HEALTH BAND -A SMART ASSISTANT FOR THE ELDERLY

PROJECT PHASE-1 WORK

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the Award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted By

P. SRUJANA P. ANIL KUMAR P.SAI LIKHITHA

(19501A0488) (19501A0489) (19501A0490)

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mrs. K. ANITHA, M.E.

Associate Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

PRASAD.V. POTLURI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Affiliated to JNTU Kakinada, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi
Accredited by NBA, ISO 9001: 2015 Certified Institute
(Sponsored by Siddhartha Academy of General & Technical Education,
VIJAYAWADA) Kanuru, Vijayawada-520 007

2022-2023
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Project Phase-1 titled “HEALTH BAND-A SMART
ASSISTANT FOR THE ELDERLY” is a bonafide record of work jointly
done by P.SRUJANA (19501A0488), P.ANIL KUMAR (19501A0489) ,
P.SAI LIKHITHA (19501a0490) under my guidance and supervision and is
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
of Bachelor of Technology in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING by Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada
during the academic year 2022-2023.

Ms. K. ANITHA, M.E Dr. C. SUBBA RAO, M.E, Ph.D.

Associate Professor Professor and H.O.D.

Dept. of E.C.E Dept. of E.C.E

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, we sincerely salute our esteemed institution PRASAD V.

POTLURI SIDDHARTHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY for giving
this golden opportunity for fulfilling our warm dreams of becoming engineers.

We hereby express my sincere gratitude to our Principal Dr. K. SIVAJI BABU,

Ph.D., who has rendered us his constant encouragement and valuable
suggestions making our Project Phase-1 work successful.

We are also thankful to Dr. C. SUBBA RAO, M.E., Ph.D., Head of Electronics
and Communication Department for his constant encouragement and valuable
support throughout the course of our Project Phase-1 work.

We are glad to express our deep sense of gratitude to Ms. K. ANITHA, M.E,
Associate Professor, our guide for her guidance and co-operation in completing
this Project Phase-1 report.

We thank one and all who have rendered help to us directly or indirectly in the
completion of this Project Phase-1 work.

Project Phase-1 Associates….

P. Srujana (19501A0488)

P. Anil Kumar (19501A0489)

P. Sai Likhitha (19501a0490).

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Abstract:

The purpose of “Health Band-A Smart Assistant for elderly” is to autonomously

monitor the health of an elder person. Smart Health Band is constructed with the
help of Arduino Nano, pulse sensor, temperature sensor(thermistor), Wi-Fi module,
batteries and Velcro Tape. This health band is a measuring device that collects
information about physical parameters of human body like heart rate, body
temperature using wearable sensors and helps to analyze and monitor parameters by
sending them to android interface using Wi-Fi. The information will be
continuously stored on the cloud named “ThingSpeak”. This information can be
obtained by using an LCD and a smart phone app “ThingView”. User can see the
pulse rate and body temperature by using the application through a graph. In critical
conditions, if the pulse rate drastically increases/decreases above or below the
threshold value, then a notification will be sent to the app and also displayed on
LCD. So, this wearable estimating gadget permits a person to be portable in self-
observing and permitting them to live their lives in certainty.

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CONTENTS:

S. NO TOPICS Pg.NO

1 INTRODUCTION 6

2 HEALTH BAND
I. Block Diagram 7
II. Functions of Input unit 9
III. Functions of Controlling unit 11
IV. Working of the proposed Health Band 14
V. Functions of Output unit 14
3 TOOLS REQUIRED
I. Hardware Description 15
II. Software Description 18
4 RESULTS 20
5 CONCLUSION and FUTURE SCOPE 22
6 REFERENCES 23

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page No.

