ALCORCON ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER (Cebu Wain: 4* floor Coast Pacific Downtown Center, Sanciangko St, C2bu City Tel #(032) 254-33-84 ‘Manila: 3 floor JPD Bide 1955, CM Recto corner N. Reyes St, Sampaloc, Mania Tel # (02)736-4438 DAY 9 - POWER PLANT ENGINEERING PUMPS PROBLEM 1 A double suction centrifugal pumps delivers 70 ft?/sec of water at a head of 12 m and running at 1250 rpm. What is the specific speed of the pump? A. 5014 1pm B. 6453 rpm C. 2345 rpm D. 9968 rpm SOLUTION: nya ne Q = 70/2 ft3/sec x 7.481gal/1ft* x 60sec/Imin Q = 15710.10 gal/min h = 123,281 h = 39.37 ft 1250415710.10 937 N, = 9968.4 rpm PROBLEM 2 The pump centerline of a centrifugal pump is located 2.5 m above from the high tide level. The sea water varies two meters from high tide to low tide level. If friction loss at the suction is 0.8 m, determine the total suction head. A.5.30m B.230m C. 630m ——D. 8.23m SOLUTION: h, = total suction head b= 25+2+08 53mPROBLEM 3 A centrifugal pump requires 40 ft head to deliver water from low level to higher level. If pump speed is 1600 rpm, determine the impeller diameter of the centrifugal pump. A. 185mm B. 160mm C. 154mm. 176mm SOLUTION: v= a v= 28844073281) v = 15.466 m/sec v=nDN 15.466 = xD(1600/60) D = 0.18461 m 184.61 mm PROBLEM 4 The suction pressure of a pump reads 2 in. of mercury vacuum and discharge pressure reads 130 psi is use to deliver 100 gpm of water with specific volume of 0.0163 ft?/Ib. Determine the pump work. A.46KW B.S7KW C.7.4KW D. 8.4KW SOLUTION: -2in Hg x 101.325/29.92 - 6.773 Kpa = 130 psi x 101.325/14.7 896.071 Kpa =i 1/0163 61.35 Ib/ft? x 9.81/62.4 = 9.645 KN/m? P,P, = 89607 8645 = 93.075 m = 100 gal/min x 3.785Ii/1gal x 1m*/1000li x 1/60 0.006308 m?/sec P=wQh P = 9.645(0.006308)(93.075) P = 5.69 KW 773) Py Py w w w w h h h Q QPROBLEM 5 A pump is to deliver 150 gpm of water at ahead of 120 m. If pump efficiency is 70%, what is the horsepower rating of motor required to drive the pump? A. 40.44Hp B. 25.66Hp C. 3844Hp D. 21.33 Hp SOLUTION: Wp = wQh Wp = 9.81(150gal/min x 0.003785m?/1gal x 1/60)(120) Wp = 11.139 KW BP = 11.139/0.7 BP = 15.913 KW 21.33 hp PROBLEM 6 ‘A motor is used to drive a pump having an efficiency of 85% and 70% respectively. What is the combined efficiency of pump and motor? A. 59.50% B. 61.50% C. 62.50% D. 65.50% SOLUTION: Mconbined = Ne Nm Meonbines = 0.85(0.7) Mconbines = 59.50% PROBLEM 7 In a boiler feed pump, the enthalpy at the entrance is 765 Ki/kg. If pump has a head of 900 m, what is the exit enthalpy of the pump. A. 897 Ki/kg B. 465 KI/kg C. 774 KJ/kg D. 864 KI/kg SOLUTION: m(h - hi) = mxhx 0.00981 mh 2 hem hy - 765 = 900 x 0.00981 ho = 773.83 Ki/kePROBLEM 8 A submersible pump delivers 350 gpm of water to a height of 5 ft from the ground. The pump were installed 120 ft below the ground level and a draw down of & ft during the operation. if water level is 25 ft above the pump, determine the pump power. A.7.13KW B. 486KW C. 7.24KW OD. 864 KW SOLUTION: h = 5+ 120- (25-8) h = 108/3.281 h = 32.916m Q = 350 gal/min x 0.003785m?/gal x 1min/60sec Q = 0.02246 m?