Subject: Information System and Modern World

Corse Code: BAIT2013

Submitted to: Syed Muhammad Imran Haider Naqvi

Submitted by: Shahroz Khan

Registration no: L1F21BSBA0035

Assignment no: 2

Department: FOMS

Program: BS Business Analytics

Section: BA2
Date: 5/12/22
 What is IoT?

 Introduction:
The Internet of Things, commonly abbreviated as IoT, refers to the
connection of devices (other than typical fare such as computers and
smartphones) to the Internet. Cars, kitchen appliances, and even heart
monitors can all be connected through the IoT. And as the Internet of
Things grows in the next few years, more devices will join that list.

 How does IoT work:

An IoT ecosystem is made up of objects that are compatible with the
internet, or use embedded computing systems.

An object connected to the IoT is able to collect data on its environment

via sensors. It then uses the data via processors, and sends it to one or
more recipients using their integrated communications hardware.

It shares the data collected through an IoT gateway. It’s a solution for
communication between devices, or between devices and the cloud. As a
result, data is transferred directly to the cloud for analytics and
operations, or to another IoT device for local analytics.

Here is an example to illustrate this. When you approach your home in

your connected car, it sends your location data to your central heating
thermostat. By analysing this data, the thermostat is able to adjust the
internal temperature of any room according to the setting you have
established beforehand. It does this during your journey home. The only
 human intervention required is the temperature configuration — the
Internet of Things does the rest.

Of course, the data collected can be used in both in real time and over the
long term. Ultimately, the analyses can be performed by humans as well
as by artificial intelligence (AI) with an automatic learning system.

This means a smart home’s IoT system acts in real time to determine the
perfect time to adjust the heating. It can also be based on data collected
by the car over a long period of time. In addition to this, all of the IoT
data collected every day by all the connected thermostats is a huge source
of data for the energy supplier. The supplier can analyse this data to
improve its services.

 IoT Applications:
There are a whole host of IoT applications. Some of the best known
include:

1. Wearables:
Wearables are perhaps the most visible aspect of the IoT to the everyday
user. These include fitness trackers, smartwatches, smart glasses, Virtual
Reality headsets, and more.
2. Smart homes:
A smart home system connects with appliances to automate specific tasks
and is usually remote-controlled. Example IoT devices in smart homes
might include wireless kitchen appliances, mood-sensing music systems,
smart lighting, motorized blinds, automated windows and doors, smart
utility meters, and so on.

3. Smart cities:
Smart cities use IoT devices such as connected sensors and meters to
collect and analyse data. This data can be used to improve infrastructure,
public utilities, and services.

4. Self-driving cars:
Self-driving cars typically have an IoT-based technology system that
shares information about the vehicle itself plus the road it’s driving along.
Data about traffic, navigation, the external environment, and more are
gathered and analysed by the car's computer systems to enable it to drive
on its own.

5. Retail:
The Internet of Things is increasingly used in retail. For example, think of
automated checkouts, personalized discounts, smart shelves (which alert
the retailer when they’re running low on stock), robotic employees, and
optimized supply chain management. Amazon Go – the concept stores
from Amazon – is an example of the IoT bridging the gap between online
and bricks and mortar. The stores are cashless since money is deducted
from customers’ Amazon wallets. They also add items to customers' carts
in real-time when they pick products from the shelves.

6. Telehealth:
Telehealth – sometimes called telemedicine – refers to the delivery of
health services via technology. The IoT is an essential aspect of telehealth
(the acronym IoMT is sometimes used to refer to the Internet of Medical
Things). Examples include remote medical diagnosis, digital
communication of medical imaging, video consultations with specialists,
etc.
7. Smart farming:
Smart farming involves the use of digital technology to improve farming
efforts. For example, farmers may use connected sensors, cameras, and
other devices to improve the overall view of their farm and adjust
operations to improve their yield.

This list is not exhaustive – across multiple industries, the IoT is

transforming operations and ways of working. IoT device examples
include smart mobiles, smart refrigerators, smartwatches, fitness trackers,
smart fire alarms, smart door locks, smart bicycles, medical sensors,
fitness trackers, smart security systems, plus virtual assistants such as
Alexa and Google Home – the list goes on.

