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Types of Circulation

There are two types of circulation in the body - pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. Pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated, and then back to the heart. Systemic circulation pumps oxygenated blood from the heart through arteries and capillaries to tissues throughout the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Blood flows continuously through these two circuits via the heart in a cycle that provides oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes carbon dioxide and waste.

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69 views

Types of Circulation

There are two types of circulation in the body - pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. Pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated, and then back to the heart. Systemic circulation pumps oxygenated blood from the heart through arteries and capillaries to tissues throughout the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Blood flows continuously through these two circuits via the heart in a cycle that provides oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removes carbon dioxide and waste.

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TYPES OF CIRCULATION

The circulatory system is composed of two


circulatory paths. (1) Pulmonary
Circulation, the circuit through the lungs
where blood is oxygenated and (2)
Systemic Circulation, the circuit through
the rest of the body to provide oxygenated
blood. The two circuits are linked to each
other through the heart, creating a
continous cycle of blood through the body.

PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood from the
heart to the lungs for oxygenation, then back to the heart
again. Oxygen- depleted blood from the body leaves the
systemic circulation when it enters the right atrium
through the superior and inferior venae cavae. The blood
is then pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right
ventricle. From the right ventricle, blood is pumped
through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary
artery. The pulmonary artery splits into the right and left
pulmonary arteries and travel to each lung. At the lungs,
the blood travels through capillary beds onto the alveoli
where exchange ocurrs, removing carbon dioxide and
adding oxygen to the blood. The oxygenated blood then
leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins, which returns
it to the left atrium, completing the pulmonary circuit.

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
Systemic Circulation is the movement of blood from the
heart through the body to provide oxygen and nutrients to
the tissues of the body while bringing deoxygenated blood
back to the heart. Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium
from the pulmonary veins. The blood is then pumped
through the mitral (bicuspid valve) into the left ventricle.
From the left ventricle, blood is pumped through the
aortic valve and into the Aorta, thye body’s largest artery.
Thge arteries branch into smaller arteries called arterioles
and finally capillaries. Gas and nutrient exchange with the
tissues occur within the capillaries that run through the
tissues.Waste and carbon dioxide diffuse out the cell into
the blood, while oxygen and glucose in blood diffuses in
out of the blood and into the cell. Deoxygenated blood
continues through capillaries which merge into venules,
then veins and finally to the venae cavae, which drain into
the right atrium of the heart.
Blood Vessels have a wide range of different sizes and
structures, depending on their role in the body.

ARTERY
Oxygenated blood is pump from the heart along arteries,
which are muscular. Arteries divide like tree branches
until they are slender. The largest artery is the Aorta,
which connects to the heart and picks up oxygenated
blood from the left ventricle. The only artery that picks
up deoxygenated blood is the pulmonary artery, which
runs between.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTERIES
1. Thick walled.
2. Elastic, expand to carry blood.
3. Blood under high pressure.
4. No valves needed, artery walls contract to move
blood.
5. Carry blood away from the heart.
6. Carry oxygenated blood,except pulmonary artery.

VEINS
Veins have one way valves instead of muscles, to stop
blood from running back the wrong way. Veins carry
deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart. Where
it can be sent to the lungs. The pulmonary vein is the
only vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to
the heart.
Veins have one way valves instead of muscles, to stop
blood from running back the wrong way. Veins carry
deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart. Where
it can be sent to the lungs. The pulmonary vein is the
only vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to
the heart.

CAPILLARIES
The arterioles eventually divide down into the smallest
blood vessel, the capillary. Capillaries are so small that
blood cells can only move through them one at a time.
Oxygen and food nutrients pass from these capillaries to
the cells. Capillaries are also connected to venules, so
wastes from the cells can be transferred to the blood.

BLOOD
Blood is a liquid called plasma, with red cells, white blood
cells, and platelets floating in it. The volume of blood in
the body is different depending on the person. It
depends mainly on body size. Men on average have 5-6
litres and women 4-5 litres. Blood is made up of 55%
plasma and 45% formed elements. The formed elements
are red blood cells called erythrocytes, white blood cells
called leukocytes, and platelets called thrombocytes.

PLASMA
Plasma is a yellowish liquid. It is mostly water. It contains
dissolved substances: salts and calcium, nutrients
including glucose, hormones, carbon dioxide and other
waste from our body cells.

RED BLOOD CELLS


Red blood cells are oxygen carriers. They contain a red
substance called haemoglobin,which combines readily with
oxygen, Haemoglobin gives the cells their red colour. Red blood
cells are made in the red marrow of our long bones,
sternum,ribs and vertebrae. They have no nucleus and last for
about 120 days.
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
White blood cells defend your body against disease. They
are larger than red blood cells, and have a nucleus. There
are different kinds of white blood cells, all doing different
jobs. Example, white cells called phagocytes eat germs.
Other white cells make antibodies.  White cells are made
in your red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen.
There are fewer white blood cells than red blood cells.
But when you are sick, more white cells are produced to
help you fight infection.

PLATELETS
These are made in our bone marrow. They stick to each
other easily. Their main job is to stop thye body from
losing blood. Clots are produced when a blood vessel is
damaged.  It work with fibrinogen to made blood clot.

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
1. Transportation 
2. Protection
3. Temperature regulation
4. Maintaining body’s equilibrium

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