@= g]kfnL Nep.

002
ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsf -k|Zg of]hgf_
sIff M !@
k"0ff{ª\s &% ;do # 306f

j|m=; k/LIf0fLo k|Zgsf] 1fg af]w Jofj pRr ;f]lwg] pQ/ cª\s :ki6Ls/0f
= kf7\oj:t' k|s[lt xfl/s bIftf k|Zg lbg'kg]{ ef/
-k9fO / l;k k|Zg
n]vfO_
!= cIf/ klxrfg ! ! ! # a9Ldf tLg jfSo ePsf] Ps cg'R5]b lbO{
;+/rgf / k|of]u ltgdf % cIf/;Ddsf tLgcf]6f zAbdf
klxrfg /]vfª\sg u/L ltgsf] cIf/ ;+/rgf / cIf/
;ª\Vof n]Vg nufpg]
@= j0f{ljGof; k'gn]{vg ! ! ! # j0f{–-
a÷j÷z÷if÷;÷o÷P÷g÷0f÷5÷If÷1÷UoF_
af6–@, dfqf–-x|:j–Osf/÷psf/af6–!,bL3{–
O{sf/ ÷pmsf/af6–!_ u/L hDdf–@, n]Vo
lrx\g –! / kbof]u÷kbljof]u –! u/L hDdf
^ cf]6f cz'l4 ePsf a9Ldf tLg jfSosf]
Pp6f cg'R5]b lbg] / z'4 u/L k'gn]{vg
u/fpg]
#= zAbe08f/ klxrfg @ @ ! @ sDtLdf b'O{cf]6f k|fljlws÷kfl/eflifs zAb /
/ k|of]u b'O{cf]6f cg's/0ffTds zAb k|of]u ePsf]
cg'R5]b lbO{ Pscf]6f k|fljlws÷kfl/eflifs
zAb / Pscf]6f cg's/0ffTds zAb klxrfg
ug{ nufO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug{ nufpg] cyjf
sDtLdf b'O{cf]6f pvfg / b'O{cf]6f 6'Ssf
k|of]u ePsf] cg'R5]b lbO{ Ps Pscf]6f pvfg
/ 6'Ssf klxrfg ug{ nufP/ jfSodf k|of]u
ug{ nufpg]
$= kbju{ klxrfg ! ! ! # Pp6f cg'R5]b lbO{ gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f,
lj|mofkbaf6 rf/cf]6f / cJooju{af6 b'O{cf]6f
u/L hDdf 5cf]6f zAbsf] kbju{ klxrfg ug{
nufpg] . o;df sDtLdf Pp6f zAb rflxF ju{
ljrng ePsf] lbg] .
%= zAb;|f]t klxrfg ! ! ! @ Pp6f cg'R5]b lbO{ To;af6 tT;d, tb\ej /
cfuGt'sdWo] j'mg} b'O{ cfwf/af6 ag]sf b'O{
b'O{ zAb klxrfg ug{ nufpg]
^= zAblgdf{0f klxrfg @ @ ! # -s_ tT;d, tb\ej tyf cfuGt's ;|f]tsf tLg
/ k|of]u pk;u{ / tT;d tyf tb\ej ;|f]tsf tLg
k|Too lbO{ zAb agfpg nufpg] jf pk;u{ /
k|Toosf] of]un] ag]sf sDtLdf rf/cf]6f
pk;u{ Jo'TkGg / rf/cf]6f k|Too Jo'TkGg
zAb ePsf] cg'R5]b lbO{ To;af6 tLgcf]6f
pk;u{ Jo'TkGg / tLgcf]6f k|Too Jo'TkGg
zAb vf]hL lgdf{0f k|lj|mof b]vfpg nufpg]
-v_ rf/cf]6f ;d:t / rf/cf]6f låTj zAb
ePsf] Ps cg'R5]b lbO{ To;af6 tLgcf]6f
;d:t zAb / tLgcf]6f låTj zAb klxrfg
6
 u/L ltgsf] lgdf{0f k|lj|mof b]vfpg nufpg] .
