Level-II

Chapter 11

Vector Algebra

Solutions

SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
[ Addition of Vectors and Unit Vectors]
         
1. Let a = 3iˆ − ˆj , b = iˆ − 2 ˆj , c = − iˆ + 7 jˆ and P = a + b + c. Then P in terms of a and b is
       
(1) 2a + 3b (2) −2a − 3b (3) −2a + 3b (4) 2a − 3b
Sol. Answer (4)
  
p = λa + μb  3iˆ + 4 ˆj = λ(3iˆ − jˆ) + μ(iˆ − 2 jˆ)
or 3λ + μ = 3, λ + 2μ = –4
 
∴ λ = 0, μ = 3 i.e., P = 2a − 3b
   
2. Let a, b, c and d are the position vectors of points A, B, C, D, such that no three of them are collinear and
   
a + c = b + d , then ABCD is a
(1) Rhombus (2) Rectangle (3) Square (4) Parallelogram
Sol. Answer (4)
Diagonals of parallelogram bisects each other.
            
3. If OA = a; OB = b; OC = 2a + 3b, OD = a − 2b, the length of OA is three times the length of OB and OA is
    
perpendicular to DB , then (BD × AC )·(OD × OC ) is
 2  2
(1) 7 a × b (2) 42 a × b (3) 0 (4) 1
Sol. Answer (3)
       
BD × AC = (a − 3b ) × (a + 3b ) = 6(a × b)
       
OD × OC = (a − 2b ) × (2a + 3b) = 7(a × b)
         
∴ (BD × AC )·(OD × OC ) = 42(a × b)·(a × b) = 42 a × b 2
      
Also a = 3 b and OA ·DB = a ·(3b − a ) = 0

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104 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)

   
⇒ 3a ·b = a = 9 b 2

    2 2
  2 a ·a a ·b 9 b ·3 b
∴ a×b =     = 2  =0
a ·b b ·b 3b · b

        
4. Let a, b, c be three unit vectors such that a + b + c = 1 and a is perpendicular to b . If c makes angle α
 
and β with a and b respectively, then cosα + cosβ =

−3 3
(1) (2) (3) 1 (4) –1
2 2
Sol. Answer (4)
  
|a+b +c | =1
        
⇒ | a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2 + 2(a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a ) = 1

⇒ 1 + 1 + 1 + 2(cos α + cos β) = 1
⇒ cos α + cos β = −1
  
5. A vector c of magnitude 7 which is perpendicular to the vector a = 2 ˆj − kˆ and b = −iˆ + 2 ˆj − 3kˆ and makes
an obtuse angle with the y-axis is given by

 −4 −1 −2   −4 −1 2 
(1)  , ,  (2)  , , 
3 3 3 3 3 3

 4 −1 −2 
(3)  , ,  (4) Both (2) & (3)
 3 3 3
Sol. Answer (3)
    
c = λ (a × b ) and | λ (a × b ) | = 7

         
6. Let a, b and c are three vectors such that a = 3, b = 3, c = 2 , a + b + c = 4 and a is perpendicular
   
to b, c makes angle θ and φ with a and b respectively, then cos θ + cosφ =

3 3 1 1
(1) (2) − (3) (4) −
4 4 2 2
Sol. Answer (4)
  
| a + b + c |2 = 16
  
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2(a.b + b.c + c.a ) = 16
  
9 + 9 + 4 + 2(a.b + b.c + c.a ) = 16
  
⇒ a.b + b.c + c.a = −3 … (i)

We have, a.b = 0

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 105
  
b.c =| b || c | cos φ = 6cos φ
  
c.a = | c || a | cos θ = 6 cos θ
By (i)

0 + 6(cos θ + cos φ) = −3

1
cos θ + cos φ = −
2
   
7. ABCD is a quadrilateral with AB = a, AD = b and AC = 2a + 3b . If its area is α times the area of the
parallelogram with AB and AD as adjacent sides, then α =

5 1
(1) 5 (2) (3) 1 (4)
2 2
Sol. Answer (2)
  
AB + BC = AC
    
⇒ BC = AC − AB = 2a + 3b − a = a + 3b C
 
Area of quadrilateral ABCD = α(a × b ) D

1    1     
⇒ (a × (2a + 3b )] + [(2a + 3b ) × b ] = α(a × b ) 3b
2 2 b +
2a
1   1    
⇒ [3(a × b )] + [2(a × b )] = α(a × b ) A
a B
2 2
3      
⇒ (a × b ) + (a × b ) = α(a × b )
2
5
⇒ α=
2
    
8. Let a, b, c be three distinct positive real numbers. If p, q, r lie in a plane, where p = aiˆ − ajˆ + bkˆ , q = iˆ + kˆ

and r = ciˆ + cjˆ + bkˆ , then b is

(1) The A.M. of a, c

(2) The G.M. of a, c
(3) The H.M. of a, c
(4) Equal to 0
Sol. Answer (3)
a −a b
1 0 1 =0
c c b

⇒ a(0 − c ) + a(b − c ) + b(c ) = 0

⇒ −ac + ab − ac + bc = 0
2ac
⇒ b=
a+c
Hence, a, b, c are in H.P.

