Introduction

H.Y.P.E. Strategy or Home Yoked Physical Education strategies is an innovation of the Institute of Sports, Physical

Education, and Recreation or the ISPEAR in Central Luzon State University to support Physical Education classes during

the time of pandemic. HYPE strategies are approaches in the modules painstakingly studied and produced by ISPEAR

faculty to deliver and transfer learning in their Physical Education classes. This kind of strategy were formed and

conceptualized especially during this trying times where people are mostly staying at home. Inspired by and anchored in

the World Health’s Organizations’ “Stay Physically Active during Self-Quarantine”, this idea is a collaboration of the

ISPEAR Faculty whose goal is to transfer physical education learnings at the comfort of each students’ own homes. This

strategy considers activities using different available resources common to the student’s settings/localities.

PE 2110-INDIVIDUAL AND DUAL SPORTS

(TABLE TENNIS)

Module 1

HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF TABLE TENNIS

Lesson 1: TABLE TENNIS HISTORY

Who invented table tennis?

Table tennis (or Ping Pong as it is more commonly known in

the US) was invented in 1880s Victorian England. It was an
adaptation the popular game lawn tennis as a way of continuing to
play inside during the winter when it was too cold to play outside.

It caught on very quickly being a lot more accessible for

people to play at home as they didn’t need a big outside space

Lots of games companies began marketing sets that came

with nets, bats and balls. Back then the game went by a lot of
different names depending on the company that was selling the
equipment. Some of the names that it was known by are:

• Ping-Pong or Gossima
• Table Tennis
• Whiff Waff
• Pom-Pom
• Pim-Pam
• Lots of others
Eventually, Ping Pong and Table Tennis stuck and in 1901 The Ping Pong Association and The Table Tennis Association
were formed. The name table tennis was adopted in 1921–22 when the old Ping-Pong Association formed in 1902 was
revived.

The original association had broken up about 1905, though apparently the game continued to be played in parts of
England outside London and by the 1920s was being played in many countries. Led by representatives of Germany,
Hungary, and England, the Fédération Internationale de Tennis de Table (International Table Tennis Federation) was
founded in 1926, the founding members being England, Sweden, Hungary, India, Denmark, Germany, Czechoslovakia,
Austria, and Wales. By the mid-1990s more than 165 national associations were members.

The first world championships were held in London in 1926, and from then until 1939 the game was dominated by
players from central Europe, the men’s team event being won nine times by Hungary and twice by Czechoslovakia. In the
mid-1950s Asia emerged as a breeding ground of champions, and from that time the men’s team event has been won by
either Japan or China, as has the women’s event, though to a lesser extent; North Korea also became an international
force. In 1980 the first World Cup was held, and Guo Yuehua of China won the $12,500 first prize. Table tennis became
an Olympic sport in 1988, with singles and doubles competition for men and women ( Barna, 2019).
Lesson 2: THE GAME

Equipment
Table tennis equipment is relatively simple and inexpensive.

The table is rectangular, 9 feet by 5 feet (2.7 metres by 1.5 metres), its upper surface a level plane 30 inches (76 cm)
above the floor.

The net is 6 feet (1.8 metres) long, and its upper edge along the whole length is 6 inches (15.25 cm) above the
playing surface.

The ball, which is spherical and hollow, was once made of white celluloid. Since 1969 a plastic similar to celluloid
has been used. The ball, which may be colored white, yellow, or orange, weighs about 0.09 ounce (2.7 grams) and has a
diameter of about 1.6 inches (4 cm).

The blade of a racket, or bat, is usually made of wood, is flat and rigid, and may be covered with a thin layer of
ordinary stippled, or pimpled, rubber, which may be laid over a thin layer of sponge rubber and may have the pimples
reversed. Whatever combination is used, each of the two sides of a paddle must be different in color. The racket may be
any size, weight, or shape.

Rules
A match consists of the best of any odd numbers of games, each game being won by the player who first reaches 11
points or who, after 10 points each, wins two clear points ahead. A point is scored when the server fails to make a good
service, when either player fails to make a good return, or when either player commits a specified infraction (e.g., touches
the playing surface with a free hand while the ball is in play). Service changes hands after every two points until 10-all is
reached, when it changes after every subsequent point.

The serve is made from behind the end of the table, the server tossing the ball upward from the palm of the free hand and
striking it as it descends so that it first bounces on the server’s own court and then, passing over the net, bounces on the
opponent’s court. In serving, no spin may be imparted to the ball by the fingers. This was not always so. Finger spin,
especially in the United States, reached a stage where the experts could produce untakable services and the game
became farcical. Finger spin was universally banned in 1937.

Interest to the spectator lies in observing the ability of one player to defeat another by well-thought-out strategy.
Increasing the speed of the game, slowing it down, varying the direction of or imparting different spin or pace to the ball,
and employing gentle drop shots over the net when the opponent is out of position are some of the tactics that may be
used to support the strategy planned.

Slow or defensive play at one time was so dominant that, at the 1936 world championships in Prague, an hour was
needed to decide a single point. Play is now restricted. If a game is unfinished 15 minutes after it has begun, the rest of
that game and the remaining games of the match proceed under the Expedite System. Thereafter if the service and 13
following strokes of the server are returned by the receiver, the server loses the point. The service changes after each
point.