2.1 Block Diagram of Health Band 7

2.2 Layout of Health Band 10
2.3 ThingSpeak server channel creation 12
2.4 Data stored in ThingSpeak cloud server 12
3.1 Pulse Rate Sensor 15
3.2 LM32 Temperature Sensor 16
3.3 Arduino NANO Board 16
3.4 LM7805 Voltage Regulator 17
3.5 Liquid Crystal Display 17
3.6 ThingView App display 18
3.7 Arduino IDE 19
4.1 Heartbeat Output graph 20
4.2 Temperature Output graph 21
4.3 Panic mode alert 21

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 1. INTRODUCTION

According to a survey by United Nations by 2030 there will be about 74 million

older individuals. Rising health care costs and an increasing elderly population are
placing a strain on current health care services. Elderly patients, particularly those
with chronic conditions, require continuous long-term monitoring to detect changes
in their condition as early as possible. So, a reliable and continuous 24 hours
measurement and recording of the physical activity in daily life is thus essential.
This proposed health band can assist older people in their daily lives, leaving the
family stress free!

This is a Smartphone synced mobile health monitoring bracelet capable of reading a

human’s vital signs-pulse rate and body temperature. The proposed Health Band
analyzes and monitors the physical condition of the elderly people having stroke,
cardiac arrest and heart attack.

There is an emergency button in the health band that the person can press it in the
situation where he needs an immediate medical attention or help assistance, then
the band sends the alert to the caretaker's and the nearby ones. If there seems an
abnormal fall or rise in heart beat rate, Health band alters the nearby ones of the
person to get immediate attention. This cutting-edge approach diminishes time
utilization all the while that avoids fatal conditions.

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 2. HEALTH BAND
The proposed health band is very useful in saving patients life at an emergency
time. Figure demonstrates the block diagram of the proposed health band.

I. Block Diagram:

Pulse rate Sensor LCD to

show data
Data
stored
on
Atmega328 cloud
Temperature Sensor Controller

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 Different Units involved in the system are:
ThingView
Input Unit IoT Wi-Fi
Sensors are the gadgets that identify the physical and natural Module
Notifying signals. They act as an
to collect raw data and these aretoconnected
input unitButton
Emergency
user to analog pins of Arduino
using Wi-Fi
nano i.e., to controller unit.
Health
alert
Controlling Unit system
This is the unit on which calculations are performed to extract meaningful
information about health parameters which is done using Arduino programming.
Fig.2.1: Block Diagram of Health Band
Necessary computations are performed to get appropriate data using Arduino nano.

Output Unit
Health parameters are displayed on the LCD to user. As the system is designed to
be wearable, it should be compact as possible.

Web connectivity
For communication ThingView IoT Wi-Fi module is used. Health parameter body
temperature is monitored and stored on a cloud. Progress of health conditions can
also be monitored. ThingView Android application is used for monitoring body
temperature time to time. It also shows the body temperature over long period i.e.,
10-12 days and hence help doctors to make treatments for patients.

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II. Functions of Input Unit:
The health band measures the body vital signs (temperature and pulse rate) and
transmit the data scanned data via internet to the ThingSpeak platform using the
built-in Wi-Fi module.
In the input stage sensing and the collection of the raw data is done. The LM32 is
basically a sensitive temperature sensor that reacts precisely to even the minute
temperature changes. It provides a huge resistance at very low temperatures. This
means, as soon as the temperature starts increasing, the resistance starts dropping
quickly. Due to the large resistance change per degree Celsius, even a small
temperature change is displayed accurately by the Thermistor.

The pulse sensor has two surfaces, on the first surface, the light-emitting diode &
ambient light sensor is connected. Similarly, on the second surface, the circuit is
connected which is accountable for the noise cancellation& amplification. Once the
LED is located on the vein, then the LED starts emitting light. Once the heart is
pumping, then there will be a flow of blood within the veins. So, if we check the
blood flow, then we can check the heart rates also. If the blood flow is sensed then
the ambient light sensor will receive high amount of light as they will be
reproduced by the flow of blood. This small change within obtained light can be
examined over time to decide our pulse rates.

If the person suddenly falls down then the emergency button is pressed and the
person can be rescued without much time consumption. If the person feels
suffocated or uneasiness, then by pressing the emergency button the user can save
the person.

The pulse rate sensor, temperature sensor and the emergency button are connected
to the Arduino Nano analog terminals A0, A1, A2 respectively. The other two end
of the pulse rate sensor are connected to 5v and ground respectively. The other end
of thermistor and the emergency button is connected to 5v terminal as shown in the
circuit diagram.

