FALCON GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

QUEENS ROAD
BANGALORE
NEET/JEE/KCET
Date : 29/11/2022 TEST ID: 6238
Time : BIOLOGY
Marks : 80
6.MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

Single Correct Answer Type 28. t RNA is a compact molecule which looks like
21. Stability of DNA is impacted by a) M-shaped b) P-shaped
a) Deoxyribose sugar b) Presence of thymine c) L-shaped d) K-shaped
in place of uracil 29. Stop or non-sense codons are
c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of the above a) Two in number b) Three in number
22. Ribozymes are c) Four in number d) One in number
a) RNA acting as enzymes 30. Firstly, who suggested that genetic codes are
b)DNA acting as enzymes triplet
c) DNA acting as molecular scissors a) George Gamow b) Crick
d)RNA acting as molecular scissors c) Ochoa d) Nirenberg
23. Any mistake during replication would result 31. Codons are unambiguous, means one codon
into code for
a) Duplication a) More than one amino acid
b)Inversion b)Two amino acids
c) Mutation c) Only one amino acid
d)Polyploidy d)Non-sense amino acid
24. Monocistronic transcriptional unit codes for 32. How many t RNAs are there for the stop codon?
a) Single polypeptide a) One
b)Double polypeptides b)Two
c) No polypeptide c) Three
d)Triple polypeptides d)None of these
25. Monocistronic structural genes have …A… 33. Charging (aminoacylation) of t RNA involves
coding sequences. These coding sequence are the attachment of
called …B… and non-coding sequences are a) Amino acid to t RNA
called …C… b)Amino acid to t RNA
Choose the correct option A, B and C c) Neutral amino acid to t RNA
a) A-interrupted, B-introns, C-exons d)Acidic amino acid to t RNA
b)A-interrupted, B-introns, C-recons 34. Where untranslated region is present on m
c) A-interrupted, B-introns, C-mutons RNA?
d)A-interrupted, B-exon, C-intrones I. 5’ end
26. RNA polymerase II transcribes II. 3’ end
a) hnRNA b) c) d) III. before start codon
(heterog IV. after stop codon
50S 30S 40S
enous Choose the correct statement for given
rRNA rRNA rRNA
nuclear statement
RNA) a) I and II
27. Which of the following codon is called ochre? b)II and III
a) UAG c) III and IV
b)UGA d)I, II, III and IV
c) UAA 35. The order and sequence of amino acids are
d)UAC
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 defined by the sequences of the bases in (d) 4 1 2 3
a) rRNA b) mRNA
c) tRNA d) All of these 40. Match the following columns
36. The ribosome moves from codon to codon Column-I Column- II
along the …A… . At the end a …B… factor binds
to …C… codon, terminating translation and (A) Termination (1) Aminoacyl t RNA
releasing the complete polypeptide from the (Translation) synthesis
ribosome (B) Translation (2) Okazaki fragments
Choose the correct option for A, B and C
a) A-mRNA, B-stop, C-release (C) Transcription (3) GTP dependent
b)A-mRNA, B-release, C-stop release factor
c) A-tRNA, B-release, C-stop (D) DNA replication (4) RNA polymerase
d)A-tRNA, B-stop, C-release
Codes :
37. The cellular factory responsible for the
synthesis of proteins is A B C D
a) Mitochondria
b)Endoplasmic reticulum (a) 3 1 4 2
c) Golgi body
(b) 2 3 1 4
d)Ribosome
38. 70S ribosome and 80S ribosome respectively (c) 4 3 1 2
are found in
a) Prokaryotes and b) Eukaryotes and (d) 2 1 3 4
eukaryotes prokaryotes
c) Only prokaryotes d) Only eukaryotes

Matrix-Match Type

This section contain(s) 2 questions. Each question

contains Statements given in 2 columns which have
to be matched. Statements in columns I have to be
matched with Statements in columns II.

