Mathematics (Part-II) 325 (Ch.

03) Integration

2
= a2
 cos . cos d
-
2

2

 cos  d
a2  2
=
-
2

1 + cos2
2
=  
a2  2
 d

-
2

2 2
a
2 
=  (1 + cos2) d
-
2
 
 2 2 2
a a
2 
 d + 2 
=  cos2d
- -
2 2
 
a2 2 a2 sin2 2
= []  +  
2 2
2
 2   2

a  
2
a2    
2 2 + 2 + 4 sin2 2  sin2  2 
=
a2  +  a2
=   +
2 2  4 (0 + 0)
a2 2
=  
2 2
a2
= 2 Sq. units Ans.

EXERCISE 3.8
Q.1 Check that each of the following equations written against the differential
equation in its solution.
dy
(i) x =1+y y = cx – 1
dx
Mathematics (Part-II) 326 (Ch.03) Integration

dy 1
(ii) x2 (2 y + 1) -1=0 y2 + y = c -
dx x
dy
(iii) y  e2x = 1 y2 = e2x + 2x + c
dx
1 dy 2
(iv) - 2y = 0 y = cex
x dx
dy y2 + 1
(v) = -x y = tan (ex + c)
dx e
Solution:
dy
(i) x = 1+y ——— (1) (Lhr. Board 2007)
dx
y = cx – 1
Diff. w.r.t. ‘x’
dy
dx = c
Put in equation (1)
xc = 1 + ex – 1
xc = cx
Which is true
dy
 y = cx – 1 is the solution of x dx = 1 + y
dy
(ii) x2 (2y + 1) 1=0 ——— (1)
dx
1
y2 + y= c  x
Diff. w.r.t. ‘x’
dy dy 1
2y dx + dx = x
dy 1
dx (2y + 1) = x2
dy 1
= 2
dx x (2y + 1)
Put in equation (1)
1
x2 (2y + 1) x2 (2y + 1)  1 = 0
1–1=0
0 = 0
Mathematics (Part-II) 327 (Ch.03) Integration

Which is true
1 dy
 y2 + y = c  x is the solution of x2 (2y + 1) dx  1 = 0
dy
(iii) y  e2x = 1 ——— (1)
dx
y2 = e2x + 2x + c
Diff. W.r.t. ‘x’
dy
2y dx = 2e2x + 2
dy 2e2x + 2 2(e2x + 1) e2x + 1
= = = y
dx 2y 2y
Put in equation (1)
2x
e + 1 2x
y e =1
 y 
e2x + 1 – e2x = 1
1 = 1
Which is true
dy
 y2 = e2x + 2x + c is the solution of y dx  e2x = 1
1 dy
(iv) 2y =0 ——— (1)
x dx
2
y = cex
diff. w.r.t. ‘x’
dy x2
= cxe . 2x
dx
2
= 2cxex
Put in equation (1)
1 x2 x2
. 2 cxe – 2 (ce ) =0
x
2 2
2 cex – 2cex =0
0 = 0
Which is true
2 1 dy
 y = cex is the solution of x dx  2y = 0
dy y2 + 1
(v) = -x ——— (1)
dx e
y = tan (ex + c)
Mathematics (Part-II) 328 (Ch.03) Integration

Diff. w.r.t. ‘x’

dy 2 x x
dx = sec (e + c) . e
1 + tan2 (ex + c)
= e-x
1 + y2
= e-x
 From equation (1)
y2 + 1 y2 + 1
e-x = e-x
Which is true
dy y2 + 1
 x
y = tan (e + c) is the solution of dx = x
e
dy
Q.2 = y
dx
Solution:
dy
dx = y
Separate variables
dy
y =  dx
Integrate
 dyy =  dx
lny = x + ln c1
elny = e-x+c1
y = e-x.ec1  y = e ny

y = ce-x ec1 = c Ans.