&= sf/s / klxrfg @ @ ! $ -s_ 5'6\6f5'6\6} sf/s k|of]u ePsf] s'g}
ljelSt / ljifosf] j0f{g ul/Psf] a9Ldf rf/ jfSosf]
tyf zAb kl/jt{g Ps cg'R5]b lbg] / k|o'St jfSodf ePsf
¿kfog cf7cf]6f sf/sdf /]vfª\sg u/L tL sf/ssf]
gfd n]Vg nufpg] jf 5'6\6f5'6\6} cf7cf]6f
ljelSt lbO{ ltgsf] k|of]u u/]/ rf/ jfSodf
s'g} ljifosf] j0f{g ug{ nufpg]
-v_ rf/cf]6f jfSosf] cg'R5]b lbO{ lnª\u,
jrg, k'?if, cfb/dWo] s'g} Ps cfwf/df
¿kfog ug{ nufpg]
*= sfn, kIf, klxrfg, @ @ ! $ -s_ sfn, kIf / efjdWo] s'g} Pssf] k|of]u
efj, k|of]u / u/]/ rf/ jfSodf s'g} ljifosf] j0f{g u/L
s/0f÷ jfSofGt/ cg'R5]b n]Vg nufpg] .
cs/0f, 0f -v_ st{[, sd{ / efjdWo] j'mg} Ps jfRosf
jfRo rf/cf]6f jfSo lbO{ csf]{ jfSodf kl/jt{g ug{
nufpg] jf rf/cf]6f jfSosf] cg'R5]b lbO{
w'|jLotfsf cfwf/df jfSo kl/jt{g ug{
nufpg]
(= jfSo klxrfg @ @ ! $ -s_ s'g} cf7cf]6f ;/n jfSo lbO{ To;nfO{
;+Zn]if0f / rf/cf]6f hl6n jfSodf ;+Zn]if0f ug{ nufpg]
tyf jfSo jfSofGt/ jf s'g} rf/cf]6f hl6n jfSo lbO{ ltgnfO{{
ljZn]if0f 0f cf7cf]6f ;/n jfSodf ljZn]if0f ug{ nufpg]
/ plSt jf rf/cf]6f ;/n jfSo ePsf] cg'R5]b lbO{
kl/jt{g Pp6f jfSodf ;+Zn]if0f ug{ nufpg]
-v_ s'g} rf/cf]6f k|ToIf sygsf jfSo lbO{
ltgnfO{ ck|ToIf sygdf abNg nufpg] jf
s'g} rf/cf]6f ck|ToIf sygsf jfSo lbO{
ltgnfO{ k|ToIf sygdf abNg nufpg]
!)= k7gaf]w - ! ! ! % b[i6f+z÷cb[i6f+z k|of]hgk/s kf7af6 !&%
k|of]hgk/ zAbdf g36fO{ uBf+z lbO{ tYok/s,
s /rgf_ lgisiff{Tds, cg'dfgfTds / ;Gbe{af]ws
kfFrcf]6f k|Zg ;f]Wg]
!!= a'Fbfl6kf]6 a'Fbfl6kf]6 ! ! ! @±#Ö b[i6f+z÷cb[i6f+z uBf+zsf] s'g} Ps
/ / % cg'R5]baf6 k|d'v rf/cf]6f a'Fbfl6kf]6 ug{
;ª\If]kLs/ ;ª\If]kLs nufpg] / Ps t[tLof+zdf ;f/f+z n]Vg
0f /0f nufpg]

!@= Jofjxfl/s /rgf @ @ ! $ -s_ lgj]bg, Jofj;flos kq, ;DkfbsnfO{

n]vg lr7L, ;"rgf, lj1lKt / lj1fkgdWo] s'g}
-kq_ Pp6f k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg nufpg]
-v_] dGh'/Lgfdf, ekf{O{, td;'s, ;Demf}tf kq,
÷s/f/gfdf, a}7s lg0f{o, JolStut