39. Match the following columns

Column-I Column- II

(A) Exon (1) Coding sequence

(B) Intron (2) Non-coding

sequence
(C) Genetic code (3) Triplet bases on
mRNA
(D) DNA packaging (4) Nucleosome

Codes :

A B C D

(a) 1 3 2 4

(b) 1 4 2 3

(c) 1 2 3 4

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 FALCON GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
QUEENS ROAD
BANGALORE
NEET/JEE/KCET
Date : 29/11/2022 TEST ID: 6238
Time : BIOLOGY
Marks : 80
6.MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

: ANSWER KEY :

21) c 22) a 23) c 24) b

25) d 26) a 27) c 28) c
29) b 30) a 31) c 32) d
33) b 34) d 35) d 36) b
37) d 38) a 39) c 40) a

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 FALCON GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
QUEENS ROAD
BANGALORE
NEET/JEE/KCET
Date : 29/11/2022 TEST ID: 6238
Time : BIOLOGY
Marks : 80
6.MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

: HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :

Single Correct Answer Type sequences, which don’t appear in mature or
21 (c) processed RNA
Stability as one of the properties of genetic 25 (d)
material was very evident in Griffith’s A-Interrupted, B-Exon, C-Intron
transforming principle itself that heat, which 26 (a)
killed the bacteria, at least did not destroy some RNA polymerase II transcribes hnRNA (mRNA)
of the properties of genetic material. This now can 27 (c)
easily be explained in light of the DNA that the Non-sense or terminator codons. Three of the 64
two strands being complementary if separated by codon namely, UA A 1 UA G 2∧UG A 3 do not
heating come together. specify any amino acid, but signal the end of the
When appropriate conditions are provided message. They are called the non-sense, or
further 2’-OH group present at every nucleotide in terminator codons. Either of these stops synthesis
RNA is a reactive group and makes. RNA labile of the polypeptide chain. Thus, only 61 of the 64
and easily degradable RNA is also now known to codes for amino acids
be catalytic, hence reactive. Therefore, DNA UAA is also called ochre
chemically is less reactive and structurally more UAG is also called amber
stable when compared to RNA. Therefore, among UGA is also called opal
the two nucleic acids, the DNA is a better genetic 28 (c)
material There dimensional structure or compact form of t
22 (a) RNA was given by Klug in 1974. It looks like ‘L’
RNA working as enzymes are called ribozymes. In alphabet in English. That’s why it is called, I-form
splicing (removal of intrones). RNA work as model of t RNA
ribozyme. Ribozymes also works in protein
synthesis (23S RNA)
23 (c)
Any mistake during replication would result into
mutation
24 (b)
Monocistron When transcription unit codes only
for single polypeptide. It is mostly found in
eukaryotes
Polycistron When transcriptional unit codes for
many polypeptide. It is mostly found in
prokaryotes
Exon The gene or transcriptional unit split into 29 (b)
coding part called exon and non-coding part Stop codons are three in number.
called intron. Intrones are the intervening
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 Non-sense codon is called stop codon. Because Amino acid (AA) + ATP Aminoacyl
¿
t RNA AA-AMP
they stops the translation they are UAA, UAG, UGA
– Enzyme complex + Pi
30 (a)
2. Transfer of Amino Acid to t RNA The AA-
Crick et. al (1961) observed that the deletion or
AMP-enzyme complex formed, reacts with
addition of one or two base pairs in DNA of T 4-
the specific t RNA to form aminoacyl t RNA
bacteriophage disturbs the normal DNA complex
functioning. AA-AMP-Enzyme complex + t RNA → AA-t RNA +
Firstly, George Gamow (a physicit) hypothesized AMP + Enzyme (charged t
that there are only four bases for 20 amino acids. RNA)
In order to code for 20 amino acids the genetic
code should be made up of three nucleotides, a Cap region (5’ end) of mRNA binds to the smaller
permutation combination of 4 3 would generate 64 subunit by recognizing AUG (initiating) or
codons. starting codon
Har Gobind Khorana developed chemical method
for synthesising RNA molecules with defined base In the presence of M g+ 2, the larger subunit of
combinations (homopolymers and copolymers) ribosome combines with the smaller subunit (40
to develop the genetic code. or 30S t RN A met ¿
Marshall Nirenberg artificially synthesized
(ii) Elongation Proteins (elongation) factors are
proteins to understand the nature of codons.
involved in the following three step cycle
Ochoa enzyme (polynucleotide phosphorylase)
was helpful in polymerizing RNA with defined
sequences in a template in an independent
manner
31 (c)
Salient features of genetic code
(i) The codon is triplet, 61 codons code for amino
acids and 3 codons function as stop codons
(ii) One codon codes for only one particular
amino acid, hence, the code is unambiguous and 3. Codon Recognition A hydrogen bond
specific forms the mRNA codon and anticodon for
(iii) Some amino acids are coded by more than the next t RNA at the empty A-site of the
one codon, hence the codons are degenerated ribosomes
(iv) There are no punctuations 4. Peptide Bond Formation An enzyme
(v) The code is nearly universal. For example, embedded in the large ribosomal subunit
from bacteria to human, UUU code for catalyses the formation of a peptide bond
phenylalanine (phe). Some exception to this rule between the polypeptide extending from
found in mitochondria and protozoans’ codons the P-site and the newly arrived amino
32 (d) acid in the A-site
There are no anticodon on t RNA for reading stop 5. Translocation The t RNA in the P-site is
codon on mRNA (UAA, UAG, UGA). This means removed so that the t RNA- polypeptide
there is no t RNA for the stop codon chain can shift over into its place, freeing
33 (b) up the A-site for the next t RNA-amino acid
Attachment of a charged amino acid to t RNA is
called the charging of t RNA.
Protein synthesis can be divided into three stages
(i) Initiation (ii) Elongation (iii) Termination
1. Activation of Amino Acid Amino acids
become activated by binding with
aminoacyl t RNA synthetase enzyme in the
presence of ATP
(iii) Chain termination elongation comes to an
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 end when one (or more) of the three stop codons Ribosome are the protein factories on which
(UAA, UAG, UGA) is encountered mRNA and t RNA interacts among themself and
forms proteins.
A protein called releasing factor binds directly to Ribosome are of two types
the termination codon in the A-site (i) Prokaryotic ribosome (ii) Eukaryotic ribosome
A water molecule is added by the hydrolysis of the
polypeptide chain instead of an amino acid and
the chain floats off to become a protein