/sec W, = wQh 9.81(0.02246)(32.916) 7.25 KW PROBLEM 9 Determine the number of stages needed for a centrifugal pump ifit Is used to deliver 400 gal/min of water and pump power of 15 Hp. Each impeller develops a head of 38 ft. A6 B.4 C8 D7 SOLUTION: Wp = wQh 15x 0.746 = 9.81(400 gal/min x 0.00785m*/gal x 1/60)h hh = 45.20 mx 3.281ft/m h = 148.317 ft Number of stages = 148.317/38 Number of stages = 3.903 stages Number of stages ~ 4 stagesPROBLEM 10 A boiler feed pump receives 50 li/sec of water with specific volume of 0.00112 m?/kg at ahead of 750 m. What is the power output of driving motor if pump efficiency is 65%? A, 505.32 KW B. 643.54 KW C. 785.56 KW D. 356.45 KW SOLUTION: Wp = wQh Wp = (1/0.00112 x 0.00981)(0.050)(750) Wp = 328.46 KW BP = 328.46/0.65 BP = 505.32 KW PROBLEM 11 What power can a boiler feed pump can deliver a mass of 35 kg/s water at a head of S00 m? ‘A. 356.56 KW B. 354.54 KW C. 456.64 KW D. 171.67 KW SOLUTION: mxh x 0.00981 35 x 500x 0.00981 171.675 KW PROBLEM 12 ‘A pump running at 100 rpm delivers water against a head of 30 m. If pump speed will increased to 120 rpm, what is the increase in head? A. 43.2m B. 13.2m C. 346m D. 56.3m SOLUTION: Ja _(120)° 30 “(100 hz = 43.2m Increased = 43.2-30 Increased = 13.2mPROBLEM 13 ‘A pump is used to deliver 50 li/sec of sea water at a speed of 120 rpm. If speed will increased to 135 rpm, determine the increase in pump capacity. A. 56.25|i/secB. 34.56 li/secC. 87.54 li/secD. 6.260 li/sec SOLUTION: oN a," 8, 135 50” 720 Q = 56.25 li/sec Increased = 56.25-50 Increased = 6.25 li/sec PROBLEM 14 ‘A.15 KW motor running at 350 rom is used to drive a pump. If speed will changed to 370 rpm, what is the increase in power? A. 2.72KW B. 17.72 KW C. 5645 KW D. 5.67 KW SOLUTION: 17.72-15 2.72 KW IncreasedPROBLEM 15 certain pump is used to deliver 150 gpm of water having a density of 61.2 Ib/ft?. The suction and discharge gege reads 4 in Hg vacuum and 25 psi, respectively. The discharge gage is 2 ftabove the suction gage. What is the brake power of the motor if pump efficiency is 75%? A.3.24Hp B. 267Hp C. 5S.45Hp_—_D. 6.89 Hp SOLUTION: P, = -1.965 psi Pe = 25 psi 25 ~(-1.865), haa) v2 65.45 ft wah pp = (61.2190 /7.401)05.45) 34000(075) P= 3.24Hp PROBLEM 16 The discharge pipe of a pump is 400 mm in diameter delivers 0.5 m’/sec of water to a building which maintains pressure of 100 Kpa at a height of 30 m above the reservoir. If equivalent head is 2m, what power must be furnished by the pump? A. 211KW B. 480KW C. 340KW_D. 240 KW SOLUTION: Q=Axv 0.5 = (n/4x0.42)v 3.9788 m/sec h= ¥ Py, 2° w (3.9788? , 100 “2687)* ai * @°*?) h= 43m wQh 9.81(0.50)(43) 210.92 KWPROBLEM 17 A centrifugal pump is designed for 1800 rpm and head of 61 m. Determine the speed if impeller diameter is reduced from 305 mm to 254 mm. A. 1000 rpm B. 1250 rpm C. 1500 rpm D. 1600 rpm SOLUTION: & hy, hs fa Nee = 1499 rpm PROBLEM 18 Water from a reservoir A 10 m elevation is drawn by a motor driven pump to an upper reservoir B at 72 m elevation. Suction and discharge head loss are 0.15 m, respectively. For discharge rate of 15 |i/sec, find the power input to the motor if overall efficiency is 65%. A. 12.65KW B. 23.54KW C. 14.17 KW D. 45.35 KW SOLUTION: Wp = wQh h = (72-10)+0.15 h = 62.15m W, = 9.81(0.015)(62.15) We = 9.145 KW Power input = 9.145/0.65 Power input = 14.07 KWPROBLEM 19 The elevation of suction reservoirs 5 m above the pump centerline and delivers to 85 m elevation tank which maintain 150 Kpa. If 1.5 m?