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Tautologies

1. (∼p ^ q) ⊕ (q →p) is a tautology. 2. p → (q → p) is a tautology. 3. (p ⊕ q) ↔ (∼q ⊕ ∼p) is a tautology.

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105 views

Tautologies

1. (∼p ^ q) ⊕ (q →p) is a tautology. 2. p → (q → p) is a tautology. 3. (p ⊕ q) ↔ (∼q ⊕ ∼p) is a tautology.

Uploaded by

Jevengg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tautologies, Contradictions and Contingency | Equivalence

p q ∼p ∼p ^ q q→p (∼p ^ q) ⊕ (q →p)


1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 1 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 1
1. (∼p ^ q) ⊕ (q →p) - TAUTOLOGY

2. p → (q → p) - TAUTOLOGY

p q q→p p → (q →p)
1 1 1 1
1 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1

p q p⊕q ∼q ∼p ∼q ⊕ ∼p (p ⊕ q) ↔ (∼q ⊕ ∼p)


1 1 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 0 1
3. (p ⊕ q) ↔ (∼q ⊕ ∼p) - TAUTOLOGY

4. q ↔ (p → q) – TAUTOLOGY

P q p→q q ↔ (p → q) q ↔ (p → q)
1 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 0 1
p q p→q ∼ (p → q) ∼q (p ⊕ ∼q)
1 1 1 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 1
5. ∼ (p → q) ≡ (p ⊕ ∼q)

p q ∼q p v ∼q p^q ∼p ∼p ^ ∼q (p ^ q) v (∼p ^ ∼q)


1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
6. p v ∼q ≡ (p ^ q) v (∼p ^ ∼q)

(p ^ ∼q) v
(p ^ ∼q) v
p q ∼p ∼q p ^ ∼q ∼p^q ∼p ^ ∼q (∼p ^ q) v p^q ∼ (p ^ q)
(∼p ^ q)
(∼p ^ ∼q)
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
7. (p ^ ∼q) v (∼p ^ q) v (∼ p ^ ∼ q) ≡ ∼ (p ^ q)
p q p↔q ∼p ∼q p^q ∼p ^ ∼q (p ^ q) v (∼p ^ ∼q)
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
8. (p ↔ q) ≡ (p ^ q) v (∼p ^ ∼q)

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