Manufacture Tube Amplifier

What to do before making an amplifier

Building a tube amp probably requires a similar thought with any amp. Any amplifier, especially a low frequency amplifier, requires careful construction of the ground line.
Similar considerations . Depending on whether this ground line is good or bad, it can be a good amp or a bad amp. In the case of a tube amplifier, this ground line is called
the "earth bus". First of all, I will make an idea but generally speaking, what is necessary in the design of a stereo amplifier is to start by stretching the left and right ground
busbars inside the chassis like a fish bone. The position of the input circuit and output circuit, the position of the power transformer, etc. are important.
Since the power transformer has a core, positioning the core of the output transformer and the magnetic lines of force so that they do not enter the same loop is the basics
of amplifier manufacturing. If you pick up the hum of the amp, the life as an amp will come to an end. Electricity doesn't lie, so please first determine the position of the
transformer by positioning it on the chassis. This is the most important thing when . These positions determine the life of the amplifier. This work determines whether it
becomes a good amp or a high-class junk amp.
This page has existed since the site was launched, but if you missed this item, it seems that you have become an amplifier full of hum. That's the basic idea.
To make a tube amp, you probably need the same idea with any amp.It is necessary to carefully build the ground line with any amplifier, especially when making a low
frequency amplifier.The same idea can be applied to printed circuit boards You will need Depending on the quality of this ground line, it can be a good amp or a bad amp
that is easy to transmit. In the case of a tube amp, this ground line is called the "earth bus". circuit
I have a plan, but generally speaking, what is needed in the design of a stereo amplifier is to stretch the left and right ground buses inside the chassis like a fish bone . the
power transformer, etc. are important.
Since the power transformer has a core, positioning so that the core of the output transformer and the magnetic field lines do not enter the same loop is the basis of
amplifier production, and the position of the high-end transformer and power transformer installed side by side in a beautiful chassis. Depending on the hum sound is
picked up and the life as an amplifier ends with that. Electricity does not lie, so first position it on the chassis etc. and determine the position of the transformer
. for making an amplifier It will be.These positions determine the life of the amplifier.Whether it will be a good amplifier or a high-end junk amplifier will be decided by this
work.This page has existed since the launch of this site,
but it seems that those who missed this item became an noisy amplifier. It's a basic idea. //traduce by Google
So what do we do first?
1) Get a digital tester or her oscilloscope that can measure AC. The tester connects to the output side of the output transformer.
2) Connect power transformer and output transformer 3) AC cord to power transformer.
It will look like the image below.
So what do you do first?
1) Please prepare a digital tester or an oscilloscope that can measure alternating current. The tester is connected to the output side of the output transformer.
2) Power transformer and output transformer
3) Connect the AC cord to the power transformer. The image will look like the one below.
This positioning will determine if it will be a good amp or a bad amp. The positioning of the transformer cannot be determined by unstable factors such as coolness, and
hum noise will appear due to the influence of magnetic lines of force.
Recently, tube amps that use DC/DC converters have come out to dislike these things, but sometimes the sound is slightly hard or the good analog sound is not produced.
Some people say that a tube amp should have a little hum, so I recommend making an amp using an old-fashioned transformer.
This positioning will determine whether it will be a good amp or a bad amp. and hum noise will occur due to the influence of the magnetic field lines.
Recently, vacuum tube amplifiers that dislike these and use DC / DC converters have come out, but the sound may be slightly hardened or good analog sound may not be
produced . people say that tube amps should have some hum
.
Transformer positioning
Position the transformer as shown in the image. Attach the AC cord to the power transformer and connect it to AC. Be careful not to get an electric shock. Some even die.
After that, connect an AC tester to the output transformer.
Prepare a tester that can measure mV for the range of the tester. Or you can use an oscilloscope, but a tester will suffice. Please be careful as it is an AC range.
With the transformer positioned, attach a tester to the secondary side of the output transformer, that is, the output side, and measure the voltage. Fix the transformer at
the point where the AC voltage is less depending on the position of the transformer.
Position any configuration you like in those positions. The amplifier will be manufactured on the chassis where the determined position will be the amplifier as it is. The
position will vary depending on your preference and the shape of the transformer. We recommend that you test multiple times.
Position the transformer as shown in the image. Attach an AC cord to the power transformer and connect it to AC.
Be careful not to get an electric shock. In some cases, you will die. transformer.
For the range of the tester, prepare a tester that can measure mV. Alternatively, an oscilloscope is fine, but a tester is sufficient. Please note that it is an AC range.
With the transformer positioned, attach a tester to the secondary side of the output transformer, that is, the output side, and measure the voltage.Fix the transformer at
the point where the AC voltage decreases depending on the position of the transformer. Determine the position of your favorite configuration with those positions.
manufactured on the chassis where the determined position becomes the amplifier as it is

