Course Title: STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH

Course Code: ENG-ED 4

1st Semester S.Y. 2020-2021

Course Description:
This course familiarizes the student to a variety of basic and complex structures of
English grammar. It clarifies and develops the student’s skills to analyze sentence
structure by the use of some tools and methods of modern linguistics. It also furnishes
complete exercises for a solid knowledge foundation towards advanced study.

MODULE 1
Our Knowledge of Language, Grammar and Sentence

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. describe an overview of the study of language,
2. recall the functions of the parts of speech, and
3. classify the types of sentences and its voicing.

Take the Challenge!

Challenge yourself to identify which part of speech is the underlined word from the
following sentences. Write the answer before each number using the given options below.
N (noun) ADJ (adjective) PREP (preposition)

PRO (pronoun) ADV (adverb) INT (interjection)

V (verb) CONJ (conjunction)

1. They attended the concert last weekend. V

v
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 2. Several cats ran into Rob’s garage. PREP
3. The truck driver delivered the packages quickly. ADV
4. Fast runners won all the awards at the track meet. ADV
5. My friends and I walked home after school. PREP
6. I wanted a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch yesterday. CONJ
7. She was counting the ballots during social studies class. PRO
8. Hey! That is my seat. INT
9. Will they finish the test on time? PRO
10. The diagram was pretty complicated for us. N
11. He will practice his musical piece soon. ADV
12. Reggie saw the awesome sight from the air. ADJ
13. Her sister is the oldest member of the group. N
14. Check the score, Tom. V
15. Will the students be able to find the answer by themselves? PRO
16. Are you sure of yourself? PRO
17. They slowly carried the couch down the stairs. ADV
18. Can you see beyond the hills from the top of the tower? PREP
19. Hurray! Our team has finally scored a touchdown. INT
20. The troop had been scattered throughout the woods. N

Lesson Proper

Language communications are guided mainly through our senses of sound and
sight, whereas grammar is the central component. It mediates between the system of
sounds or of written symbols, and the system of meaning. Below is a brief overview on
other aspects of language.
● Phonology is the term used for the sound system in the language; the distinctive
sound units and the ways which they may be combined.
● Orthography deals with the writing system in the language; the distinctive written
symbols and their possible combinations.

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 ● Semantics is concerned with the system of meanings in the language: the
meanings of words and the combinatory meanings of larger units.

● Syntax refers to the rules that govern the ways in which words combine to

form phrases, clauses, and sentences. It is the proper order of words in a phrase
or a sentence
● Phonetics deals with the physical characteristics of the sounds in the language and
how the sounds are produced by the use of symbols called IPA (International
Phonetic Alphabet). Sounds and letters combine to form words or parts of words.
● Morphology refers to the set of rules that describe the structure of words.
For examples: compute (verb) + er (suffix) = computer
un (prefix) + friend (noun) = unfriend

A. The GRAMMAR
Grammar refers to the way words are used, classified, and structured together to
form coherent written or spoken communication. It has set of rules that allows to
combine words into larger units. Another term for grammar is SYNTAX. The combination
of words is possible in English language; however, it is not possible to other languages.
For example, “Home computers are now much cheaper.” is possible in English, whereas
“Home computers now much are cheaper.” is not, because the word “much” that was
wrongly positioned in the second example.
In English grammar, the eight (8) major parts of speech are noun, pronoun,
adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.

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● PARTS OF SPEECH
NOUN PRONOUN

Name of a person, place, thing or idea. A pronoun is used to replace a noun or

a noun phrase to avoid repetition.

Examples: I, you, we, it, she, he, they

Examples: Daniel, Manila, hope, chair
● She wants to talk to you over the
● Manila is a beautiful place to live in
phone.
before the Martial Law.
VERB ADJECTIVE

Shows an action or a state of being. Describes, modifies, or gives more

information about a noun or pronoun.