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106 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)

     
9. If p × q = r and p ⋅ q = c , then q is
           
cp − p × r cp + p × r cr − p×r cr + p×r
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
| p |2 | p |2 | p |2 | p |2

Sol. Answer (1)

  
(p × q) = r

Applying cross product by p
    
p × (p × q) = p × r
     
⇒ ( p.q )p − ( p.p )q = p × r
   
⇒ cp − p 2q = p × r
  
 cp − p × r
⇒ q= 
| p |2 .

10. The position vectors of the vertices of triangle are 3iˆ + 4 ˆj + 5kˆ , iˆ + 7kˆ and 5iˆ + 5 ˆj . The distance between the
circumcentre and the ortho centre is

3 274 3
(1) 0 (2) (3) 306 (4) 306
11 2

Sol. Answer (2)

  
Let ABC is the given triangle and the position vector of A, B and C are a, b and c respectively
  
AB = b − a = (iˆ + 7kˆ ) − (3iˆ + 4 jˆ + 5kˆ ) = −2iˆ − 4 ˆj + 2kˆ

⇒ AB = 24 = c

Similarly BC = (5iˆ + 5 ˆj ) − (iˆ + 7kˆ ) = 4iˆ + 5 jˆ − 7kˆ

⇒ BC = 90 = a

AC = (5iˆ + 5 jˆ) − (3iˆ + 4 jˆ + 5kˆ )

AC = (2iˆ + jˆ − 5kˆ ) = 30 = b

In ΔABC

a = 90, b = 30, c = 24

b2 + c 2 − a2 30 + 24 − 90
cos A = =
2bc 2 30 × 24

54 − 90 −36
= =
2 × 2 15 × 12 4 15 × 4 × 3

−9 −9 3
= = =−
5×3× 4×3 3×2 5 2 5

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 107

c 2 + a 2 − b 2 24 + 90 − 30
cos B = =
2ca 2 × 24 90

114 − 30 84
= =
2 × 24 90 2 × 2 6 × 3 10

7 7
= =
6 10 2 15

a2 + b2 − c 2 90 + 30 − 24
cos C = =
2ab 2 90 30

96
=
2 × 3 × 10 × 3 × 10

16 8
= =
10 3 5 3

abc
Circum radius R =
4Δ
Where Δ is the area of triangle which is given by

1   1   1  

Let Δ = | AB × AC | or | AB × BC | or | AC × BC |
2 2 2

iˆ ˆj kˆ
1   1
Δ = | AB × AC | = −2 −4 2
2 2
2 1 −5

1 ˆ
= (i (20 – 2) − jˆ(10 – 4) + kˆ( −2 + 8))
2

1
= 18iˆ – 6 ˆj + 6kˆ = 99
2
Distance between orthocenter and circumcenter is

R 1 − 8 cos A cos B cos C

abc  3  7  8 
= 1− 8  −   
4Δ  2 5   2 15   5 3 

90 24 30 7×8×3×8
= 1+
4 × 99 2 × 2 × 5 × 15 15

30 × 2 × 3 × 2 7×2×3×8
= 1+
4 × 99 5 × 15

45 2 7 × 16
= 1+
99 25

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108 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)

45 2 25 + 112
=
99 25

45 2 137 274
= =3
99 25 11

9 274
=
99
             
11. If a × (b × c ) + (a ⋅ b )b = ( 4 − 2β − sin α )b + (β 2 − 1)c and (c ⋅ c )a = c , b, c being non-collinear then

π π π π
(1) α = , β = −1 (2) α= , β = −1 (3) α= , β =1 (4) α= , β =1
2 3 3 2
Sol. Answer (4)
      
a × (b × c ) + (a.b )b = (4 − 2β − sin α )b + (β2 − 1)c
      
⇒ (a.c )b − (a.b )c + (a.b )b = (4 − 2β − sin α )b + (β2 − 1)c
Comparing, we get
 
a.c + a.b = 4 − 2β − sin α … (i)

a.b = 1 − β2 … (ii)
  