Q.3 y dx + xdy = 0 (Guj. Board 2006)
Solution:
ydx + xdy = 0
Separate variables
ydx = xdy
= x
dy dx
y
Mathematics (Part-II) 329 (Ch.03) Integration

Integrate
 dyy =  x
dx

lny =  lnx + lnc

c
lny = ln x
c
y = x

xy = c Ans
dy 1x
Q.4 = (Lhr. Board 2008)
dx y
Solution:
dy 1x
= y
dx
Separate variables
ydy = (1  x) dx
Integrate

 ydy =  dx   xdx
2
y x2
= x 2 +c
2
x2
y2 = 2(x – 2 ) + 2c
 2c1 =
y2 = 2x – x2 + c
c
y2 = x (2 – x) + c Ans.
dy y
Q.5 = , ( y > 0) (Guj. Board 2008)
dx x2
Solution:
dy y
=
dx x2 , (y > 0)
Separate variables
dy dx
= 2
y x
Integrate
 dyy =  x2
dx
Mathematics (Part-II) 330 (Ch.03) Integration

x-1
lny = + lnc
1
1
lny = x + lnc
1
+ lnc
elny = ex
1
 y = e ny
y = e x elnc
1
y = ce x Ans.
dy
Q.6 siny cosec x =1 (Guj. Board 2005, 2008)
dx
Solution:
dy
siny cosecx =1
dx
Separate variables
dx
siny dy = cosecx
siny dy = sinx dx
Integrate

 sinydy =  sinxdx
cosy = cosx + c
cosy = cosx + c Ans.
Q.7 xdy + y (x – 1) dx = 0 (Lhr. Board 2007)
Solution:
xdy + y (x – 1) dx = 0
Separate variables
xdy = y (x – 1) dx
dy x + 1
=
y x dx
dy x 1
=  x + x dx
y  
Integrate
 dyy =  dx +  dxx
lny = x + lnx + lnc  y = e ny
elny
= ex + lnx + lnc
Mathematics (Part-II) 331 (Ch.03) Integration

y = ex . elnx . elnc

y = cxe-x Ans.
x2 + 1 x dy
Q.8 = . , (x, y > 0) (Guj. Board 2006)
y + 1 y dx
Solution:
x2 + 1 x dy
y + 1 = y . dx
Separate variables
x2 + 1 y+1
dx =
x y dy
2
y 1 x 1
y + y dy =  x + x dx
   
dy dx
dy + y = xdx + x
Integrate
 dy +  dyy =  xdx +  dxx
x2
y + lny = 2 + lnx + lnc
2
x
y+lny + lnx + lnc
e = e2
x2
y lny
e .e = e2 . elnx . elnc
x2
y
ye = cxe 2 Ans.  y = e ny
1 dy 1
Q.9 = (1 + y2) (Lhr. Board 2008)
x dx 2
Solution:
1 dy 1 2
=
x dx 2 (1 + y )
Separate variables
dy x
2 =
1+y 2 dx
Integrate
 1 dy
+ y2 = 2  xdx
1

1 x2
tan-1y = 2 . 2 + c
Mathematics (Part-II) 332 (Ch.03) Integration
x2
tan-1y = 4 + c Ans.
dy
Q.10 2x2y = x2 – 1
dx
Solution:
dy
2x2y dx = x2 – 1
Separate variables
x2  1
2ydy = x2 dx
2
x 1
2ydy =  2  2 dx
x x 
2ydy = dx – x-2 dx
Integrate

2 ydy =  dx –  x-2dx
2y2 x-1
= x  +c
2 1
1
y2 = x+x +c Ans.
dy 2xy
Q.11 + =x (Lhr. Board 2009 (S))
dx 2y + 1
Solution:
dy 2xy
dx 2y + 1 = x
+
Separate variables
dy 2xy
= x – 2y + 1
dx
dy  2y 
  2y + 1
= x 1
dx 
dy 2y + 1  2y
= x  
dx  2y + 1 
dy x
=
dx 2y + 1
(2 y + 1) dy = xdx
Integrate

2 ydy +  dy =  xdx
Mathematics (Part-II) 333 (Ch.03) Integration
2y2 x2
2 +y = 2 +c

2 x2
y +y = 2 +c
x2
y ( y + 1) = 2 + c Ans.
dy
Q.12 (x2 – yx2) + y2 + xy2 = 0 (Lhr. Board 2006, 2011)
dx
Solution:
dy
(x2 – yx2) dx + y2 + xy2 = 0
Separate variables
dy
x2 (1 – y) dx = – y2 – xy2
dy
x2 (1 – y) dx = y2 (1 + x)

