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Gaussian Elimination and Gauss-Jordan Method

Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan elimination are methods for solving systems of linear equations. The document provides an example of using each method to solve the system: 2w + 2x + y + z = 10 3w - x + y - 11z = -11 w + 5x + 5y = 5 w + x + 14z = 14 Gaussian elimination reduces the system of equations to row echelon form using elementary row operations of multiplying a row by a non-zero constant, swapping two rows, and adding a multiple of one row to another row. Gauss-Jordan elimination further reduces the system to an identity matrix to directly read the values of the variables. Both methods yield

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89 views3 pages

Gaussian Elimination and Gauss-Jordan Method

Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan elimination are methods for solving systems of linear equations. The document provides an example of using each method to solve the system: 2w + 2x + y + z = 10 3w - x + y - 11z = -11 w + 5x + 5y = 5 w + x + 14z = 14 Gaussian elimination reduces the system of equations to row echelon form using elementary row operations of multiplying a row by a non-zero constant, swapping two rows, and adding a multiple of one row to another row. Gauss-Jordan elimination further reduces the system to an identity matrix to directly read the values of the variables. Both methods yield

Uploaded by

Athena Club
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Gaussian Elimination

Given:

MAIN GOAL:

2 2 1 0 10 1 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑
0 −1 1 |−11] → [ 0 1 𝑒 𝑓 | 𝑔]
[3
0 1 0 5 5 0 0 1 ℎ 𝑖
−1 1 0 0 14 0 0 0 1 𝑗
Normalizing and Eliminating in the first column

1 1 1/2 0 5 𝑅′1 = 𝑅1 /2
[3 0 −1 1 |−11] |
0 1 0 5 5
−1 1 0 0 14
1 1 1/2 0 5
𝑅′ = 𝑅 2 − 3𝑅1
[0 −3 −5/2 1 | −26] | 2
0 1 0 5 5 𝑅′3 = 𝑅 3
0 2 1/2 0 19 𝑅′4 = 𝑅4 + 𝑅 1

Normalizing and Eliminating in the second column


1 1 1/2 0 5
[0 1 5/6 −1/3 |26/3] |𝑅′2 = 𝑅 2/(−3)
0 1 0 5 5
0 2 1/2 0 19
1 1 1/2 0 5
0 1 5/6 −1/3 26/3
[ | ]|
0 0 −5/6 16/3 −11/3 𝑅′3 = 𝑅3 − 𝑅 2
0 0 −7/6 2/3 5/3 𝑅′4 = 𝑅4 − 2𝑅 2

Normalizing and Eliminating in the third column


1 1 1/2 0 5
0 1 5/6 −1/3 26/3
[ | ]|
0 0 1 −32/5 22/5 𝑅′3 = 𝑅 3/(−5/6)
0 0 −7/6 2/3 5/3
1 1 1/2 0 5
0 1 5/6 −1/3 26/3
[ | ]|
0 0 1 −32/5 22/5
0 0 0 −34/5 34/5 𝑅′4 = 𝑅4 − (−7/6)𝑅 3

Normalizing in the fourth column


1 1 1/2 0 5
[0 1 5/6 −1/3 |26/3] |
0 0 1 −32/5 22/5
0 0 0 1 −1 𝑅′4 = 𝑅4 /(−34/5)
Do Back Substitution:

In the fourth row,


0𝑤 + 0𝑥 + 0𝑦 + (1) 𝑧 = −1
𝑧 = −1

In the third row,


0𝑤 + 0𝑥 + (1) 𝑦 + (−32/5)𝑧 = 22/5
𝑦 = −2
In the second row,
0𝑤 + (1) 𝑥 + (5/6)𝑦 + (−1/3)𝑧 = 26/3
𝑥 = 10

In the first row,


(1)𝑤 + (1)𝑥 + (1/2)𝑦 + (0) 𝑧 = 5
𝑤 = −4

ii. Gauss-Jordan

Given:

Main Goal:
2 2 1 0 10 1 0 0 0 𝑎
[3 0 −1 1 |−11] → [0 1 0 0 |𝑏 ]
0 1 0 5 5 0 0 1 0 𝑐
−1 1 0 0 14 0 0 0 1 𝑑
Normalizing and Eliminating in the first column

1 1 1/2 0 5 𝑅′1 = 𝑅1 /2
[3 0 −1 1 |−11] |
0 1 0 5 5
−1 1 0 0 14
1 1 1/2 0 5
[0 −3 −5/2 1 −26] |𝑅′2 = 𝑅 2 − 3𝑅1
|
0 1 0 5 5 𝑅′3 = 𝑅 3
0 2 1/2 0 19 𝑅′4 = 𝑅4 + 𝑅 1

Normalizing and Eliminating in the second column


1 1 1/2 0 5
[0 1 5/6 −1/3 |26/3] |𝑅′2 = 𝑅 2/(−3)
0 1 0 5 5
0 2 1/2 0 19
1 0 −1/3 1/3 −11/3 𝑅′1 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2
0 1 5/6 −1/3 26/3
[ | ]|
0 0 −5/6 16/3 −11/3 𝑅′3 = 𝑅3 − 𝑅 2
0 0 −7/6 2/3 5/3 𝑅′4 = 𝑅4 − 2𝑅 2
Normalizing and Eliminating in the third column
1 0 −1/3 1/3 −11/3
0 1 5/6 −1/3 26/3
[ | ]|
0 0 1 −32/5 22/5 𝑅′3 = 𝑅 3/(−5/6)
0 0 −7/6 2/3 5/3

1 1 0 −9/5 −11/5 𝑅′1 = 𝑅 1 − (−1/3)𝑅 3


[0 1 0 5 | 5 ] 𝑅′2 = 𝑅 2 − (5/6)𝑅 3
0 0 1 −32/5 22/5 |
0 0 0 −34/5 34/5 𝑅′4 = 𝑅4 − ( −7/6)𝑅3

Normalizing and Eliminating in the fourth column

1 0 0 −9/5 −11/5
[0 1 0 5| 5 ] |
0 0 1 −32/5 22/5
0 0 0 1 −1 𝑅′4 = 𝑅4 /(−34/5)
1 0 0 0 −4 𝑅′1 = 𝑅1 − (−9/5)𝑅4
[0 1 0 0 | 10 ] | 𝑅′2 = 𝑅 2 − (5)𝑅4
0 0 1 0 −2 𝑅′3 = 𝑅 3 − (−32/5)𝑅4
0 0 0 1 −1

ANSWERS:
𝑤 = −4
𝑥 = 10
𝑦 = −2
𝑧 = −1

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