Module3: First Degree Polynomial Functions
CHRISTOPHER M. CORDERO
After this session, you are expected to:
1. define a polynomial function;
2. recall some basic terms such as degree of polynomial, leading term and
leading coefficient;
3. Make use of graphing software to explore the graphs and properties of
polynomial functions.
4. Identify or estimate from the graph the intercepts and range of a function.
5. Define zeroes of a function.
6. Define linear function and state the domain and range. 1
7. Find zero of a linear function
Polynomial expressions are algebraic expressions of the form:
𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙𝒏−𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟐 𝒙𝒏−𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒂𝟎
where the coefficients are real numbers and 𝒂𝒏 ≠ 𝟎
Determine the following:
➢ leading term
➢ leading coefficient
➢ constant term.
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✓ Constant functions
✓ Linear functions
✓ Quadratic Functions
✓ Cubic Functions
✓ Quartic Functions
✓ Quintic Function
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Note:
1. The graph of a polynomial function is continuous. This means that the graph has no breaks, holes, or gaps.
2. The graph of a polynomial function has only smooth, rounded turns. A polynomial function cannot have a sharp
turn.
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Example1.
For polynomial function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8
Identify the following;
➢Degree
➢Leading Term
➢Intercepts
➢Range
➢Domain
➢Zeros
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➢ A function 𝑓 is said to be an even function if for every x in the
domain of 𝑓, 𝑓 −𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 .
➢ A function 𝑓 is said to be an odd function if for every x in the
domain of 𝑓, 𝑓 −𝑥 = −𝑓 𝑥 .
E𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒1: 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2 + 7 E𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒2: 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 5 − 4𝑥 3 − 9𝑥
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Determine the Domain and
Range
1
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = −2𝑥 −1
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = −2
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Note: The domain and the range of a
linear function is set of all real numbers.
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 3 −2≤𝑥 <2
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Note: The domain and the range of a
linear function is set of all real numbers.
3
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 + 3 𝑥>1
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Example1. Heleina charges a flat fee of 100 pesos for tutoring, plus 50 pesos per
hour.
1. Write the linear function for the cost (C) after x hours of tutoring.
2. What is the slope? What is its significance?
3. How much money will she make if she tutors for 6 hours?
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The value (in Php) of a molding machine x years after it is purchased is
𝑉 𝑥 = −4000𝑡 + 56000, 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 5.
1. Explain what the y-intercept and the slope measure.
2. Solve the zero of the function. What is its significance?
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Rate of change allows us to look at the relationship between different quantities.
Rate of change is expressed as a ratio of the dependent variable (y) and the
independent variable (x).
change in dependent variable Δ𝑦
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = =
change in independent variable Δ𝑥
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Example2: Figure below shows the graph of a linear function that gives a
bicyclist’s distance s = s(t) (kilometers) north of a restaurant at time t
(hours) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 4. What is the bicyclist’s velocity toward the north?
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