ljj/0fdWo] s'g} Pp6f k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg
nufpg]
!#= k|ltj]bg cleJo @ @ ! % -s_ lgwf{l/t 9fFrfdf 36gf, ;df/f]x, :ynut
n]vg jf lSt e|d0fdWo] s'g} Ps ljifodf !%) zAbdf
l6Kk0fL g36fO{ Pp6f k|ltj]bg n]Vg nufpg]
n]vg -v_ s'g} Ps ljifodf !%) zAbdf g36fO{
l6Kk0fL n]Vg nufpg]

7
!$= JofVof ;Gbe{df @ @ ! $ lgwf{l/t sljtf, syf, lgaGw, hLjgL, lgofqf,
cfwfl/t l/kf]tf{h / ¿ks kf7af6 s'g} p4/0f jf c+z
lbO{ b'Oc{ f]6f k|Zg ;f]wL j'mg} Pp6fsf] pQ/
n]Vg nufpg]
!%= ;flxlTos ;Gbe{df @ @ ! $ lgwf{l/t sljtf, syf, lgaGw, hLjgL, lgofqf,
/rgfsf] cfwfl/t l/kf]tf{h / ¿ks kf7af6 s'g} p4/0f jf c+z
k7gaf]w ;ª\lIfKt lbO{ b'O{ k|Zg ;f]Wg] / Pp6fsf] dfq pQ/ n]Vg
k|Zg nufpg] -k|To]s k|Zgleq b'O{cf]6f pkk|Zg
/xg] 5g\ ._

!^= k|ltlj|mof k|ltlj|mof @ @ ! $ -s_ lgwf{l/t kf7af6 ljifoj:t', efj, kl/j]z,

jf tfls{s Tds tyf ;Gb]z, rl/qdWo] s'g} Ps k|Zg ;f]wL
n]vg tfls{s k|ltlj|mof n]Vg nufpg]
k|Zg -v_ lgwf{l/t ljwfsf s'g} k|;ª\u lbO{ ljrf/
tyf ts{n] k'li6 ug]{ vfnsf] pQ/ n]Vg
nufpg]
!&= kf7ut ;dLIffTd @ @ ! * pkGof;, syf, sljtf, lgaGw, hLjgLaf6
af]w s k|Zg ljifoj:t', kfq, kl/j]z, d"nefj cflb;Fu
;DalGwt b'O{cf]6f k|Zg ;f]Wg] / s'g} Ps
k|Zgsf] ;dLIffTds pQ/ n]Vg nufpg]

!*= lgaGw :jtGq # # ! * cfTdk/s / j:t'k/s z}nLsf tLgcf]6f

n]vg /rgf zLif{s lbO{ s'g} Ps ljifodf Go"gtd @%)
zAb;Ddsf] Pp6f lgaGw n]Vg nufpg]
hDdf #! !* &%
b|i6Jo
-s_ 1fg M o;df k|f/lDes l;sfOsf s'/f k5{g\ . ljlzi6 tYo, k'gM :d/0f, k|fKt ;"rgf / k|ltlj|mofsf] d"Nofª\sg ug]{
vfnsf k|Zgx¿ o;cGtu{t ;f]lwg] 5g\ .
-v_ af]w M ljBfyL{n] l;s]sf s'/fsf] JofVof / j0f{g ug]{ Ifdtfsf] d"Nofª\sg ug]{ vfnsf k|Zgx¿ o;cGtu{t ;f]lwg]
5g\ .
-u_ Jofjxfl/s l;k M o;df k|of]u ug]{ / ;+of]hg ug]{ h:tf Jofjxfl/s Ifdtf;DaGwL k|Zgx¿ ;f]lwg] 5g\ .
-3_ pRr bIftf M ljrf/sf] ;+of]hg / d"Nofª\sg ug]{ Ifdtf ;DaGwL k|Zgx¿ o;cGtu{t ;f]lwg] 5g\ .

8
 gd'gf k|Zg
clgjfo{ g]kfnL Nep. 002
sIff– !@ k"0ff{ª\s– &%
;do– # 306f
ljBfyL{n] ;s];Dd cfˆg} zAbdf pQ/ lbg'kg]{ 5 .
!= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\sg ul/Psf zAbsf] cIf/ ;+/rgf / cIf/ ;ª\Vof b]vfpg'xf];\ M -#_
;/f]j/df :gfgkl5 z'rLeb|n] bdoGtLnfO{ sfnf] wf]tL / b's'nsf] cf]8\g] lbof] . ef]hgkZrft\ Tof] ;fy{n] lgs}
a]/;Dd ToxL ;/f]j/5]p lj>fd u¥of] . lj>fd ubf{ 3f]8f / ufO{uf]?x¿nfO{ ;d]t g'xfOlbP/ rg{ otfplt
5f]l8of] .
@= z'4 u/L k'gn]{vg ug'{xf];\ M -#_
xfd|f] cfjfhnfO{ k5\ofpFb} ;fyLx¿ 8fF8fdf lgl:s;s]kl5 d}n] eg]F, l56f] lxF8\g g;Sg] ;fyLrflxF b'O{ hgf
el/ofx¿ l;t lj:tf/L cfpg'xf];\, xfdL ltg hgf rflxF b'u'b}{ kf]v/f hfG5f}F clg vfgfsf] Joj:yf ldnfpF5f}F .
h:t} cj:yfdf klg / hlt /ft k/] klg tkfO{Fx? cj:o cfOk'Ug'xf]nf .
#= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -@_
-s_ lbOPsf c+zaf6 Pscf]6f kfl/eflifs zAb / Pscf]6f cg's/0ffTds zAb klxrfg u/L jfSodf k|of]u
ug'{xf];\ M
sfof{nosf] a]?h' /sd a9]kl5 pm dfgl;s cGtå{Gådf km:of] . To;kl5 sfo{sIfaf6 h'?Ss p7]/ ;'6'Ss
3/lt/ nfUof] .
-v_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 Pp6f pvfg / Pp6f 6'Ssf klxrfg u/L ltgnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M
ufpFdf PsflS; dxfljklQ k¥of] . o:tf] j]nf klg tdf;f x]g]{ / sfgdf t]n xfn]/ a:g]sf] sdL ePg . tLdWo]
s]xLn] eg] cfˆgf] ufF; sf6]/ eP klg arfP . of] s'/f Ps sfg b'O{ sfg d}bfg e}mF ;a}lt/ km}lnof] . l5d]sL,
Oi6ldq ;a}sf] ;xof]un] Psn] y'sL ;'sL ;on] y'sL gbL eg] em}F x'Fb} uof] . cfk"m enf] t hut\ enf] eGg]
egfOnfO{ cGttM ;xof]uL dgn] rl/tfy{ u/]/} 5f8] .
$= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\sg ul/Psf zAbsf] zAbju{ klxrfg ug'{xf];\ M -#_
…lhGbuLdf lk/afx]s ;'v sxfF b]Vg kfpF5' / Û ;xf/f, ;'/Iff / dfof u'dfPsL dfG5]sf] cg'xf/ s;/L pHoflng
;S5 / < 5f]/f5f]/L ;fgf 5g\ . cfkm}F ;f]Rg';\, oqf] nfdf] lhGbuL lnP/ d s;/L afr"F < oL ljifo ;f]Rbf dnfO{
k6\of/ nfU5ÚÚ ;':s]/f xfNb} d}n] eg]F .
%= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 b'O{cf]6f tT;d zAb / b'O{cf]6f cfuGt's zAb klxrfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ M -@_
cIftf x]/] em}F 6k/Lsf kmfOn x]b}{ xf8{l8:sdf /fVb} ug{ yfNof] PlG6efO/; uf]v]{ . cfwfhlt k'¥ofPkl5 /fIf;
h:tf] l3gnfUbf] b]lvg] efO/; e]6\of] . tL efO/;n] nueu rf/ ;o kmfOndf ;ª\j|md0f u/]sf lyP . y'k|} kmfOn
dd{t eP, dd{t x'g g;s]sfnfO{ PlG6efO/; uf]v]{n] l8ln6 ug]{ ;'emfj lbof] .