1  y 1 + x
 2  dy =  x2  dx
 y   
1 y  1 x
 2 + 2 dy =  2 + 2 dx
y y x x 
dy dx
y-2 dy + y = x-2dx + x
Integrate
y--2 dy +  y =  x-2 dx +  x
dy dx

y1 x1
 + lny = + lnx + c
1 1
1 1
y + lny = x + lnx + c
1 1
lny + y = lnx  x + c Ans
Q.13 sec2x tany dx + sec2y tanx dy = 0 (Lhr. Board 2005)
Solution:
sec2x tany dx + sec2y tanx dy = 0
sec2x tany dx + sec2y tanx dy = 0
Separate variables
sec2y tanx dy = secx tany dx
Mathematics (Part-II) 334 (Ch.03) Integration

sec2y sec2x
dy =
tany tanx dx
Integrate
2
sec2x
 sec
tany
y
dy =   tanx dx
ln (tany) =  ln (tanx) + lnc
c
ln (tany) = ln tanx
c
tany = tanx
tanx tany = c Ans.
 dy  dy
Q.14 y  x  = 2 y2 + 
 dx  dx
Solution:
 dy  dy
y x dx = 2 y2 + dx
   
Separate variables
dy dy
y – x dx = 2y2 + 2 dx
dy dy
y – 2y2 = 2 dx + x dx
dy
dx (2 + x) = y (1 – 2y)
dy dx
= 2+x
y(1 2y)
Integrate
 y (1dy 2y) =  2dx+ x
I = ln (2 + x) + c1 ——— (1)

= 
dy
I
y(1  2y)
Let
1 A B
= y + ——— (2)
y (1  2y) 1  2y
Multiplying y (1 – 2y) on both sides in eq. (2)
1 = A (1 – 2y) + By ——— (3)
Mathematics (Part-II) 335 (Ch.03) Integration

To find A
Put y = 0 in eq. (3)
1 = A
To find B
Put
1 – 2y = 0
2y = 1
1
y = 2 in eq. (3)

1
1 = B 2
 
B = 2
 From equation (2)
1 1 2
= y +
y (1  2y) 12y
Integrate

 y (1dy 2y) =  dyy +  1 -22y dy

= lny   2y - 1 dy
2
I
= lny – ln (2y – 1) + c2
Put in eq. (1)
lny – ln (2y – 1) + c2 = ln (2 + x) + c1
y
ln = ln (2 + x) + c1 – c2
2y  1
y
ln = ln (2 + x) + lnc, where c1 – c2 = lnc
2y  1
y
ln = ln c (2 + x)
2y 1
y
= c(x + 2) Ans.
2y  1
dy
Q.15 1 + cosx tany =0
dx
Solution:
dy
1 + cosx tany dx = 0
Mathematics (Part-II) 336 (Ch.03) Integration

Separate variables
dy
cosx tany dx = 1
1
tany dy = cosx dx
siny
cosy dy = secx dx
Integrate

siny
cosy dy =  secx dx
ln (cosy) = ln (secx + tanx) + lnc
ln (cosy) = ln c (secx + tanx)
cosy = c(secx + tanx) Ans.
dy dy
Q.16 y  x = 3 (1 + x )
dx dx
Solution:
dy dy
y  x dx = 3 (1 + x dx )
Separate variables
dy dy
y – x dx = 3 + 3x dx
dy dy
y–3 = 3x +x
dx dx
dy
y–3 = (3x + x) dx
dx dy
=
4x y 3
Integrate
 ydy 3 = 14  dxx
1
ln (y – 3) = 4 lnx + lnc
1
1
ln (y – 3) = 4 lnx4 + lnc
1
4
ln (y – 3) = ln cx
1 1
4 4
y – 3 = cx y = 3 + cx Ans.
Mathematics (Part-II) 337 (Ch.03) Integration

dy
Q.17 secx + tany =0
dx
Solution:
dy
secx + tany dx = 0
Separate variables
dy
tany dx = secx
tany dy = secx dx
siny
cosy dy = secxdx
Integrate

 siny
cosy dy =  secxdx
ln (cosy) = ln (secx + tanx) + lnc
ln (cosy) = lnc (secx + tanx)
cosy = c(secx + tanx) Ans.
dy
Q.18 (ex + e-x) = ex – e-x (Lhr. Board 2011)
dx
Solution:
dy
(ex + e-x) dx = ex – e-x
Separate variables
ex  e-x
dy = ex + e-x dx
Integrate

 dy =  eex + ee-x dx
x -x

y = ln (ex + e-x) + c Ans.

dy
Q.19 Find the general solution of the equation - x = xy2. Also find the
dx
particular solution if y = 1 when x = 0.
Solution:
dy
dx  x = xy
2