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 Fig.2.2: Layout of Health Band

In order to provide 5v voltage to each component a voltage regulator is used as

shown in the circuit diagram. The positive terminal of the 9v battery is connected to
5v voltage regulator power terminal. The negative terminal of the battery is
connected to the ground terminal of the voltage regulator. The regulator is placed
on a bread board and the 5v is supplied through series connection to all the
components. The ground terminal of the voltage regulator is connected according to
the component’s requirement.

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III. Functions of Controlling Unit:

After the sensors results obtained

on serial monitor, the next step is
the interaction
between Wi-Fi module and the
cloud server via the internet.
After the sensors results obtained
on serial monitor, the next step is
the interaction
between Wi-Fi module and the
cloud server via the internet.
After the sensors results obtained
on serial monitor, the next step is
the interaction
between Wi-Fi module and the
cloud server via the internet.
After the sensors results obtained
on serial monitor, the next step is
the interaction
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between Wi-Fi module and the
cloud server via the internet.
After the sensors results obtained
on serial monitor, the next step is
the interaction
between Wi-Fi module and the
cloud server via the internet.
After the sensors results obtained
on serial monitor, the next step is
the interaction
between Wi-Fi module and the
cloud server via the internet.
After the sensors results are obtained on serial monitor, the next step is the
interaction between Wi-Fi module and the cloud server via the internet. The
ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is used for wireless communication which transfers the
data on server which can be shown on the specified web account using a web
browser. The ThingSpeak platform is an open source which can store and recover
information from this web by means of Internet.

The power supply required for the ESP8266 module is only 3.3 Volts. If it is more
than 3.7 Volts, then the module gets damaged, and this leads to circuit failure.
Hence it is necessary to program the ESP-01 Wi-Fi module by using Arduino board
which supports the programming 3.3 Volts supply. If the Arduino is to be able to

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connect to any wireless network, there needs to be code in the setup that gets a
network name and network password BEFORE calling Wi-Fi. A network name and
the network password are included in the setup code.

The local data is transferred to the ThingSpeak server. After logging into
ThingSpeak account a new channel is created. Project name (IOT BASED
HEALTH BAND) is written in the name field and required fields (temperature and
heartbeat) are filled in the channel details. The channel is then saved. The generated
API key is copied and inserted in the code. This key allows us to read from the
channel and write to a channel. By creating the channel and the required fields as
shown in the figure connection is established between Arduino and cloud server.

Fig.2.3: ThingSpeak server channel creation

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 Fig.2.4: Data stored in ThingSpeak cloud server

The ThingView Mobile Application is installed in our mobile phone. After

registration, the channel ID that was created in ThingSpeak cloud server is entered.
Our project HEALTH BAND is displayed on the screen. Clicking on that dialogue
bar the results would be displayed.

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IV. Working of the proposed HEALTH BAND:
The Arduino code is dumped into the nano board. The health band is powered
through 9volts battery. “HEALTH BAND is Ready” is displayed on the LCD
screen. Then the sensors continuously sense the pulse rate and temperature of the
human body. This information is sent to the Arduino Nano Board. The processed
information is displayed on the LCD screen as “HEARTBEAT” and
“TEMPERATURE”. The same information is transferred to the ThingSpeak cloud
server by Wi-Fi module. This is displayed on the LCD screen as “MESSAGE
SENDING”. This information is sent to the ThingView mobile app by server
through the channel created. The results are displayed through graphs. In case of
emergency, the emergency button is pressed. The graph suddenly raises in case of
emergency and “EMERGENCY REQUEST ACTIVATE” is displayed on LCD
screen. An alert message is generated if the heartbeat and temperature exceed the
normal values.

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V. Functions of Output Unit:
The results are displayed on the LCD screen. The output graphs are observed on the
ThingView mobile app.