9
^= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -#_
-s_ tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 tLgcf]6f pk;u{ Jo'TkGg zAb / tLgcf]6f k|Too Jo'TkGg zAb klxrfg u/L ltgsf]
lgdf{0f k|lj|mof b]vfpg'xf];\ M
u|fdL0f e]usf] t'ngfdf ;xl/of dflg; ljnf;L x'G5g\ . ;w}F kl/>d u/]/ afFRg] ufpFn] hLjg st{Jon] el/Psf]
x'G5 . ;fbf cfr/0f ePsf pgLx¿ ;a}df ;xefj /fV5g\ .
-v_ tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 tLgcf]6f ;d:t zAb / tLgcf]6f låTj zAb klxrfg u/L ;d:t zAbsf] lju|x / låTj
zAbsf] bf]xf]l/Psf] c+z b]vfpg'xf];\ M
sf]le8sf sf/0f aGbfaGbLsf] ;dodf 3/aflx/ glg:sg lgif]wf1f hf/L u/] tfklg cfcfˆgf ;'/df ;x/ahf/sf
l76fl76L cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ul//x]sf b]lvGy] . ljZj g} /f]uu|:t ePsf j]nf o;/L a]sfddf n'v'/n'v'/ u/L uNnL8'n'jf
eO{ lxF8\g' /fd|f] xf]Og .
&= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -$_
-s_ n], nfO{, af6, åf/f, b]lv, sf], gf], df ljelSt nfu]sf leGg leGg sf/ssf] k|of]u u/L rf/ jfSodf s'g}
36gfsf] j0f{g ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ ;fdfGo cfb/df ¿kfGt/0f u/L k'gn]{vg ug'{xf];\ M
tkfO{F cfh klg st} hfg'x'G5 ls < clxn]sf] ;dodf o;/L aflx/lt/ 3'Dg glg:sg'xf];\ . 3/leq} a;]/ Jofofd
ug'{xf];\ . a? lstfa k9\g'xf];\, syf n]Vg'xf];\ .
*= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -$_
-s_ tnsf lbOPsf jfSosf] jfRo kl/jt{g ug'{xf];\ M
o;kfln Hff8f] labfdf kf]v/f 3'Dg hfG5f}F . kf]v/fsf] n]s;fO8sf] l/;f]6{df a:5f}F . a]ugf; / km]jftfndf 8'ª\uf
klg r9\5f}F . tLg lbgsf] a;fOkl5 cfcfˆgf] 3/ kms{G5f}F .
-v_ OR5fy{s lj|mofkbsf] k|of]u u/L rf/ jfSodf cfˆgf] ;fyLsf] sfo{ ;kmntfsf] j0f{g ug'{xf];\ .
(= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -$_
-s_ tnsf rf/cf]6f hl6n jfSonfO{ cf7cf]6f ;/n jfSodf ljZn]if0f ug'{xf];\ M
o'jf sfdsf] vf]hdf ljb]z uP t/ pgLx¿n] ;f]r] h:tf] sfd kfPgg\ . hLjg ;'wf/sf nflu w]/} k|of; u/]
tfklg ;d:of lhpFsf ltpF g} /x\of] . ha /fi6«n] Tof] ;d:of yfxf kfof] ta o'jfnfO{ ljb]zaf6 lemsfO{
:j/f]huf/L agfof] . ljb]z hfg]sf] ;ª\Vofdf pNn]Vo sdL cfof] clg ljb]z hfg]sf] cfsif{0f 36\of] .
-v_ tnsf jfSonfO{ ck|ToIf sygdf kl/jt{g ug'{xf];\ M
5f]/fn] eGof], æcfdf, alxgL slt jif{sL eO{ <Æ
cfdf, ætLg jif{sL eO{ .Æ
5f]/f, æca p;nfO{ slxn] ljBfno k7fpg] <Æ
cfdf, æltdLn] j]n}df ;Demfof}, o;} jif{b]lv k7fpg] .Æ
!)= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L cGTodf ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -% â !Ö%_
;+;f/sf] ;[li6 slxn] eof] < s;/L eof] < s]af6 eof] < ;[li6 x'g'eGbf cl3 s] lyof] < cflb k|Zg k|foM ;a}
JolStsf nflu lh1f;fsf ljifo x'g\ . o;}n] ;[li6;DaGwL ljleGg b[li6sf]0f k|:t't x'g' :jfefljs} xf] .