Also (c.c )a = c
  
⇒ (c.c )(a.c ) = (c.c )
 
⇒ ((a.c ) − 1)(c.c ) = 0
⇒ a.c = 1 , or c.c = 0 … (iii)
By (i), (ii), (iii)

1 + 1 − β2 = 4 − 2β − sin α

⇒ β2 − 2β + 2 − sin α = 0

(β − 1)2 + (1 − sin α ) = 0

Is valid only when β = 1 , sin α = 1

π
⇒ β = 1, α = .
2
[Miscellaneous]
       
12. Let a = 2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ and b = iˆ + ˆj . If c is a vector such that a ⋅ c = c , c − a = 2 2 and the angle between
     
(a × b ) and c is 30º, then the value of (a × b ) × c is

2 3
(1) (2) (3) 2 (4) 3
3 2
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 109
Sol. Answer (2)
     
| (a × b ) × c ) | = | a × b || c | sin 30°

iˆ ˆj kˆ
 
a×b = 2 1 −2 = iˆ(0 + 2) − ˆj (0 + 2) + kˆ(2 − 1) = 2iˆ − 2 jˆ + kˆ
1 1 0

 
| a ×b | = 4 + 4 +1 = 3

    
But | c − a |2 = c 2 + a 2 − 2a.c

⇒ 8 = c 2 + 9 − 2c

⇒ c 2 − 2c + 1 = 0

⇒ (c − 1)2 = 0
⇒ c=1

   3
⇒ | (a × b ) × c |= 3 × 1× sin 30° =
2

       
13. If r = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj − 5kˆ, a = 2iˆ − jˆ + kˆ, b = iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ , c = −2iˆ + ˆj − 3kˆ such that r = λa + μb + γc , then

λ
(1) μ, , γ are in A.P. (2) λ, μ, γ are in A.P.
2

λ γ λ
(3) , μ, are in A.P. (4) μ, , γ are in G.P.
2 2 2

Sol. Answer (1)

(3iˆ + 2 ˆj − 5kˆ ) = λ(2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ ) + μ(iˆ + 3 ˆj − 2kˆ ) + γ( −2iˆ + jˆ − 3kˆ )

⇒ 2λ + μ − 2γ = 3 …(i)

−λ + 3μ + γ = 2 …(ii)

λ − 2μ – 3 γ = −5 …(iii)

By (i), (ii), and (iii)

μ = 1, γ = 2, λ = 3
λ
μ, , γ are in A.P.
2
       
14. Let a, b and c be three vectors having magnitudes 1, 1 and 2 respectively. If a × (a × c ) + b = 0 , the
 
acute angle between a and c is

π π π 2π
(1) (2) (3) (4)
6 3 4 3
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110 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)

Sol. Answer (1)

   
a × (a × c ) = −b

    
(a.c )a − (a.a )c = −b
 
Let angle between a and c is θ

  
⇒ (2 cos θ)a − c = −b
  
⇒ | 2 cos θa − c |2 = | b |2

⇒ 4 cos2 θ.a 2 + c 2 − 2 ⋅ 2 cos θ(a.c ) = b 2

⇒ 4 cos2 θ + 4 − 4 cos θ × 2 cos θ = b2 = 1

⇒ 4 − 4 cos2 θ = 1

3
⇒ cos θ =
2

π
⇒ θ=
6
    
15. If the vectors a and b are perpendicular to each other, then a vector v in terms of a and b satisfying the
      
equations v ⋅ a = 0, v ⋅ b = 1 and [v a b ] = 1 is

           
b a×b b a×b b a×b b a×b
(1)  +   (2)  +   (3)  +   (4)  +  
| b | | a × b |2 | b |2 | a × b |2 | b |2 | a × b | |b | |a×b |

Sol. Answer (2)

    
Let v = xa + yb + z(a × b )

     
⇒ v .a = xa.a + yb.a + za.(a × b ) … (i)

     
⇒ v .b = xa.b + yb.b + zb.(a × b ) … (ii)

            
⇒ v .(a × b ) = xa.(a × b ) + yb(a × b ) + z(a × b ).(a × b ) … (iii)

       
but a.b = b.a = a(a × b ) = b.(a × b ) = 0

  
also v .b = 1, v .a = 0, [v a b ] = 1

Putting these values in (i), (ii), (iii) respectively, we get

1 1
x = 0, y = ,z =   2
b2 |a×b |

  
 b a×b
⇒ v= 2+  2
| b | |a×b |

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 111

SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)
  