3. TOOLS REQUIRED

I.HARDWARE DESCRIPTION:
Pulse sensor

Heartbeat sensor is a basic sensor used to quantify pulse. This sensor utilizes optical
strategy for estimating pulse. This is a plug & play sensor mainly designed
for Arduino board. A pulse wave is the change in the volume of a blood vessel that
occurs when the heart pumps blood, and a detector that monitors this volume
change is called a pulse sensor. The operating voltage is ranges +5V. This sensor
has two surfaces, on the first surface, the light-emitting diode & ambient light
sensor is connected. Similarly, on the second surface, the circuit is connected which
is accountable for the noise cancellation& amplification. If the blood flow is sensed

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then the ambient light sensor will receive more amount of light as they will be
reproduced by the flow of blood. This small change within obtained light can be
examined over time to decide our pulse rates.

LM32 temperature sensor

LM32 is the integrated circuit sensor which is used for measuring the temperature
of the body. It creates simple voltage, corresponding to temperature of the human
body detected by it. The yield voltage produced by sensor isFig.3.1:
relativePulse
to theRate Sensor
Celsius
temperature. The voltage rises with respect to the temperature. The LM32
can resolve temperatures to 255°C and down to -256°C. The operating temperature
range of the to +125°C

Fig.3.2: LM32 Temperature Sensor

Arduino Nano (R3):

It can be built with a microcontroller like  Atmega328.The Arduino Nano  is a

small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the ATmega328P.The
ATmega328 provide UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on
digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An FTDI FT232RL on the board channels this
serial communication over USB and the FTDI drivers (included with the Arduino
software) provide a virtual com port to software on the computer. The Arduino
software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to

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and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when
data is being transmitted via the FTDI chip and USB connection to the computer
(but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1). A Software Serial library allows

for serial communication on any of the Nano's digital pins. The ATmega328 also
support I2C and SPI communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire library
to simplify use of the I2C bus. Arduino Nano is a type of microcontroller board,
and it is designed by Arduino.cc.

LM7805 Voltage Regulator:

Fig.3.3: Arduino NANO Board
7805 is a three terminal linear voltage regulator IC with a fixed output voltage of
5V. This tiny board regulates higher voltages, such as 9V from a battery, to
consistent 5V supply which allows us to power the Arduino, the sensors and the
Display unit.

Fig.3.4: LM7805 Voltage Regulator

Display Unit:

LCD is used as a display unit. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a type of flat panel
display which uses liquid crystals in its primary form of operation. A 16*2 LCD is
used to display the measured information via the sensors. The power to the LCD is
regulated through the Voltage regulator.

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 Fig.3.5: Liquid Crystal Display
II.SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION:

Angry IP Scanner

Angry IP Scanner is a network scanner that has been designed to be fast and simple
to use. It scans IP addresses and ports and is cross-platform and Open Source.

Angry IP Scanner can scan IP addresses in any range as well as any their ports. It is
lightweight and doesn't require any installation. The application works by simply
pinging each IP address to check if it’s alive, then optionally it resolves its
hostname, determines the MAC address, and scans ports. Plugin support also allows
for the amount of gathered data about each host to be extended.

Key supported features include:

 NetBIOS information.
 Favorite IP address ranges.
 Web server detection.
 Customizable openers.

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VNC Viewer:

A viewer, on the other hand, is a program that renders the contents of a digital file
on screen. 

VNC Viewer is used for local computers and mobile devices you want to
control from. A device such as a computer, tablet, or smart phone with VNC
Viewer software installed can access and take control of a computer in another
location. 

It is a graphical desktop sharing system that allows a user to remotely control the

desktop of a remote computer (running VNC Server) from your device, and it
transmits the keyboard and mouse or touch events to VNC Server so that once you
are connected, you have control over the computer you’ve accessed. If you’re using
your mobile phone, for example, you would be able to use the computer you’ve
remotely accessed as though you were sitting right in front of it.  

As mentioned, Raspberry Pi comes with VNC Server and VNC Viewer installed.

The only prerequisite is that your Pi has Raspberry Pi OS installed. If not, you can
always install the VNC software later.  

Also, you will need to enable VNC software on your device before being able
to use it. This is very easily done. Open a terminal window and run the
command Sudo apt-get update, then sudo apt-get install RealVNC-vnc-server.   