Examples: cold, young, happy, two, fun

Examples: go, speak, leave, is, are, was
● There was old brown bag beside my
● Daniel is arriving in the airport at this
desk.
moment.
ADVERB PREPOSITION

Modifies a verb, an adjective or another Shows the relationship of a noun or

adverb. It tells how, when, frequently; pronoun to the rest of the sentence.
it tells the manner, or degree/intensity.

Examples: slowly, very, well, too, often

Examples: at, on, in, from, under, below
● Yesterday, I quickly ate my lunch.
● I left my keys on the table for you.
CONJUNCTION INTERJECTION

Joins two words, ideas, phrases A word or phrase that expresses a

together, and shows how they are strong emotion. It is a short
connected. exclamation.

Examples: and, or, but, because, yet, so

● Sean likes mango, but his brother Examples: Ouch!, Hey!, Oh!, Watch out!
likes melon.
Bravo! You have a very nice voice.

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Activity 1: Find all NOUNS from the sentence below. Write your answers beside the text
box. The answer to #1 is already given for you. (No repeating of words)

I hope that a study of very long sentences will Nouns

arm you with strategies that are almost as diverse study
________ 9.SUBJECT
as the sentences themselves, such as: starting Strategies 10. LIFE
each clause with the same word, tilting with ARM
dependent clauses toward a revelation at the end, SENTENCES
padding with parentheticals, showing great STARTING
latitude toward standard punctuation, rabbit- ___END_____
trailing away from the initial subject, PADDING
encapsulating an entire life, and lastly, as this RABBIT TRAILING
sentence is, celebrating the list.

Activity 2: Find all PRONOUNS and VERBS from the sentence below. Write your answers
beside the text box. (No repeating of words)

I hope that a study of very long sentences will Pronouns Verbs

arm you with strategies that are almost as diverse That hope
1. ________
as the sentences themselves, such as: starting I 2. celebrating_
each clause with the same word, tilting with YOU 3. ___are___
dependent clauses toward a revelation at the end, 4. themselves
padding with parentheticals, showing great This 5. will____

latitude toward standard punctuation, rabbit- themselves 6. tilting

5
trailing away from the initial subject, 7. are

encapsulating an entire life, and lastly, as this 8. starting

Activity 3: Draw a circle to all the ADJECTIVES you can find from the sentence below.

I hope that a study of very long sentences will arm you with strategies that are
D
almost as diverse as the sentences themselves, such as: starting each clause
M,
with the same word, tilting with dependent clauses toward a revelation at the
end, padding with parentheticals, showing great latitude toward standard
punctuation, rabbit-trailing away from the initial subject, encapsulating an
entire life, and lastly, as this sentence is, celebrating the list.

Activity 4: Underline twice all the ADVERBS and draw a circle to all the
PREPOSITIONS you can find from the sentence below.

I hope that a study of very long sentences will arm you with strategies that are
almost as diverse as the sentences themselves, such as: starting each clause
with the same word, tilting with dependent clauses toward a revelation at the
end, padding with parentheticals, showing great latitude toward standard
punctuation, rabbit-trailing away from the initial subject, encapsulating an
entire life, and lastly, as this sentence is, celebrating the list.

Activity 5: Complete the sentence by putting Coordinating or Subordinating

CONJUNCTIONS to the following sentences.

and
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1. My car has a radio _________ a CD player. (but, or, and)
2. Sharon hates to listen to rap music, __nor_____ will she tolerate heavy metal. (but,
nor, or)
3. Carol wanted to drive to Colorado, ____but_____ Bill insisted that they fly. (and, or,
but)
4. I’m afraid of heights, ___yet______ I appreciate the view from the top of this building.
(and, yet, nor)
5. I visit the Grand Canyon ____once_____ I go to Arizona. (once, whenever, wherever)
6. This is the place __where_______ we stayed last time we visited. (where, when, how)
7. ____if_____ you win first place, you will receive a prize. (wherever, if, unless)
8. You won’t pass the test __unless_______ you study. (when, if, unless)
9. I could not get a seat, __though____ I came early. (as, though, when)
10. Nelly doesn’t like to drive, ___yet______ she takes the bus everywhere. (but, yet, so)