/sec of water is used to deliver a total head of 3m, determine the power needed by the pump. A. 1446KW B. 2567KW C. 4675 KW D. 3456 KW SOLUTION: = (85-5) +3 + 150/9.81 98.29 m wah = 9.81(1.5)(98.29) 1446.34 KW wuss PROBLEM 20 Water from a reservoir is pumped over a hill through a pipe 900 mm in diameter and a pressure of one kg/cm? is maintained at the pipe discharge where the pipe is 85 m from the pump centerline. The pump have a positive suction head of 5 m. Pumping rate of the pump at 1000 rpm is 1.5 m?/sec. Friction losses is equivalent to 3 m of head loss. What amount of energy must be furnished by the pump in KW? A. 1372kw BB. 1523kw = C. 1234 kw OD. 1723 kw SOLUTION: ve = Q/A ve = —18__ (140.9? ve = 2.358 m/sec Py = 1 kg/cm? x 101.325/1.033 = 98.088 Kpa P, = O(open to atmosphere) pF. 2h)« = 85—5)+ AOS) 34 CA OF 981 29.81) h = 93.28m Water Power Water Power wQh = 9.81(1.5)(93.28) 1372.6 KWPROBLEM 21 Water from a reservoir is pumped over a hill through a pipe 450 mm in diameter and a pressure of 1 kg/cm? is maintained at the summit. Water discharge is 30 m above the reservoir. The quantity pumped is 0.5 m*/sec. Frictional losses in the discharge and suction pipe and pumps equivalent to 1.5 m head loss. The speed of the pump is 800 rpm what amount of energy must be furnished by the pump, KW? A. 202 B. 206 c. 208 D. 208 SOLUTION: vs = Q/A = 05 (x14y0.457 3.104 m/sec LO kg/cm? x 101.325/1.033 = 98.088 Kpa P,P, vg v2 He yz) (ES) hy thy) 98.088 -0, , 5, (2.1447 ~ (0? 987 208) Pe h = (20)+¢ h=42m wah 9.81(0.5)(42) 206 kw Water power Water power Water power PROBLEM 22 Water from an open reservoir A at 8 m elevation is drawn by 2 motor-driven pump to an open reservoir B at 70m elevation. The inside diameter of the suction pipe is 200 mm and 150 mm for the discharge pipe. The suction line has a loss of head three times that of the velocity head in the 200 mm pipe. The discharge line has a loss of head twenty times that of the velocity head in the discharge pipeline. The pump centerline is at 4 m. Overall efficiency of the system is 78%. For a discharge rate of 10 li/sec, find the power input to the motor and the pressure gage rea installed just at the outlet and inlet of the pump in Kpag. A.33dkw B.S45kw C. 659k D. 7.84kw SOLUTION: = vs = Q/A v, = —0.010__ = 0.31831 m/sec (40.27 an ve = Q/A vg = 2010 = 0.566 m/sec (14 \(0.15)(0.31831)? hu = a 0.01549 m 20.81) hus P,P, veeve Be Cagney tg) h = (66 ~ 4) + 0+ (0.01549 + 0.3264) + {0-580 — (0.91691), 2981) h = 62.35m Water Power = wQh Water Power = 0.010(9.81)(62.353) Water Power = 6.12 KW Power Input = 6.12/0.78 Power Input = 7.84 KW AIRCOMPRESSOR PROBLEM 1 ‘An air compressor takes air at 100 Kpa and discharges to 600 Kpa. If the volume flow of discharge is 1.2 m3/sec, determine the capacity of air compressor. A. 432 mi/secB. 3.33 m/sec C. 6.85 m/sec D. 7.42 m#/sec SOLUTION: Pia" = Po V2" n 4 (for standard air) 100(V.)4 = (600)(2.2)!4 Vi = 4.315 m’/secPROBLEM 2 The discharge pressure of an air compressor is 5 times the suction pressure. If volume flow at suction is 0.1 m?