To find General Solution

Mathematics (Part-II) 338 (Ch.03) Integration
dy
dx  x = xy
2

Separate variables
dy
= xy2 + x
dx
dy
= x (y2 + 1)
dx
dy
y + 1 = xdx
2

Integrate
 y2dy+ 1 =  xdx
x2
tany1 y = +c ——— (1)
2
To find particular solution
Put y = 1, x = 0 in equation (1)
2
(0)
tan1 (1) = 2 + c

c = 4

Put c = 4 in equation (1)

-1 x2 
tan y = 2 + 4 Ans.
dx
Q.20 Solve the differential equation = 2x given x = 4 when t = 0.
dt
Solution:
dx
= 2x
dt
Separate variable
dx
= 2dt
x
Integrate
 dxx = 2 dt
lnx = 2t + lnc
lnx
e = e2t + lnc
Mathematics (Part-II) 339 (Ch.03) Integration

elnx = e2t . elnc

x = ce2t ——— (1)
Put x = 4, t = 0 in equation (1)
2(0)
4 = ce
c = 4
Put c = 4 in equation (1)
x = 4e2t Ans.
ds
Q.21 Solve the differential equation + 2st = 0. Also find the particular solution
dt
if s = 4e, when t = 0.
Solution:
ds
+ 2st = 0
dt
Separate variables
ds
= 2st
dt
ds
= 2tdt
s
Integrate
 dss = 2 tdt
2t2
lns =  + lnc
2
2
elns = et + lnc
2
s = et . elnc
2
s = cet ——— (1)
To find particular solution
Put s = 4e, t = 0 in equation (1)
4e = ceº
c = 4e
Put c = 4e in equation (1)
2
s = 4e . e-t
2
s = 4e1-t Ans.
Mathematics (Part-II) 340 (Ch.03) Integration

Q.22 In a culture bacteria increases at the rate proportional to the number of

bacteria present. If bacteria are 200 initially and are doubled in 2 hours, find
the number of bacteria present four hours later.
Solution:
Let P be the number of bacteria present at time t.
dp
= kP (k > 0)
dt
Separate variable
dp
= kdt
p
Integrate
 dpp = k  dt
lnp = kt + c1 ——— (1)
Put p = 200 , t = 0 in equation (1)
ln200 = 0 + c1
c1 = ln200
Put c1 = ln 200 in equation (1)
lnp = kt + ln 200 ——— (2)
Put P = 400, t = 2 hour in equation (2)
ln400 = 2k + ln 200
ln400 – ln 200 = 2k
1 400
k = ln  
2 200
1
k = 2 ln 2
1
Put k = 2 ln2 in equation (2)
1
lnP = 2 ln 2t + ln 200 ——— (3)
To find the number of bacteria presents four hour later
Put t = 4 hour in equation (3)
1
lnP = 2 ln2 × 4 + ln200
ln P = 2 ln2 + ln200
lnP = ln22 + ln200
lnP = ln (4 × 200)
P = 800 Ans.
Mathematics (Part-II) 341 (Ch.03) Integration

Q.23 A ball is thrown vertically upward with a velocity of 2450 cm/sec. Neglecting
air resistance, find
(i) velocity of ball at any time t. (ii) distance travelled in any time t.
(iii) maximum height attained by the ball.
Solution:
(i) Let ‘v’ be the velocity at any time ‘t’ then by Newton’s law of motion
dv
= g
dt
Separate variables
dv = g dt
Integrate  dv = g  dt
v =  gt + c1 ——— (1)
Put v = 2450 cm/sec and t = 0 in eq. (1)
2450 = 0 + c1
c1 = 2450
Put c1 = 2450 in equation (1)
v = 980t + 2450 ——— (2) (taking g = 980)
(ii) Let ‘h’ be the height attained at any time ‘t’.
dh
= 2450 980 t
dt
Separate variables
dh = 2450 dt 980 t dt
Integrate  dh = 2450  dt – 980  tdt
t2
h = 2450t  980 2 + c2
h = 2450 t – 490 t2 + c2 ——— (3)
Put h = 0 , t = 0 in equation (3)
0 = 0 – 0 + c2
c2 = 0
Put c2 = 0 in equation (3)
h = 2450t 490t2 ——— (4)
(iii) The maximum height attained by the ball when v = 0
980 t + 2450 = 0
980t = 2450
2450
t = 980 = 2.5 Sec
Put t = 2.5 sec in equation (4)
h = 2450 (2.5) – 490 (2.5)2
h = 6125 – 490 (6.25) = 6125 – 3062.5
h = 3062.5 cm Ans.