 Benefits of IOT:

IoT devices can track and manage inventory, IoT monitoring, control

energy use, control analytics with platforms like ThingSpeak, and much
more. The benefits of IoT are many and varied, but some of the most
notable advantages include:

1. Improved efficiency:
One of the primary benefits of IoT is that it can help organizations to
become more efficient. By collecting data from devices and sensors,
businesses can gain insights into their operations and identify areas where
improvements can be made. For instance, an organization might use IoT
data to optimize its production line or to reduce energy consumption.
2. Improved safety:
IoT devices can be used to improve safety by monitoring conditions and
providing early warning of potential hazards. For example, sensors can be
used to detect gas leaks, fires, or flooding. By providing early warnings,
IoT devices can help to prevent accidents and save lives.

3. Reduced costs:
The improved efficiency that comes with IoT can also lead to reduced
costs. By eliminating waste and reducing energy consumption, businesses
can save money. Additionally, the data collected by IoT devices can be
used to generate new revenue streams or to develop new products and
services.

 Industrial IOT:

IoT is already impacting several industries, including manufacturing,

healthcare, energy, and transportation. Here are some examples of how
IoT is being used in these industries:

1. Manufacturing: 
Manufacturers are using IoT to track production equipment and
inventory levels in real time. This information can be used to improve
production efficiency and quality control.
2. Healthcare: 
Healthcare providers are using IoT to track patients’ vital signs and
medical records. This information can be used to improve patient care
and prevent medical errors.

3. Energy: 
Energy companies are using IoT to monitor energy consumption and
optimize the distribution of power. This information can be used to
reduce energy costs and help the environment.

4. Transportation:
 Transportation companies are using IoT to track vehicles and their
surroundings. This information can be used to improve safety,
efficiency, and traffic flow.

 Advantages & Disadvantages of IoT:

 Advantages:

 Efficiency:
Machine-to-machine interactions enable greater efficiency, saving time
for people to focus on other tasks.

 Automation:
Automation leads to uniformity in tasks, which can improve the quality
of service and reduce the need for human intervention.

 Cost savings:
Greater efficiency and automation can reduce both waste and labor
costs, making it less expensive to manufacture and deliver goods.

 Quality control:
IoT facilitates better communication between devices, enabling better
quality control.
 Greater transparency:
The ability to access information from anywhere at any time on any
device can simplify decision-making and lead to greater transparency.

 Disadvantages:

 Compatibility:

Without international compatibility standards, there could be difficulties

in devices from different manufacturers communicating with each other.

 Fewer jobs:
As IoT accelerates automation, it could displace skilled positions from
the workplace.

 Complexity:
Given the sheer size of the IoT network, with many devices’ dependent
upon it, a single failure in either software or hardware could have
disproportionate consequences.

 Privacy and security:

With so many day-to-day appliances connected to the internet, a
considerable amount of information is online. This creates privacy and
security risks, which we explore in more detail below.
4. IoT Business application & Benefits:

1. IoT Smoke Detectors:

 Challenge:
The consequences are fatal when smoke detectors do not function
effectively in the event of a fire – either because the battery is flat or
because no one hears them.

 Solution:
IoT-powered smoke detectors communicate digitally so that all relevant
people are notified quickly in the event of a fire. The smart sensors detect
smoke, temperature and battery levels.

 Value:
Digital smoke detectors can save human lives, minimize damages and
help protect business-critical assets for companies.

2. Smart Climate Control

 Challenge:
Poor indoor climate translates into bad business. A strained indoor
climate results in inefficient meetings, poor concentration and more sick
days.
 Solution:
Small IoT devices can monitor the indoor climate and automatically
notify if airing is bad or the heat should be lowered in the room.

 Value:
A good indoor climate is key to optimize the well-being and productivity
of employees, students, healthcare professionals, etc.

3. Smog, Noise and Traffic Monitoring

 Challenge:
Noise, smog and traffic jam are all harmful to public health and an
economic burden to society.

 Solution:
Intelligent sensors that detect everything from air pollution and noise
levels to the number of cars on the roads provide valuable insights that
can be used for better infrastructure planning.

 Value
There are great benefits from improving the environment and space on
the roads in cities – both economically and in terms of creating a cleaner
and healthier city.

 Conclusion:
IoT devices are all around us. Innovative enterprises and consumers are
finding creative ways to leverage on the power of IoT and disrupt
industries and traditional business models. From our daily work
providing IoT Connectivity and IoT Cloud services, we have selected 15
real-life Internet of Things examples together with concrete customer
cases for you to get inspired.