BUS Wire how to make

The earth bus line is called the mother line in Japanese. It's a common way of saying it. It's called a ground bus. EARTH BOSEN we call it's.anyone knows.For this line he uses
nickel-plated copper wire with a diameter of 1mm to 2mm. Any thick bare wire will do, but we recommend nickel-plated wires that are resistant to corrosion.
If it's a stereo, it's normal to run these conductors symmetrically around the chassis. Place it insulated from the chassis like a fishbone.
Be careful not to touch the chassis and use an insulating plate or the like to stretch it. Completely insulate from the chassis.
The place where this earth bus is connected to the chassis is called an earth point, but the place is fixed. Whether it's Mark Levinson, Sony's high-end amp, or
Jeff Rowland's ultra-high-end amp, the ground point is the same place. It is fixed at one point of the input circuit on the circuit. Even large amps have a red screw on the
back of the amp that is grounded at one point. If this screw is loosened, hum will occur and the amplifier will become unstable.
Where is this place? If it's a tube amp it's a single ground or he's a double ground. The location is generally the terminal of the input circuit.
In my case, I fasten a screw to the chassis near the ground of the RCA terminal of the input circuit and connect it to the ground bus with a thick wire from that screw.
For tube amps, it's difficult to ground near the control grid of the input circuit. Or, in some cases, a ground busbar to the ground terminal of the power transformer.
connect. One-point grounding is preferable, but I use two-point grounding depending on the situation. There are two points, the input circuit and the power transformer.
Make sure not parallel to the core of the power transformer. If parallel lines are drawn on the core surface, noise may come out from there.
Avoid putting thick wires around the power transformer as much as possible . This is because the ground bus may act as an antenna and pick up a subtle hum. The dirtier
the wiring, the better the sound.
Amplifiers with well-arranged wiring often generate a lot of noise and are not very good. Do not place straight ground lines around the power transform

The earth bus is called the Mother line in Japanese.It's a general term.It is called the earth bus.EARTH BOSEN we call it's.Any one knows . 2 mm. Any thick bare wire will do,
but we recommend nickel-plated wire, which is resistant to corrosion.
If this lead wire is stereo in the chassis, it is a normal method to stretch it symmetrically on the left and right. it is insulated from the chassis like a fish bone.
It is necessary to stretch it with an insulating plate, being careful not to touch the chassis. Completely insulate from the chassis . points, but the place is fixed.This method
can be used with both Mark Levinson and Sony high-end amplifiers.
The earth point is the same place in Jefforland's ultra-luxury amplifier.It is decided at one point of the input circuit on the circuit. Even with a large amp, there is a red screw
on the back of the amp There is one point grounded there. If this screw is loosened, hum will appear and the amplifier will become unstable.
Where is this place? It can be 1 point ground for tube amps or 2 point ground for him.The location is generally the terminal of the input circuit.In my case, I fastened a
screw to the chassis near the ground of the RCA terminal of the input circuit, and connected the screw to the ground bus with a thick wire. In the case of a tube amp, it is
difficult, and it is grounded near the control grid of the input circuit. Or, in some cases, a ground bus to the ground terminal of the power transformer . preferable, but in
some cases I use two-point ground. There are two points, an input circuit and a power transformer. Earth bus
Be sure not to be parallel to the core of the power transformer. surface, noise may come out from there.As much as possible around the power transformer
Avoid laying a thick wire with a wire diameter.This is because the earth bus may act as an antenna and pick up a subtle hum.The dirtyer the wiring of an amplifier, the
better the sound. A well-organized amplifier is often noisy and not very good. Do not place a straight ground wire around the power transformer.

Bus line wire 2mm nickel plated wire Bus lines

If the ground bus is well wired, there should be almost no hum. As for the grounding method, there is a method of grounding directly to the chassis called "solid ground"
used for high frequencies. This method is used The earth bus system cannot be used for transmitters and high frequency amplifiers, and the solid earth system cannot be
used for low frequency amplification. There are two types of grounding methods.
In the case of earth busbars, there are fish-frame-like and star-type earths. For 1-point grounding, be sure to connect the ground busbar to the chassis at one point at the
input. If the ground bus is firmly wired, almost no hum noise will occur. There is a method of grounding directly to the chassis called "solid ground" used for high
frequencies. The bus system cannot be used for transmitters and high frequency amplifiers, and the solid ground system cannot be used for low frequency amplification .
In the case of the earth bus, there is a method like a fish skeleton or a star method. For 1-point ground, be sure to connect the ground bus to the chassis at one input point.
Grounding here and there is not a good One input is sufficient, but in some cases grounding the metal chassis at the ground point of the power transformer is a common
grounding method, and this alone will eliminate any hum. eliminated by adjusting the direction of the core of the power transformer and the method of the core of the
output transformer.
Cumbersome jungle wiring produces the best results. This is from experience. Wiring that is neat and tidy has a lot of stray capacitance and creates a loop, so it may
become a dust amplifier. is bad.Jungle wiring is difficult to oscillate because the elements are not parallel and intersect. An amplifier with dirty wiring will produce a
beautiful sound.As an example, it is a general idea that a prototype has a good sound and a mass-produced machine has a bad sound. It is thought from such achievements
that the amplifiers made by amateurs are good and the sound of amplifiers made on boards is bad
. I say this from experience. Wiring that is neat and tidy has a lot of stray capacitance and creates loops, so there is a possibility that it will become a garbage amplifier.
That's why a well-made amplifier tends to oscillate and sound bad. Jungle wiring is hard to oscillate because elements do not become parallel and intersect.
An amp with dirty looking wiring will produce a beautiful sound. As an example, it is a general idea that the prototype sounds good and the mass-produced machines sound
bad. It is thought from such a track record that the sound of amplifiers made with boards etc. is bad for amplifiers made by amateurs.