 172.17.99.11 255.255.255.0
iii. S1(config-if)#no shutdown
d. Configure the default gateway for S1 and then test connectivity. S1 should be able to ping R1.
e. Check results.
Your completion percentage should be 31%. If not, click Check Results to see which required components are
not yet completed. Also, make sure that interface VLAN 1 is active.
S1#
c. Force S1 to learn the MAC address for PC1. Send a ping from PC1 to S1. Then verify that S1 added
the MAC address for PC1 to the running configuration.
!
interface FastEthernet0/18
<output omitted>
switchport port-security mac-address sticky 0060.3EE6.1659
<output omitted>
!
d. Test port security. Remove the FastEthernet connection between S1 and PC1. Connect PC2 to Fa0/18.
Wait for the link lights to turn green. If necessary, send a ping from PC2 to S1 to cause the port to shut
down. Port security should show the following results: (the Last Source Address may be different)
e. Viewing the Fa0/18 interface shows that line protocol is down (err-disabled), which also indicates a
security violation.
f. Reconnect PC1 and re-enable the port. To re-enable the port, disconnect PC2 from Fa0/18 and
reconnect PC1. Interface Fa0/18 must be manually reenabled with the no shutdown command before
returning to the active state.
g. Check results.
Your completion percentage should be 77%. If not, click Check Results to see which required components are
not yet completed.
Connecting a Switch
Topology Diagram
Objectives
Connect a switch to the network.
Verify the configuration on the switch.
Background / Preparation
In this activity, you will verify the configuration on the customer Cisco Catalyst 2960 switch. The switch is
already configured with all the basic necessary information for connecting to the LAN at the customer site. The
switch is currently not connected to the network. You will connect the switch to the customer workstation, the
customer server, and customer router. You will verify that the switch has been connected and configured
successfully by pinging the LAN interface of the customer router.
Objectives
Configure WEP security between a workstation and a Linksys wireless router.
Background / Preparation
You have been asked to go back to a business customer and install a new Linksys wireless router for the
customer office. The company has some new personnel who will be using wireless computers to save money on
adding additional wired connections to the building. The business is concerned about the security of the
network because they have financial and highly classified data being transmitted over the network. Your job is
to configure the security on the router to protect the data.
In this activity, you will configure WEP security on both a Linksys wireless router and a workstation.
Objectives
Distinguish the difference between successful and unsuccessful ping attempts.
Distinguish the difference between successful and unsuccessful traceroute attempts.
Background / Preparation
In this activity, you will test end-to-end connectivity using ping and traceroute. At the end of this activity, you
will be able to distinguish the difference between successful and unsuccessful ping and traceroute attempts.
Note: Before beginning this activity, make sure that the network is converged. To converge the network
quickly, switch between Simulation mode and Realtime mode until all the link lights turn green.
Step 1: Test connectivity using ping from a host computer and a router.
Click N-Host, click the Desktop tab, and then click Command Prompt. From the Command Prompt window, ping
the Cisco server at www.cisco.com.
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ping www.cisco.com
PC>
From the output, you can see that N-Host was able to obtain an IP address for the Cisco server. The IP address was
obtained using (DNS). Also notice that the first ping failed. This failure is most likely due to lack of ARP
convergence between the source and destination. If you repeat the ping, you will notice that all pings succeed.
From the Command Prompt window on N-Host, ping E-Host at 192.168.4.10. The pings fail. If you do not want to
wait for all four unsuccessful ping attempts, press Ctrl+C to abort the command, as shown below.
PC>ping 192.168.4.10
Control-C
^C
PC>
Click the N-Branch router, and then click the CLI tab. Press Enter to get the router prompt. From the router prompt,
ping the Cisco server at www.cisco.com.
N-Branch>ping www.cisco.com
Translating "www.cisco.com"...domain server (64.100.1.242)
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 64.100.1.185, timeout is 2 seconds:
.!!!!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 210/211/213 ms
N-Branch>
As you can see, the ping output on a router is different from a PC host. Notice that the N-Branch router resolved the
domain name to the same IP address that N-Host used to send its pings. Also notice that the first ping fails, which is
indicated by a period (.), and that the next four pings succeed, as shown with an exclamation point (!).
From the CLI tab on N-Branch, ping E-Host at 192.168.4.10. Again, the pings fail. To not wait for all the failures,
press Ctrl+C.
N-Branch>ping 192.168.4.10
N-Branch>
Step 2: Test connectivity using traceroute from a host computer and a router.
a. Click N-Host, click the Desktop tab, and then click Command Prompt. From the Command Prompt
window, trace the route to the Cisco server at www.cisco.com.
PC>tracert www.cisco.com
1 92 ms 77 ms 86 ms 192.168.1.1
2 91 ms 164 ms 84 ms 64.100.1.101
3 135 ms 168 ms 151 ms 64.100.1.6
4 185 ms 261 ms 161 ms 64.100.1.34
5 257 ms 280 ms 224 ms 64.100.1.62
6 310 ms 375 ms 298 ms 64.100.1.185
Trace complete.