Activity 6: Write the appropriate INTERJECTION to the following sentences in the space
provided. Choose from given options inside the box.
Ouch
1. ____________! I smashed my finger with the hammer. Horrors Hurray
2. _Mmm____ , all right, Dave. Mmm Oh no
3. ___Hurray__! We have finally beaten that team! Ouch Rats
4. _Whoa____, take it easy, Bob! Whoa
5. _Oh no_____, I forgot to take out the garbage this morning.

------------------------------------------------------------

B. The SENTENCE
A sentence is the basic unit of language which expresses a complete thought. It
follows the grammatical basic rules of syntax, and typically contains a subject and
predicate. It also conveys a statement, question, exclamation, or command. Moreover, in
other aspects, a sentence consists of the main clause and sometimes one or more
subordinate clauses.

● ACTIVE and PASSIVE Sentences

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 A sentence is written in active voice when the subject of the sentence performs the
action in the sentence, whereas, passive voice is used when the subject of the sentence
has an action done to it by someone or something else. The choice involves differences
in position and differences in the form of the verb
Active: Charles Dickens wrote many novels.
Passive: Many novels were written by Charles Dickens.

Active: The girl was washing the dog.

Passive: The dog was being washed by the girl.

Activity 7: Active and passive sentences – Identify whether each sentence is active or
passive. Write ACT (Active) or PAS (Passive) before each number.
1. The DepEd Secretary postponed a press briefing last night. ACT
2. Five demonstrators were shot before the meeting. ACT
3. The ballots have been counted. PAS
4. Most of the tests on the Roman treasure have been carried out at the Institute of
Archaeology by one of its honorary research associates. PAS
5. The high-jump record was finally broken last Saturday. PAS
6. A suspect was questioned for sixteen hours by the police. ACT
7. A sharp fall in profits is being predicted. PAS
8. Their hopes have been dashed once again. ACT
9. A developer has recently obtained permission to turn some 160 acres of farmland
into a golf course. ACT
10. The motion was defeated by a large majority.PAS

------------------------------------------------------------

● The Sentence According to FUNCTION

1. Declarative sentences (Statements) – are used to express facts and opinion.
Examples:
The landlord was very generous to us.
We must learn how to swim.

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 Her height and agility helped her win the match.
2. Interrogative sentences (Questions) – are used in asking questions and ends with a
question mark.
Examples:
Do you have internet access at home?
What is the capital city of Singapore?
Where will you be going for your summer vacation?
3. Imperative sentences (Directives) – are used in asking someone to do something –
“you” as the implied subject.
Examples:
Open the door for me.
Go away.
Take a seat.
4. Exclamatory sentences (Exclamations) – are used chiefly to express strong feeling or
emotion; it ends with an exclamation point.
Examples:
How well you look!
You won!
What a good friend you are!

Activity 8: Identify whether each sentence below is declarative (DEC), interrogative (INT),
imperative (IMP), or exclamatory (EXC). Write your answers before each number.
1. Move right to the front of the bus. IMP
2. What have you got to say for yourself? INT
3. What a good time we had! EXC
4. How will they find their way to the station? INT
5. How much weight you’ve lost! EXC
6. Ask Cristy for the recipe. IMP
7. It’s been nice meeting you. DEC
8. Will your parents be coming with you? INT
9. If it doesn’t rain, I’ll see you tonight. DEC
10. Pass the bottle, please. IMP

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------------------------------------------------------------

● The Sentence According to PATTERN

Glossary:
- Transitive Verb – an action verb that requires at least one complement (a Direct
Object) to complete the sentence.
- Intransitive Verb – does not require a Direct Object to complete the sentence.
- Linking Verb – a verb that requires a subjective complement to complete its
meaning.
- Direct Object – is the receiver of the action and typically occurs after the verb.
- Indirect Object – is the person or thing (noun/pronoun) who receives the direct
object of the verb. It appears between the verb and its direct object.
- Object Complement – is a noun, pronoun, or adjective which follows a direct
object and renames it or tells what the direct object has become.
- Predicate Nominative – or a ‘predicate noun’ completes a linking verb and
renames the subject.
- Predicate Adjective – it follows a linking verb and describes the subject.