/sec, what is the compressor power assuming n= 1.35 and suction pressure is 98 Kpa? A. 21.67KW B. 19.57KW C. 25.87KW D. 10.45 KW SOLUTION: wale 135-1 we vg alam 135-1 W = 19.57 kw PROBLEM 3 410 Hp motor is use to drive an air compressor. The compressor efficiency is 75%. Determine the compressor work. A.5.0KW B.6SKW C.7.6KW _D. S.GKW SOLUTION: — Breke Power 0.75 = _W_ 10x0.746 W = 5.59 KW ne = PROBLEM 4 The initial condition of air in an air compressor is 98 Kpa and 27°C and discharges air at 400 Kpa. The bore and stroke are 355 mm and 381 mm, respectively with percent clearance of 5% running at 300 rpm. Find the volume of air at suction. ‘A. 600 m’/hr B. 610 m’/hr C. 620m°/hr D. 630m?/hr SOLUTION: i -c{P2) weite &) nv = 1+0.05 - 0.05(400/98)4 ny = 0.913 Vo = 1/4D7LN Vo = 1/4 (0.355)*(0.381](300/60) Vo = 0.1885 m?/sec Vi = Voxn, = 0.1885(0.913) = 0.17215 m3/sec = 619.75 m'/hrPROBLEM 5 An air compressor has a suction volume of 0.25 m?/sec at 97 Kpa and discharges to 650 Kpa. How much power saved by the compressor if there are two stages? A. 827KW B. 6S4KW C.3.86KW D. 10.0KW SOLUTION: For single stage: we Me mt w = sr [gop |= on. x For two stages: Px = PP, = J97650) = 251.097 Kpa w 2NANETNO.25) (953 097/97) 1 — = 53 KW we 14-4 Power Saved = 61.28-53 = 8.27KW PROBLEM 6 The suction condition of an air compressor is 98 Kpa, 27°C and 0.2 m?/sec. If surrounding air is 100 Kpa and 20°C, determine the free air capacity in m?/sec. A. 0.15 B. 0.19 c 0.25 D. 0.23 SOLUTION: 980.2) (20+273) (274273) Ve = 0.1914 m?/secPROBLEM 7 A355 mm x 381 mm air compressor has a piston displacement of 0.1885 m3/sec. Determine the operating speed of the compressor. A. 250rpm —B. 300rpm_—C. 350rpm_—_D. 6O0rpm SOLUTION: Vo = 7/47 LN 0.1885 = 1/4 (0.355)(0.381)N N = 5 rev/secx 60sec/min N = 300rpm PROBLEM 8 Determine the percent clearance of an air compressor having 87% volumetric efficiency and compressor air pressure to be thrice the suction pressure. A. 5% B. 7% C. 15% D. 11% SOLUTION: ny = 1+-c(Pa/Ps) 0.87 = 1+¢-c(3P,/P,)34 c= 10.91% PROBLEM 9 The compressor work of anair compressors 100 KW. If the piston speed is 15 m’/min, determine the mean effective pressure. ‘A. 200Kpa B. 300KpaC. 400Kpa __D. 600 Kpa SOLUTION: W = PmX Vb 100 = Pn(15/60) Pm = 400 KpaPROBLEM 10 A double acting air compressor has 16 in x7 in, 600 rpm has what volume displacement? A. 688 ft?/minB. 755 ft?/minC. 488 ft?/minD. 977 ft?/min SOLUTION: Vo = 2[x D> LN] Vo = 2[x/4 (16/12)? (7/12) (600)] Vo = 977.38 ft?/min PROBLEM 11 ‘A two-stage air compressor has a suction pressure of 14 psi and discharge pressure of 130 psig. Whatis the intercooler pressure in Kpag. A. 209Kpag B. 600Kpag C. 477 Kpag D. 300 Kpag SOLUTION: P) = 1304147 P, = 147.5 psia P= PPS Py = iaqiai.7) = 45 psi x 101.325/14.7 P, = 310.24 Kpaa - 101.325 = 208.91 Kpag PROBLEM 12 ‘A two stage air compressor has an intercooler pressure of 3 kg/cm?, What is the discharge pressure if suction pressure is 1 kg/cm?? A. 3kg/cm? B. 9ke/cem? C. 12ke/em? D. 15 ke/cm? SOLUTION:PROBLEM 13 The piston speed of an air compressors 140 m/min and hasa volume displacement of 0.2 m?