1. Let α = aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ, β = biˆ + cˆj + akˆ and γ = ciˆ + aˆj + bkˆ be three coplanar vectors with a ≠ b ≠ c and
 
V = iˆ + jˆ + kˆ . Then V is perpendicular to
        
(1) α + β (2) β+γ (3) γ+α (4) α+β+ γ
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
For coplanar vectors
a b c
b c a =0
c a b

⇒ −(a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3abc ) = 0
⇒ (a + b + c )(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 − ab − bc − ca ) = 0
⇒ a+b+c=0
 
α + β = (a + b)iˆ + (b + c ) ˆj + (c + a)kˆ
    
(α + β).(iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) = 2(a + b + c ) = 0
  
Hence α + β ⊥ v
  
Similarly (β + γ ).v = 0
     
and ( γ + α ).v = 0 so (α + β + γ ).(iˆ + yˆ + kˆ ) = 0
Hence options (1), (2), (3), (4) are correct.
        
2. If a + 2b + 3c = 0 , then a × b + b × c + c × a is equal to
     
(1) 6 (b × c ) (2) 2 (a × b ) (3) 3 (c × a ) (4) 0

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)

     
Let y = a × b + b × c + c × a
  
(1) if a = −(2b + 3c )
     
y = a×b + b ×c + c ×a
       
= −(2b + 3c ) × b + b × c + c × ( −2b − 3c )
       
= 3b × c + b × c + 2b × c = 6(b × c )

 
 a + 2b
(2) If c = −
3
   
    −a − 2b   – a − 2b  
⇒ y = a × b + b ×   +   × a
 3   3 
 
⇒ y = 2(a × b )
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112 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)

    
 −(a + 3c )   −a − 3c   −a − 3c    
(3) If b = ⇒ y = a× + × c  + (c × a )
2  2   2 
Hence options (1), (2), (3) are correct.
     
3. The vector (a ⋅ b ) c − (a ⋅ c ) b is perpendicular to
    
(1) b (2) a (3) c (4) b ×c
Sol. Answer (2, 4)
    
Let d = (a.b )c − (a.c )b
    
d.a = (a.b )(c.a ) − (a.c )(b.a ) = 0
 
Hence a is perpendicular to d
         
d.(b × c ) = ((a.b )c − (a − c )b ).(b × c )
       
= (a.b )[c.(b × c )[ −(a.c )[b.(b × c )]
   
= (a.b )(0) − (a.c ).(0) = 0
   
Hence vector d is perpendicular to a and b × c .
Hence options (2, 4) are correct.
        
4. Let a, b, c be three non-zero vectors such that [ a b c ] = | a | | b | | c | then
       
(1) a ⋅ b = b ⋅ c (2) b ⋅c = c ⋅a
         
(3) c ⋅ a = a ⋅ b (4) a × ( b × c ) = (a × b ) × c
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
      
[a.b.c ] = a.(b × c ) = a.(| b | | c | sin θ)nˆ
   
Where ‘θ’ is angle between b and c and n̂ is the unit vector perpendicular to the plane containing b and c . If

the angle between a and nˆ is φ.
    
⇒ [a b c ] = | a | | b | | c | | n | sin θ cos φ
  
= | a | | b | | c | sin θ cos φ
     
But [a b c ] = | a | | b | | c |

⇒ sin θ.cos φ = 1 … (i)

Equation (i) is valid only when θ = 90º , φ = 0º

  
Hence vectors a, b, c are mutually perpendicular
 
⇒ a.b = b.c = c.a = 0
     
and a × (b × c ) = (a × b ) × c
Hence options (1), (2), (3) & (4) are correct

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 113
5. Which of the following expressions are meaningful?
           
(1) u × (v × w ) (2) (u ⋅ v ) ⋅ w (3) (u ⋅ v ) w (4) u × (v ⋅ w )

Sol. Answer (1, 3)

Vector product or scalar product is only done between vectors.
        