PC>
The above output shows that you can successfully trace a route all the way to the Cisco server at 64.100.1.185. Each
hop in the path is a router responding three times to trace messages from N-Host. The trace continues until the
destination for the trace (64.100.1.185) responds three times.
From the Command Prompt window on N-Host, trace a route to E-Host at 192.168.4.10. The trace fails, but notice
that the tracert command traces up to 30 hops. If you do not want to wait for all 30 attempts to time out, press
Ctrl+C.
PC>tracert 192.168.4.10
1 103 ms 45 ms 91 ms 192.168.1.1
2 56 ms 110 ms 125 ms 64.100.1.101
3 174 ms 195 ms 134 ms 64.100.1.6
4 246 ms 183 ms 179 ms 64.100.1.34
5 217 ms 285 ms 226 ms 64.100.1.62
6 246 ms 276 ms 245 ms 64.100.1.154
7 * * * Request timed out.
8 * * * Request timed out.
9 * * * Request timed out.
10
Control-C
^C
PC>
The tracert command can be helpful in finding the potential source of a problem. The last device to
respond was 64.100.1.154, so you would start troubleshooting by determining which device is
configured with the IP address 64.100.1.154. The source of the problem might not be that device, but
the trace has given you a starting point, whereas a ping simply tells you that the destination is either
reachable or unreachable.
Click the N-Branch router, and then click the CLI tab. Press Enter to get the router prompt. From the router prompt,
trace the route to the Cisco server at www.cisco.com.
N-Branch>traceroute www.cisco.com
Translating "www.cisco.com"...domain server (64.100.1.242)
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 64.100.1.185
As you can see, traceroute output on a router is very similar to the output on a PC host. The only
difference is that on a PC host, the IP address is listed after the three millisecond outputs.
From the CLI tab on N-Branch, trace the route to E-Host at 192.168.4.10. The trace fails at the same IP address as it
failed when tracing from N-Host. Again, you can use Ctrl+C to abort the command.
N-Branch>traceroute 192.168.4.10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.4.10
Objective
Observe the network behavior using static and default routing only and compare it to the behavior of
dynamic routing.
Background / Preparation
In this exercise, you will observe what the adaptability of dynamic routing compared to static and default
routing. The Ticket Sales Office network is currently configured using static and default routing.
a. Configure EIGRP (AS 10) on the BR2 and ISP2 routers. Be sure to include all directly connected
networks and turn off auto-summary.
b. Do a third trace from PC0 to the Edge1 FastEthernet 0/0 interface. (It should be successful again.)
c. Did the path change? If so, how?
Experirment-13
Objectives
Configure static routes on each router to allow communication between all clients.
Test connectivity to ensure that each device can fully communicate with all other devices.
Background / Preparation
This topology represents a small WAN. Each device in this network has been configured with IP addresses;
however, no routing has been configured. The company management wants to use static routes to connect the
multiple networks.
Step 1: Test connectivity between the PCs and the default gateway.
To determine if there is connectivity from each PC to its configured gateway, first use a simple ping test.
a. Click BOpc and go to Desktop > Command Prompt.
b. From the command prompt, type the ipconfig command. Note the IP address for BOpc and the default
gateway address. The default gateway address is the IP address for the Fast Ethernet interface on
BranchOffice.
c. Ping 192.168.1.1, the default gateway address for the BranchOffice LAN, from the command prompt
on BOpc. This ping should be successful.
d. Click PNpc and go to Desktop > Command Prompt.
e. From the command prompt, type the ipconfig command. Note the IP address for PNpc and the default
gateway address. The default gateway address is the IP address for the Fast Ethernet interface on
PartnerNet.
f. Ping 192.168.3.1, the default gateway address for the PartnerNet LAN, from the command prompt on
PNpc. This ping should be successful.
g. Repeat steps a, b, and c for MOpc and its respective default gateway, the Fast Ethernet interface on
MainOffice. Each of these ping tests should be successful.
g. Does each router know how to route to all networks in the topology? After comparing the routing
tables, close the window for each routing table by clicking the x in the upper right corner of each
window.
Configuring RIP
Topology Diagram
Objectives
Configure routers using basic interface configuration commands.
Enable RIP.
Verify the RIP configuration.
Background / Preparation
A simple routed network has been set up to assist in reviewing RIP routing behavior. In this activity, you will
configure RIP across the network and set up end devices to communicate on the network.
Objectives
Configure the customer Cisco 1841 ISR as a DHCP server.
Background / Preparation
In this activity, you will continue to configure the Cisco 1841 ISR router for the customer network by
configuring the DHCP service. The customer has several workstations that need to be automatically configured
with IP addresses on the local subnet and appropriate DHCP options to allow access to the Internet.
The DHCP pool will use the 192.168.1.0/24 network but the first 49 addresses are excluded. The default
gateway and DNS server also need to be configured as 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.10.
For this activity, both the user and privileged EXEC passwords are cisco.
Note: Packet Tracer does not currently support the domain name and lease period options. These options are not
used in this activity.
CustomerRouter(dhcp-config)#dns-server 192.168.1.10
CustomerRouter(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.1.1
CustomerRouter(dhcp-config)#exit
CustomerRouter(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.49