1. Subject-Transitive Verb-Direct Object (S-TV-DO)

Matthew | reads | the book for pleasure.
Annie | baked | a carrot cake.
Mr. Tendero | drives | a new car.
2. Subject-Transitive Verb-Indirect Object-Direct Object (S-TV-IO-DO)
I | gave | the bedroom wall | a new coat of paint.
Mrs. Sahagun | gave | me | the test results.
Cristy | surprised | her son | with a new cellphone.
3. Subject-Transitive Verb-Direct Object-Object Complement (S-TV-DO-OC)
The judges | considered | him | a champion.
The music | made | her | joyful.
Luke | made | his mother | delighted.
4. Subject-Linking Verb-Predicate Nominative (S-LV-PN)
That boy | is | the culprit.
Whales and sharks | are | mammals.
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 One of the contestants | is | Maria.
5. Subject- Linking Verb-Predicate Adjective (S-LV-PA)
The show | is | cool.
The singer | sounds | bad.
His behavior | is | outrageous.

S-TV-DO D. S-LV-PN
Activity 9: Identify each of the sentence if S-TV-IO-DO E. S-LV-
Choose the corresponding letter from the given options, PA
and write them before each number. S-TV-DO-OC

1. The frightened dog remained in his dog house. S-TV-DO-OC

2. On a sleepless night he thought about his new invention. S-TV-DO
3. The boys are building a dam across the creek. S-TV-IO-DO
4. Lawrence became the chairman of the company. S-LV-PN
5. Shakespeare gave the English language over 25,000 words. S-TV-IO-DO
6. The first subway in the world was built in London. S-LV-PA
7. Leslie appeared happy. S-LV-PA
8. The hot chocolate smelled wonderful. S-LV-PA
9. He generously gave the Red Cross a large donation of money. S-TV-IO-DO
10. The new lions at the zoo roared at their trainer frequently. S-TV-DO
------------------------------------------------------------

● The Sentence According to STRUCTURE

1. SIMPLE Sentence – consists of single Independent Clause (IC), that is, one subject
and one verb phrase, and it expresses a complete thought.

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 In the following sentences, subjects are in bold letters, and verb phrases are
underlined.
Some students like to study in the mornings.
Celso and Antonio play basketball every afternoon.
Luisa goes to the library and studies every day.

Activity 10: Write on the blank if each item below is a Simple Sentence (SS) or just a
Phrase.
Item number 1 has already done for you.
1. I have never eaten caviar. SS
__________ 6. Sang my favorite song. PHRASE

2. SM malls are having a sale 7. She is paying for her own

this weekend. ___SS____ tuition. SS

3. Expensive antique jewelry. PHRASE 8. The bus is approaching. SS

4. Fresh flowers on the table. PHRASE 9. Sailing around the world. PHRASE

5. Our home in the town city. PHRASE 10. He came home late. ___SS___

2. COMPOUND Sentence – consists of two (2) Independent Clauses (IC+IC), and

joined by Coordinating Conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so, ;(semicolon)).

Notice the two Independent Clauses linked by a coordinating conjunction.

I like an apple, but my brother likes mango.
The bus halted, and we got out.
Learning a language is difficult; however, it is worth the effort.