A translational unit in mRNA is the sequence of

38 (a)
RNA that is flanked by a codon (AUG) and a stop
70S ribosomes are found in prokaryotes and 80S
codon and codes for a polypeptide. mRNA also has
ribosome are found in eukaryotes.
some additional sequences that are not translated
Ribosome are the protein factories on which
and are referred to as untranslated regions (UTR).
mRNA and t RNA interacts among themself and
The UTRs are present at both 5’ end (before start
forms proteins.
codon) and at 3’-end (after stop codon). They are
Ribosome are of two types
required for an efficient translation process
(i) Prokaryotic ribosome (ii) Eukaryotic ribosome
34 (d)
All of these.
Untranslated regions of mRNA are present and
the 5’ and 3’ end. These sequences don’t
participate in the translation process. At the 5’
site, they (untranslated region) are present before
the start codon and at the 3’ site they are present
after the termination codon. These regions are
very important for the efficient translation
35 (d)
According to the sequence present on the mRNA,
the amino acid are produced. That’s why the
order and the sequence of the amino acids are Matrix Match Type
defined by mRNA 39 (c)
36 (b) Exon coding (functional) part of DNA or RNA
There are three non-sense codons, i.e., UAA, UAG, Intron non-coding (non-function) part of DNA or
UGA. These codons are not recognized by any of t RNA
RNA. There are release factors (proteins) which Genetic codes Triplet bases or mRNA
recognize the non sense-codons DNA packaging Nucleosomal model
Prokaryotic release factors are (Two in number) 40 (a)
R F1 - Specific for UAG and UAA and Termination – GTP release factor
(in translation)
R F2 - Specific for UAA and UGA
Translation – Amino acyl t RNA synthesis
In eukaryotes there are only one release factor
Transcription – RNA polymerase
−CR F 2
DNA replication – Okazaki fragments
37 (d)

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