;[li6;DaGwL k|:t't ePsf ljleGg b[li6sf]0fdWo] k"jL{o jfª\dosf j}lbs u|Gy / cfw'lgs ef}lts zf:qLsf]
10
;[li6;DaGwL b[li6sf]0f lgs} ldNbf]h'Nbf] b]lvG5 . cfw'lgs ef}lts zf:qLn] a|x\df08sf] pTklQ ;jf{lws 3gTjsf]
cj:yfdf /x]sf] s'g} laGb'af6 ePsf] / To;sf] cGTo klg To:t} laGb'df x'g] atfPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] ;jf{lws
3gTjdf /x]sf] To; laGb'nfO{ ANofsxf]n eg]sf 5g\ . ef}lts zf:qL cfOG:6fOgn] ANofsxf]nsf] clwstd u'?Tj
zlStsf sf/0f To;leq l5/]sf] k|sfz;d]t aflx/ glg:sg] / To;n] ;a} lrh cfkm"df ;dflxt ug]{ ePsfn]
To;sf] ef/ a9\5 eGg] wf/0ff /fv]sf lyP . kl5 xlsªn] clws u'?Tj zlStn] ubf{ ANofsxf]nleq x/]s lrh
v'lDrP/ vfFlbP/ /x]sf x'g] / cem v'DrFb} hfFbf To;af6 ljls/0f pT;h{g x'g] / la:tf/} ANofs xf]n gi6 x'g]
atfP . /]l8o;g pT;h{g gubf{ rflxF dxflj:kmf]6g eP/ To;af6 gofF a|x\df08sf] ;[li6 klg x'g ;Sg] ljrf/
JoSt u/] . ef}lts zf:qLsf] of] dfGotf …CUj]bÚ sf] ;[li6;DaGwL b[li6;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] b]lvG5 . …CUj]bÚ df
…;[li6k"j{ cGwsf/af6 9flsPsf] ;3g cGwsf/ lyof] . To;leq cfˆgf] zlStk'~haf6 lgld{t Ps cToGt
pmhf{zLn tŒj lyof] . oxL tŒjaf6 rf/}lt/ km}lnPsf] ls/0f g} kbfy{df kl/0ft eO{ ;+;f/sf] ;[li6 eof]Ú
elgPsf] 5 . …CUj]bÚ df elgPsf] cGwsf/af6 9flsPsf] pmhf{zLn tŒj ef}lts zf:qLn] eg]sf] ;jf{lws
3gTjsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] laGb';Fu ldNb5 . …CUj]bÚ df pNn]v ul/Psf] oxL ultzLn / phf{zLn tŒjnfO{
j]bfGt bz{gn] lgu'{0f, lg/fsf/ a|x\d eg]sf] 5 . j]bfGt bz{gdf dfs'/fn] cfˆgf] ;fgf] z/L/af6 7'nf] hfnf] a'g]/
k'gM cfkm"df ljnLg ug{ ;s] em}F lgu'{0f, lg/fsf/ / pmhf{k'~hsf ¿kdf /x]sf] a|x\d g} rf/}lt/ km}lnPsf] ls/0fsf
dfWodaf6 hLjghut\¿kdf kl/0ft x'G5 . k|nosfndf a|x\dn] g} ;ª\s'rgsf dfWodaf6 ;Dk"0f{ hLjg
hut\nfO{ k'gM cfkm"d} ;dflxt u5{ elgPsf] 5 . o;}n] j]bfGt bz{gdf ;[li6, l:ylt / k|nosf] sf/ssf ¿kdf
a|x\dnfO{ lnOPsf] 5 . ef}lts zf:qLn] klg ANofsxf]ndf /x]sf phf{zLn SjfG6d k'~hsf] lj:kmf]6g x'Fbf
a|x\df08 aGg] / ;ª\s'rg ePkl5 k'gM SjfG6d k'~hdf kl/0ft x'g] atfPsfn] ef}ltsjfbLn] dfg]sf] SjfG6d
k'~h / j]bfGt bz{gn] l:jsf/]sf] a|x\dlar lgs} ;dfgtf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . j]bfGt bz{gdf hLjghut\sf] ;[li6,
l:ylt / k|nosf] PsLs[t JofVof ug]{ …a|x\d;"qÚ /x] h:t} ef}lts zf:qL xlsª klg a|x\df08sf] pTklQ, ;+/rgf
/ k|nosf] PsLs[t JofVof ug]{ l;4fGt agfpg] k|oTgdf lyP . pgL o;df ;kmn x'g ;s]gg\ . pgn] pQ/jtL{
cg';Gwftfsf nflu dfu{lrq eg] sf]l/lbPsf 5g\ .