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Activity 11: Join the sentences together to make a Compound Sentence. Write your
answers on the space below each item.
1. Lily can touch the ceilings. She is very tall.
Lily can touch the ceilings, for she is very tall
2. The athlete ran around the track. He jumped over the hurdles.
The athlete ran around the track, and he jumped over the hurdles.
3. We can take a taxi. We can wait for a bus.
We can take a taxi, or We can wait for a bus.
4. A gust of wind caught the man. It blew him back into the building.
A gust of wind caught the man, so It blew him back into the building.
5. The man jumped off the 86th floor. He survived.
The man jumped off the 86th floor, but He survived.

3. COMPLEX Sentence – is made up of one Independent Clause (IC), and one or more
Dependent Clauses (DC). It is joined with a Subordinating Conjunction (because,
although, since, when, unless, etc.) or a Relative Pronoun (that, who, which, etc.).

Notice the two clauses linked by a subordinating conjunction.

You cannot pass the exam, unless you study hard.
Let me know if you need any help.
I’m glad that you are joining our company.

Activity 12: Put a single underline on the independent clause, and a double underline on
the dependent clause. Item number 1 was done for you.
1. When he submitted his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.
2. Jane admitted that she’d changed her mind.
3. When I got home from work yesterday, I watched TV for an hour.

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 4. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.
5. Everybody knows that she is a superb school principal.
6. Even though the exam was quite difficult, all the students passed.
7. You can’t go out and play until you’ve finished your homework.
8. After getting home from work, my sister and I went to the mall last night.
9. I’m happy, even I don’t though make much money.
10. This new laptop, which I bought yesterday, has already crashed twice.

4. COMPOUND-COMPLEX Sentence – consists of at least two (2) Independent

Clauses (IC) and one or more Dependent Clauses (DC). It is joined by
subordinating or coordinating conjunctions.

I’m happy, even though I don’t make much money, but my kids are always
complaining since we can’t afford to buy the newest toys.
● Independent clauses: “I’m happy”

“my kids are always complaining”

● Dependent clauses: “even though I don’t make much money”

“since we can’t afford to buy the newest toys”

● Coordinating Conj.: but

I like Mathematics but my brother likes Biology because he wants to be a

doctor someday.
● Independent clauses: “I like Mathematics”

“my brother likes Biology”

● Dependent clauses: “because he wants to be a doctor someday”

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 ● Coordinating Conj.: but

This new laptop computer, which I bought yesterday, has already crashed

twice; however, I have no idea why.
● Independent clauses: “This new laptop computer has already crashed
twice”

“I have no idea why”

● Dependent clauses: “which I bought yesterday”

● Coordinating Conj.: ; (semicolon)

Activity 13: Identify and write the group of words that represent the independent
clauses, dependent clause and coordinating conjunction from the sentences below.

1. Robert, a friend I’ve known since high school, doesn’t eat meat, so Barbara made a
special vegetarian dish for him
● Independent clauses: “Robert doesn’t eat meat” “Barbara made a
special vegetarian dish for him”

● Dependent clauses: “a friend I’ve known since highschool”

● Coordinating Conj.: “so”

2. We went to Venice, even though they knew I wanted to go to Madrid; nevertheless,

we had a great time.
● Independent clauses: “We went to venice”

● Dependent clauses: “eventhough they knew I wanted to go to

Madrid” “nevertheless, we had a great time”

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 ● Coordinating Conj.: (semicolon)

3. After getting home from work, my brother and I went to the mall last night, while
my sister stayed home and studied.
● Independent clauses: “my brother and I went to the mall last night”
“my sister stayed home and studied”

● Dependent clauses: “After getting home from work”

● Coordinating Conj.: “while”

4. I’ve been saving up for a few years, so we should be able to get a mortgage soon,
providing my job remains secure.
● Independent clauses: “I’ve been saving up for a few years” “we should
be able to get a mortgage soon”

● Dependent clauses: “providing my job remains secure”

● Coordinating Conj.: “so”

5. I’m going to see Shawna at the mall later; you can come with me, though I know
you two don’t get along.
● Independent clauses: “I’m going to see Shawna at the mall later”
“you can come with me”

● Dependent clauses: “though I know you two don’t get along”

● Coordinating Conj.: (semicolon)

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Apply and Practice

Check your UNDERSTANDING

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Directions: Select the corresponding letter from the given options, and write your
answers before each number.