Table tennis may be played with one player at each end of the table or with two players at each end who may be both
men or both women or one of each. Worldwide, the women’s game is comparable in organization to the men’s, and
women take part in world championships and all other organized events. Table tennis as well as being fully organized is
also extremely popular as a recreational game and is so played in all types of sports clubs, social clubs, and game rooms,
in the home, and even out-of-doors when conditions are reasonably calm.

Lesson 3: Different Terminologies

Backhand A shot done with the racket to the left of the elbow for a right-hander, the reverse for a left-hander.
Backspin Backward spin placed on the ball. Also called Underspin.
Bat Same as racket.
Blade Wooden part of bat.
Block A quick, off the bounce return of an aggressive drive done by just holding the racket in the ball's path.
Chop A chop is a heavy underspin shot. I it usually executed away from the table and below the tabletop. A
chop forces the ball to drop downwards when it hits an opponent’s paddle.
Chopper A style of play where chopping is the primary shot.
Closed Holding the racket such that he racket's hitting surface is aimed downward, with the top edge leaning
away from you.
Counter- A drive made against a drive. Some players specialize in counter-driving.
drive
Cross- court A ball that is hit diagonally from corner to corner.
Dead A ball without any spin.
Deep A ball that lands deep on the table. A serve that will not bounce twice on the opponent's side of the
table if given the chance is also considered deep.
Down the line A ball that is hit along the side of the table, parallel to the sidelines, is hit down the line.

Drive The basic topspin shot executed close to the table. Also called a counter, counter drive, or smash.
Drop shot Short placement - very close to the net. A key point in making a drop shot is to not allow the ball to fall
off the table after the first bounce.
i.e. Drop shots should bounce at least twice on the opponents side of the table before falling off.
Flat A ball that has no spin, usually travelling with good pace.
Flick or flip A topspin shot generated over the table close to the net, usually with the power generated only from the
upper arm or the wrist. Used to start offense on a short ball.
Footwork How a person moves to make a shot.
Forehand Any shot done with the racket to the right of the elbow for a righthander, the reverse for a lefthander.
Game Set. Each game is played to 11 points unless a deuce occurs.
Game Point Last point of a game.
Hitter A style of play where hitting is the primary shot.
Inverted The most common racket covering. It consists of a sheet of rubber on top of a sponge where pips of the
rubber point inward, so the surface is smooth.
ITTF International Table Tennis Federation, founded 1926, is the world governing body of the sport, and its
members are the table tennis Associations of more than 150 countries.
Junk Rubber that produce no spin, such as anti-spin and long-pips.
Kill A put away shot. Ball is hit with enough speed so the opponent cannot make a return.
Let Service ball hitting the net or a distraction that causes the point played over.

Lob Usually used when in the player is in the backcourt in a defensive situation. The player hits the ball as
high as he can - usually with a combination of topspin and sidespin. The deeper the ball lands on the
table, the more difficult it will be for his opponent to smash.
Loop The shot that currently dominates the sport. This is an extreme topspin shot. One the Mazunov brothers
(Russia) won a spin competition being 'clocked' at 9000 rpm. A loop, when executed properly can curve
in the air as a curveball does in baseball. This curve allows the player to hit the ball harder and still rely
on the spin of the ball to cause the ball to dive down onto the table. Also, a loop will 'skip' on the table
top taking sharp changes in directions. A loop will also tend to 'pop' upwards when it strikes the
opponents racket.

The opponent has to deal with

1. A curving ball,
2. A ball that changes directions when it hits the table, and
3. A ball that will jump off his racket unpredictably unless he compensates for spin.
4. A loop will also counter heavy spin (topspin or underspin) from an opponent. It can be executed
above or below the tabletop, close or far away from the table.
Looper A style of play where the primary shot is the loop.
Open Holding the racket such that he racket's hitting surface is aimed ward, with the top edge leaning towards
you.
Paddle Same as racket.
Penholder A type of grip giving the best possible forehand but the most awkward backhand of the conventional
grips.
Pips The small conical bits of rubber that cover a sheet of table tennis rubber.

Pips out A type of racket covering. It consists of a sheet of pips out rubber on top of a layer of sponge. The pips
point outward, the opposite of inverted.
Point A unit of scoring in table tennis.
Push A push is an underspin shot executed over the table, and usually close to the net. This is a passive shot
that is used when it is impossible to attack a ball.
Racket Same as bat.
Rally The period in which the ball is in play.
Rating A number that is assigned to players after their first tournament. The better the player the higher the rating
should be.
Receive The return of a serve.
Serve The first shot, done by the server. It begins with the ball being thrown up from palm of hand and struck by
the racket.
Shake hand The most popular grip. It gives the best balance of forehand and backhand.
Side spin Spin placed on a ball to allow it to curve left or right in the air. Usually utilized in combination with the
topspin of a loop.
Smash A put away shot. Ball is hit with enough speed so the opponent cannot make a return.

Spin The rotation of a ball. Topspin: Spin placed on a ball to allow it to curve down onto the table.

Stroke Any shot used in the game, including the serve.

Topspin Spin placed on a ball to allow it to curve down onto the table.
Twiddle Same as twirl.
Twirl Turning of the paddle, used for confusing opponents on which side of the paddle is being used. Not as
deceptive now due to the two color law, namely black on one side and bright red on the other side.
Usually utilized with combination bat.
Umpire or An official who keeps score and enforces rules during a match.
Referee