/sec. Determine the diameter of compressor cylinder. A. 500mm B. 358mm C. 467mm _—_—D. 246mm. SOLUTION: Vo = 7/4? LN Piston Speed = 2LN 140 =2LN LN = 70 m/min 0.2 = n/4 D? (70/60) D = 467.19 mm PROBLEM 14 An air compressor piston displacement is 5000 cm? when operates at 900 rpm and volumetric efficiency of 75%. Determine the mass flow of air at standard density. A. 365.3kg/hrB. 243.5 kg/hrC. 386.4 kg/hrD. 465.2 kg/hr SOLUTION: we Mt Y, 0.75 = Ms 5000 Vz = 3750 cm*(900) = 3375000 cm*/min w = 1.2kg/m? (at standard) m = 1.2(3375000/100*) = 4.05 ke/min = 243 kg/hrPROBLEM 15, ‘A two-stage compressor air at 100 Kpa and 22°C discharges to 690 Kpa. If intercooler intake is 105 °C, determine the value of n. A.1400 8.1358 9 C.1345 OD. 1.288 SOLUTION: FIGOESD) = 262.68 Kpa (105+273) (224273) 1.281 = (2.6268) 5 n=l _ tnh.281 mn 1n2.6268 n-1 = 0.2564n n = 1345 PROBLEM 16 The piston displacement of a double acting compressor running at 300 rpm is 0.4 m*/sec. If bore and stroke are unity, determine the length of stroke. A.350mm B. 380mm C. 37Lmm_—_D. 400mm SOLUTION: Vo = 2( 1/4 D?LN) L = D (for unity) 0.4 = 2[r/4 (D)*(D)(300/60)] D = 0.37067m D 370.67 mmPROBLEM 17 An air compressor takes air at 97 Kpa at the rate of 0.5 m:/sec and discharge 500 Kpa. If power input to the compressor is 120 KW, determine the heat loss in the compressor. A. 26.85KW B. 18.55KW C. 30.45 KW D. 22.36 KW SOLUTION: meV, PS we MM Cae me 4 141 W = 1497H05) (699 97) 14 14-1 W = 101.45 KW Heat Loss = 120- 101.45 Heat Loss = 18.55 KW. PROBLEM 18 A single acting air compressor has a volumetric efficiency of 87%, operates at 500 rpm. It takes in air at 100 Kpaand 30°C and discharges it at 600 Kpa. The air handled is 6 m?/min measured at discharge condition. If compression is isentropic, find mean effective pressure in Kpa A. 182 8. 973 c. 198 D. 204 SOLUTION: Pa Vik = Po V2! 100(v:"4) = 600(6)* Vi = 21.58 m/min Vo = Vi/ey = 21.58/0.87 = 24.8 m/min we ize -4 144 we 2 AN0121-58) (600 100) == 5,049 KI/1 W = PmkVo 5,049 = Pm x 24.8 P, = 203.6 KaPROBLEM 19 A single acting reciprocating air compressor has.a clearance volume of 10%. Airis received at 90 Kpa and 29.3°C and is discharged at 600 Kpa. The compression and expansion are polytropic with n = 128. The pressure drop is 5 Kpa at suction port and 10 Kpa at the discharge port. The compressor piston displacement is 500 cm? when operating at 900 rpm. Determine the mass of compressed air in kg/hr A.16.76 8. 20.45 C. 9833. 28.23, SOLUTION: Vo = (n/4 D7 L)N Vo = (500)(900) = 450,000 cm?/min = 0.45 m3/min Py = 90-5 = 85 kpa P2 = 600+10= 610 kpa my = 1+C-c(P2/Py}4/" = 1 + 0.10 - 0.10(610/85)¥22* ty = 0.633684 Vi = (e)(Vs) = 0.45(0.633684) = 0.285 m3/min m = PV/RT £85(0.285)/(0.287)(29.3 +273) m = 0.2792 ke/min = 16.76 kg/hr FANS AND BLOWER PROBLEM 1 ‘A fan whose static efficiency is 40% has a capacity of 60,000 ft3/hr at 60°F and barometer of 30 in Hg and gives a static pressure of 2 in of water column on full delivery. What size of electric motor should be used to drive the fan? A.1/2Hp B. 1Hp C. 2Hp D.11/2Hp SOLUTION: he = ae = (2/42\62.4) — vu he = 10.4/ws T= G0 wx. rune Air Power = ws Qh 1 [ w, (6000 / 60)(10.4/ w,) Air Power = “hme 0 deg F 3,000 Sours Air Power = 0.315Hp Therefore: Use 1 hp motor (standard)PROBLEM 2 ‘A fan draws 1.42 m? per second of air at a static pressure of 2.54 cm of water through a duct 300 mm diameter and discharges it through a duct of 275 mm diameter. Determine the static fan efficiency if total fan mechanical is 70% and air is measured at 25°C and 760 mm Hg. A. 50.11% B. 54.34% C. 65.67% D. 45.34% SOLUTION: he = 2.54 om wa = P= __104325__ = 1.18 kg/m? RT 0287(25 + 273) 7 (0.0281000) = 21.52 m ariaems 718 ve = —142_ = 20,09 m/s te[e acer (n/4\(0.37 ‘760 mm He ve = —142___ = 23.9 m/s " (arayo.276y h, = (2397 ~(20.097 = 54m 2981) h = hy + hy = 21.52 + 8.54 = 30.06m ee Mah Se 0.70 =. {1-18x0.00961)(1.42)(30.06) =P P= 0.7058 kw w Qh, Me = (1.18x0.00981)(1.42\21.52) = 50,113% 0.7058 PROBLEM 3 Find the air horsepower of an industrial fan that delivers 25 m?/s of air through a 900 mm by 1200 mm outlet. Static pressure is 127 mm of water gage and air density Is 1.18 kg/m? A. 65.35Hp B.52.35Hp C. 60.35Hp D. 70.35 Hp SOLUTION: Q=axv 25 = (09x12)v 23.15 m/sec hy = v4/2g = (23.15)?/2(9.81) = 27.315m h, = ho(dw/da) = 0.127(1000/1.18) = 107.63 m h = hy + hy = 107.63 +27.315 = 134.94m wQh (1.18 x 0.00981)(25)(134.94) Air Power = 39.052 KW= 52.35 HpPROBLEM 4 A boiler requires 90,000 m*/hr of standard air. The mechanical efficiency of fan to be installed is. 65%. Determine the size of driving motor assuming fan can deliver a total pressure of 150 mm of water gage. A.56.6KW B.785KW C.455KW D. 23.5KW SOLUTION: ForStandard air, w = 1.2 kg/m? hs = huw(dw/de) = 0.15(1000/1.2) = 125m Air power = wQh Air Power = (1.2 x 0.00981)($0,000/3600)(125) Air Power = 36.78 KW Size of motor = Brake Power Size of motor = 36.78/0.65 = 56.59 KW PROBLEM 5 At 1.2 kg/m? air density a fan develops a brake power of 100 KW. If operates at 98 Kpa and 32°C with the same speed, what is the new brake power of the fan? A. 68.4KW B. 36.7KW C. 67.5KW D. 93.3KW SOLUTION: wi = 1.2 kg/m? We = P/RT = 98/(0.287)(32 + 273) = 1.1195 kg/m? BP, = 93.29 KW PROBLEM 6 {A fan has a suction pressure of 30 mm water vacuum with air velocity of 3 m/sec. The discharge has 150 mm of water gage and discharge velocity of 7 m/sec. Determine the total head of fan if air density is 1.2 kg/m’. A. 150m B. 152m c. 154m D.156m SOLUTION: —Fwilty = [0.15 ~ (-0.03))1000) - 459 m 12150+ 2.038 h = 152.038 m PROBLEM 7 ‘ASO KW motor is used to drive a fan that has a total head of 110 m. If fan efficiency is 70%, what is the maximum capacity of the fan using standard density of air? A. 27 m/sec B. 29m*/sec C. 31m*/sec D. 33 m*/sec SOLUTION: Air power = 50(0.7) = 35 kw Air power = wQh 35 = (1.2 x 0.00981)(Q)(110) Q = 27.02 m/sec PROBLEM 8 ‘A fan using standard air condition can developed a static pressure head of 310 mm water gage. IF fan will operate at 93°C and 735 mm of Hg, find the new static pressure required. ‘A. 150 mm water gage C. 241 mm water gage B. 180 mm water gage D. 456 mm water gage SOLUTION: 1.2 (standard air density) P/RT 725(101.225 / 760) 0.287(93 + 273) = 0.933 kg/m? 310 1.20 he = 241 mm water gage