1. It mediates between the system of sounds or of written symbols, and it refers as

the central component of language.
A. sentence C. language
B. grammar D. phonetics
2. It refers to the study of sound patterns and their meanings, both within and across
languages.
A. semantics C. phonology
B. orthography D. phonetics
3. The prefix ‘un’ + happy (adjective) + ‘ness’ (suffix) = unhappiness, is an example of
the linguistics study of:
A. phonetics C. semantics
B. phonology D. morphology
4. These are the three components, generally, make up a system of a typical
language.
A. phonology, orthography, morphology
B. phonology, syntax, semantics
C. phonetics, morphology, phonology
D. orthography, pragmatics, syntax
5. This study examines the meaning and interpretation of words, signs and sentence
structure.
A. phonetics C. phonology
B. semantics D. morphology
6. It refers to the study of speech sounds and the production of speech with the help
of using symbols called IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet).
A. morphology C. semantics
B. phonetics D. phonology

7. Below are some examples of the parts of speech, except:

A. adjective C. predicate
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 B. adverb D. interjection
8. In the sentence, “I saved my big brown cat from the flooded road yesterday”, which
of the following parts of speech does not appear?
A. adjective C. conjunction
B. adverb D. preposition
9. It refers to the basic unit of language which expresses a complete thought, and
follows the grammatical basic rules.
A. grammar C. sentence
B. predicate D. subject
10. The following are types of sentence according to function, except:
A. exclamatory C. interrogative
B. imperative D. nominative

Parts of Speech CROSSWORD PUZZLE

Directions: Fill in the correct letters within the crossword puzzle.
Below are the two sentences that you will use to answer the puzzle.

Sentence 1: They waited patiently inside the arena to meet the star of the
game, but she went out the other door.
Sentence 2: You can help these older people with the heavy packages and
then report to me again, Rich.
ACROSS DOWN
2. AGAIN 1. BUT
5.WAITED 2. AND
6. SHE 3. INSIDE
8. CAN 4. HELP
10. THEY 5. WITH
11. OTHER 7. PATIENTLY
13. RICH 9. FOUR
14. FOUR 10. THREE
16. NOUN 12. REPORT
17. ME 15. OLDER
18
Across Down

2. the last adverb in the second sentence 1. the conjunction in the first sentence
AGAIN
2. the conjunction in the second
5. the first verb in the first sentence
sentence

3. the first preposition in the first

6. the second pronoun in the first
sentence
sentence
4. the first main verb in the second
8. the helping verb in the second
sentence
sentence
5. the first preposition in the second
10. the first pronoun in the first
sentence
sentence
7. the adverb in the first sentence
11. the pronoun-adjective in the first
9. the number of prepositions in the
sentence
first sentence
13. the only proper noun in either
10. the number of articles in the first
sentence
sentence
14. the number of nouns in the first
12. the last verb in the second sentence
sentence
15. the adjective describing people in
16. the part of speech of people in the
the second sentence
second sentence

17. the last pronoun in the second

sentence

Parts of Speech CROSSWORD PUZZLE

b a g a i n
u n n h

w a i t e d s h e

p i i l

c a n t f d p
t t h e y o t h e r
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 r i c h u e

e r f o u r p
n o u n e l o

t e d r

l m e t

y r

ACTIVE and PASSIVE Sentence

Directions: Write ACT if the sentence is Active or PAS if the sentence is Passive.
1. Dentists are assisted by dental hygienists. PAS
2. The boy hid his report card from his parents. ACT
3. Maria arrived by plane this morning. ACT
4. The argument was rejected. PAS
5. By pure coincidence, she came into the store when I happened to be there.
ACT
6. My bracelet was found on the dirty road. PAS
7. De La Salle Green Archers beat the Ateneo Blue Eagles. ACT
8. Many novels were written by Charles Dickens. PAS
9. Leah is talking to her brother. ACT
10. Pamphlets are being handed out by local businesses near the mall. PAS