k|Zgx¿
-s_ cfw'lgs ef}lts zf:qLn] a|x\df08sf] ;[li6 s;/L ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ <
-v_ s]nfO{ j]bdf ;[li6sf] sf/s dflgPsf] 5 <
-u_ a|x\d / SjfG6d k'~hsf lar s:tf] ;dfgtf /x]sf] 5 <
-3_ j]bfGt bz{gdf ;[li6, l:ylt / k|nosf] PsLs[t JofVof s'g u|Gyn] u/]sf] 5 <
-ª_ cfOG:6fOgn] ANsxf]n;DaGwL s:tf wf/0ff cufl8 ;f/]sf 5g\ <
!!= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L d'Vo d'Vo rf/cf]6f a'Fbf l6kf]6 u/L ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ M -@±#Ö%_
;xsf/Lsf] pkfb]otf ;dfhsf x/]s If]qdf plQs} eP klg cfly{s ;d[l4 / ljsf;df o;sf] dxŒj lgs}
ljlzi6 /x]sf] 5 . ljsf;sf] d'Vo cfwf/ cfly{s ;d[l4 xf] . ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos cfly{s ;d[l4df
;xsf/Lsf] e"ldsf ckl/xfo{ 7fg]/ g} ;+;f/sf cljsl;t, ljsf;f]Gd'v / ljsl;t ;a} b]zn] ;xsf/Lsf] :yfkgf
/ ;~rfng ul//]xsf 5g\ . w]/} b]zn] ;xsf/Lsf dfWodaf6 cfly{s ;d[l4 xfl;n ul/;s]sf 5g\ . ;+o'St /fi6«
;ª\3n] klg ;xsf/LnfO{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts ljsf;sf] cfwf/:tDe :jLsf/ ub{} ;a} b]znfO{ o;sf
dfWodaf6 cfˆgf] b]zsf] ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ePsfn] o;sf] cg';/0f ug{ ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .
!@= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M -$_
-s_ :yfgLo :jf:Yo s]Gb|n] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ sf]/f]gf efO/; lj?4sf] vf]k nufpg hf/L ug]{
;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] gd'gf tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .

11
 -v_ …r08L PG8 ;G; 6«fG;kf]6{ sDkgLÚ n] sf7df8f}F l:yt …gjLg j:q e08f/Ú nfO{ ;fdfg a'emfO{ ?=
%),)))÷– e'StfgL lnP jfkt ul/lbPsf] e/kfO{sf] gd'gf tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .
!#= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M -%_
-s_ g]kfnsf s'g} Ps sljsf] :d[ltdf cfof]lht slj uf]i7Lsf] ljj/0f ;d]6]/ !%) zAb;Ddsf] k|ltj]bg
tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .
-v_ …g]kfnsf] s[lif k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/sf] cfjZostfÚ zLif{sdf !%) zAb;Ddsf] l6Kk0fL n]Vg'xf];\ .