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Thonny IDE:

The Thonny is a new IDE (integrated development environment) bundled with

the latest version of the Raspbian with PIXEL operating system. Using Thonny, it’s
now much easier to learn to code. Thonny comes with Python 3.6 built in, so you
don’t need to install anything.

Just open up the program, which you’ll find under Menu > Programming. It offers a
lot of advanced features not currently available in the Python 3 (IDLE) program,
which is still included with Raspbian.

See also: Programming a Raspberry Pi with Python

When you start Thonny, you’ll see a new script editor and a shell. As with Python
2/3 IDLE, you enter a program in the script editor and run it in the shell. You can
then use the shell to interact directly with the program; accessing variables, objects,
and other program features.

Thonny has a range of additional features that are perfect for learning
programming. One of the best features is a powerful, but easy-to-use, debug mode.
Instead of running your program, it steps through the code line by line. You can see
the variables and objects being created, and values being passed into functions or
assessed by comparators.

 Click here to read Beginner’s Guide to Coding in issue 53

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  Click here to read Object Orientated Programming in issue 54

You often find debuggers in powerful IDEs, but they tend to require you to
manually set breakpoints (places where the program freezes so you can examine the
code). The approach in Thonny is much more straightforward. It also has a range of
panels that enable you to inspect various items, such as variables, objects, and the
heap (the memory space where items are stored).

There’s some pretty good stuff in Thonny for young coders. The ability to step
through your programs makes it much easier to understand what happens when you
hit Run.

4. RESULTS

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Heart Beat and Temperature were measured successfully by using the sensors and
the android app was successfully paired with the Health Band through the Wi-Fi
module. The Health Band worked well and able to alert the contacts when the value
exceeds threshold value.

Fig.4.1: Heartbeat output graph

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 Fig.4.2: Temperature output graph

Fig.4.3: Panic mode alert

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 5. CONCLUSION and FUTURE SCOPE

Our elderly wearable wristband device is very much useful in the health monitoring
of the Elderly people in the absence of the human support. It is a user friendly and
cost-effective system. It provides assistance to the elderly in monitoring the Heart
Beat and the Temperature and it shoots up then it would be informed to the remote
assistance through the Android Application.

This project is not only limited for monitoring the elderly people it can still be
developed to meet the medical standards. Once it does the Hospitals can use the
Health Band project to monitor their Outpatients. For the Patients who are at risk of
unpredictable health conditions such as having Seizures, Stroke, Cardiac Arrest and
Heart attack, if an incident does occur, the band can predict it before it occurs, and
the Health Band system would be able to notify the nearest hospital by sending the
exact GPS coordinates of the person in need.

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 6. REFERENCES

[1] Bhasker Pandey, D., & Shimi, S. L. Real Time ECG Analysis for Prediction of
sudden Cardiac Death Using PCA Interpretation.

[2] Dimitrov, D. V. (2016). Medical internet of things and big data in healthcare.
Healthcare informatics research, 22(3), 156-163.

[3] Zois, D. S. (2016, December). Sequential decision-making in healthcare IoT: Real-

time health monitoring, treatments and interventions. In 2016 IEEE 3rd World
Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) (pp. 24-29). IEEE.

[4] Hassanalieragh, M., Page, A., Soyata, T., Sharma, G., Aktas, M., Mateos, G., ... &
Andreescu, S. (2015, June). Health monitoring and management using Internet-of-
Things (IoT) sensing with cloud-based processing: Opportunities and challenges.
In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing (pp. 285-292).
IEEE.

[5] Hamrioui, S., & Lorenz, P. (2017, May). Efficient wireless mobile networks
communications applied to e-health. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on
Communications (ICC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

[6] Ahouandjinou, A. S., Assogba, K., & Motamed, C. (2016, December). Smart and
pervasive ICU based-IoT for improving intensive health care. In 2016
International Conference on Bioengineering for Smart Technologies (Bio
SMART) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

[7] Wan, J., Gu, X., Chen, L., & Wang, J. (2017, October). Internet of things for
ambient assisted living: challenges and future opportunities. In 2017 International
Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery
(Cyber C) (pp. 354-357). IEEE.

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