Sentence According to FUNCTION

Directions: Choose correct answer from the given options, then put the correct
punctuation at the end of the sentence. Write only the given CODE before each number.
DEC – declarative INT – interrogative

IMP – imperative EXC - exclamatory

1. Do you like to walk or jog when you exercise __?___ INT

2. Too often, the rich get richer while the poor get poorer __.___ DEC
3. Send her a nice gift __.___ IMP
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 4. We’re on the wrong planet __.___ DEC
5. Give me the answer now __.___ IMP
6. The newspaper didn’t tell the whole story, did it __?___ INT
7. My doctor told me to take these vitamins __.___ DEC
8. Why do you believe that __?___ INT
9. There are more apples in the refrigerator __.___ DEC
10. My shoe is on fire __!___ EXC

Sentence According to PATTERN

Directions: Identify the PATTERN of the following sentences. Choose the corresponding
letter from the given options, and write your answers before each number.

S-TV-DO C. S-TV-DO-OC E. S-LV-PA

S-TV-IO-DO D. S-LV-PN

1. The earthquake destroyed the city. A

2. Monkeys eat bananas. A
3. Dave handed Terrance the ball when they were done playing catch. B
4. The baker made the bread too chewy. C
5. We elected him as the class president because of his speech. A
6. Give Lani the memo once she leaves the meeting. C
7. John sold me his car. B
8. The jury found the defendant “not guilty” of murder in the first degree. E
9. Teacher Luisa gave her students passing grades. B
10. Antonio is a gifted athlete. E

Sentence According to STRUCTURE

Directions: Put a check mark ☑ to the appropriate structure of each sentence.

Complex-
Simple Compound Complex
Compound

1. Maine and Dave have a big argument every 

summer over where they should spend their

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 vacation.

2. Maine loves to go to the beach and spend her days


sunbathing.

3. Maine says there is nothing relaxing about

chopping wood, swatting mosquitoes, and cooking 
over a woodstove.

4. Dave tends to get bored sitting on the beach,

watching the waves, getting sand in his swimsuit, 
and reading detective novels for a week.

5. This year, after a lengthy, noisy debate, they


decided to take separate vacations.

6. Usually I take a walk every day while the sun


sets, but it was raining today.
7. Although they are 250 miles apart, they keep in

constant communication on the internet.

8. We were doing Math exam when the fire alarm rang


yesterday.

9. Even though she was tired, Cristy knew she

had to finish the race and she ran to meet her 
team.

10. Though Matthew prefers watching romantic

films, he rented the latest fantasy-thriller, and 
he enjoyed it very much.

References:

Altenberg, E.P. and Vago, R.M. (2010). English Grammar: Understanding the Basics.
Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/lb/academic/subjects/languages-
linguistics/grammar-and-syntax/english-grammar-understanding-basics?
format=PB&isbn=9780521732161

Greenbaum, S. and Nelson, G. (2002). An Introduction to English Grammar. Pearson

Education Limited, London, UK. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.ph
/books/about/An_Introduction_to_English_Grammar.html?id=Y6r-
K8JYUOoC&redir_esc=y

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Herring, P. (2016). The Farlex Grammar Book: Complete English Grammar Rules. Farlex
International. Retrieved from https://www.pdfdrive.com/complete-english-
grammar-rules-e57299231.html

Padilla, E.J.C. (2016). English Major’s Guide. MET Review Center. Unpublished.

Submitted by:

MA. LOURDES T. SAHAGUN, MAT, LPT

July 30, 2020

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