!$= s'g} Pssf] JofVof ug'{xf];\ M -$_
-s_ xf], Tof] cfpF5
Tof] laxfgsf] ;"o{ em}F pHofnf] 5b{} cfpF5 .
-v_ gf/L k|]d / ;ª\3if{sf k|ltd"lt{ x'g\ .
!%= s'g} b'O{ k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M -$_
-s_ tnsf] sljtf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
dg}{k5{ eg] klg k/ k'uL d/f}F
ge'mSg] of] lxdfndf lsg em'sL d/f}F
hlt r9\of] plt afFsL lxdr'nL lzv/
gb]v]sf] s'/f x]g]{ xfdLnfO{ /x/ .
k|Zgx¿
-c_ dflysf] sljtf+zdf g]kfnLsf] s:tf] dfgl;stfsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 .
-cf_ g]kfnLn] lxdr'nLaf6 s:tf] k|]/0ff k|fKt u/]sf 5g\, dflysf] sljtf+zsf cfwf/df JofVof ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ tnsf] lgaGwf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ .
cfhsf] o'u k|lt:kwf{sf] o'u xf], Psflwsf/sf] xf]Og . xfdLn] /fd|f / pkof]uL j:t'sf] pTkfbg ug{ ;Sof}F eg]
ahf/sf] ;d:of x'Fb}g . ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] cfhsf] o'udf g]kfnL ;+;f/e/ 5l/P/ /x]sf 5g\ . ljZjsf] h'g;'s}
s'gfdf k'u] klg g]kfnLn] cfˆgf] df}lnstf / klxrfgnfO{ e'n]sf 5}gg\ . pgLx¿ pknAw eP;Dd cfˆgf df}lns
j:t'sf] pkef]u ug{ ?rfpF5g\ . cfh ljZje/ s[lqd / ljiffbLo'St vfgkfgsf sf/0f cg]s /f]u lglDtPsf 5g\
. g]kfn h:tf] k|s[ltsf] ;'Gb/ b]zdf xfdLn] cuf{lgs tyf k|fs[lts j:t'sf] pTkfbg ug{ ;Sof}F eg] xfd|f
pTkfbg ;+;f/e/ laSg] 5g\ . To;}n] k|lt:kwL{ ylkFb}df cflQg' kb}{g . ahf/sf] lj:tf/;Fu} s'g} Pp6f pBf]usf
pTkfbgn] dfq ;a}sf] dfu / cfjZostf k"/f ub}{g . s'g} Ps If]qdf :yflkt pBf]un] ;a}sf] rfxgf /
cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{ ;Dej 5}g .
k|Zgx¿
-c_ ljZjJofkLs/0fsf kmfObf / a]kmfObf n]Vg'xf];\ .
-cf_ lsg k|lt:kwL{ ylkFb}df cflQg' kb}{g elgPsf] xf] <
!^= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ ef}uf]lns cj:yf / ;fdflhs kl/j]zsf b[li6n] …3g3:ofsf] psfnf] sf6\bfÚ lgofqf tkfO{FnfO{ s:tf] nfUof],
k|ltlj|mof lbg'xf];\ .
12
-v_ …dft[TjÚ syfsL kfq ddtfn] ;'af]wnfO{ 5f]8]/ afFsL hLjg ;Gtfg;Fu latfpg u/]sf] lg0f{o tkfO{FnfO{
s:tf] nfUof], cfˆgf] ljrf/ k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . -$_
!&= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] ;dLIffTds pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M -*_
-s_ …Ps lrxfgÚ pkGof;df ;dfhsf] s:tf] cj:yfsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5, j0f{g ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ l:6kmg ljlnod xlsªn] dfgjLo r]tgfnfO{ gofF prfOdf k'¥ofpg u/]sf] of]ubfgsf] ;dLIff ug'{xf];\ .
!*= s'g} Ps zLif{sdf sDtLdf @%) zAb;Ddsf] lgaGw n]Vg'xf];\ M -*_
-s_ xfd|f kfx'gf ko{6s
-Vf_ j}1flgs rdTsf/
-u_ zflGt, ;d[l4 / ljsf;
–)–

13
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