6. If a = iˆ + 2 jˆ + 3kˆ, b = −2iˆ + jˆ + kˆ, c = 10 jˆ − kˆ and a × (b × c ) = ua + vb + wc , then

(1) w = 0 (2) w = –3 (3) u=0 (4) v = 17

Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)
  
(iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ) × ( −2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) × (10 ˆj − kˆ ) = ua + vb + wc

⇒ u = 0, v = 17 and w = – 3
       
7. Let a, b and c be three vectors having magnitude 1, 1 and 2 respectively. If a × (a × c ) + b = 0, then

    π
(1) b ⋅ c = 1 (2) Angle between a and c is
3

     
(3) a ⋅ b = 0 (4) a × ( b × c ) = 3b

Sol. Answer (1, 3, 4)

     
(a ⋅ c ) a − c + b = 0

  
⇒ 2cos θ a = c − b

   
⇒ 2cos θ = a ⋅ c − a ⋅ b
 
= 2cos θ − a ⋅ b
 
⇒ a⋅b = 0
   
Now (2cos θ) a ⋅ b = b ⋅ c − 1
 
⇒ b ⋅c = 1
 
Also 4cos2 θ = 4 + 1 − 2 b ⋅ c

⇒ 4cos2 θ = 3

π         
⇒ θ=± and a × (b × c ) = ( a ⋅ c ) b − (a ⋅ b )c
6

3
= b
2
   
8. The vector sum of a and b trisect the angle θ between them. If | a |= a,| b |= b, a < b , then

−1  2b   a    a2 + b2   a2 − b2
(1) θ = 3cos   (2) θ = 3cos−1   (3) |a+b| = (4) |a+b| =
 a   2b  b b

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114 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)

Sol. Answer (2, 4)

θ b sin θ
tan =
3 a + b cos θ   
b a +b
θ θ θ 2θ
⇒ a sin + b sin cos θ = 6 sin θ cos
3 3 3 3
θ/3
θ 2θ 
⇒ a sin = b sin a
3 3

θ θ θ
⇒ a sin = b2 sin cos
3 3 3

θ a
⇒ cos =
3 2b

−1  a 
⇒ θ = 3cos  
 2b 

  θ θ
and | a + b |= a2 + b2 + 2ab cos θ = a2 + b2 + 2ab  4cos3 − 3cos 
 3 3

 4a3 a 
= a2 + b2 + 2ab  −3 
3 2b 
 8b

a4
= a2 + b2 + 2
− 3a 2
b

a4 a2 − b2
= b 2 − 2a 2 + 2
=
b b

a2 − b2
=
b
  
9. The position vectors of the vertices A, B, C of a triangle ABC are a, b and c respectively. It is given that
     
a × b = c and a and b are non-collinear. If d , the position vector of the centroid of triangle ABC makes equal
  
angles say ‘θ’ with the vectors a, b and c , then
   
(1) | a |≠| b | (2) |a| =|b|

1   2  
(3) θ = cos−1 if a ⋅ b = 0 (4) θ = cos −1 if a ⋅ b = 0
3 3
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
 
 a + b + a × b
Let d =
3

  | a |2 + a ⋅ b  
Now, d ⋅ a = =| d || a | cos θ …(i)
3
 
  | b |2 + a ⋅ b  
d ⋅b = =| d || b | cos θ …(ii)
3
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 115

   | a × b |2   
d ⋅ (a × b ) = =| d || a × b | cos θ …(iii)
3
From (i) and (ii),
     
| a | + a⋅b | b | + a⋅b
 = 
3|a| 3|b|

 
   a⋅b 
⇒ (| a | − | b | )  1 −    = 0
 | a || b | 
   
⇒ | a | = | b | as a and b are non-collinear

From (ii) and (iii)

 
 | b |2 + a ⋅ b
| b |=  
|a×b |
   
⇒ | b |3 sin φ =| b |2 (1 + cos φ) (‘φ’ is the angle between a and b )

  1 + cos φ
⇒ |b| =|a|=
sin φ

        
(a + b + a × b ) (a + b + a × b )
Now | d |2 = ⋅
3 3

     
| a |2 + | b |2 + 2a ⋅ b + | a × b |2
=
9
 
⇒ 9 | d |2 =| a |2 ( 2 + 2cos φ+ | a |2 sin2 φ )

 
⇒ 9 | d |2 = | a | (2 + 2cos φ + (1 + cos φ)2 )
 
⇒ 9 | d |2 = | a |2 (1 + cos φ)(3 + cos φ)

  
a×b
Now | d | cos θ =
3

  
| a || b | sin φ
⇒ | d | cos θ =
3


| a |2 sin φ
⇒ cos θ = 
| a | (1 + cos φ)(3 + cos φ)

1 − cos φ
⇒ cos θ =
3 + cos φ

1 −1 1  
⇒ cos θ = or θ = cos when a ⋅ b = 0 .
3 3

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116 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)

10. The volume of a right triangular prism ABCA′B′C′ is equal to 3. If the position vectors of the vertices of the
base ABC are A(iˆ + kˆ ), B(2iˆ), C( jˆ), then the position vectors of the vertex A′ can be

(1) 2(iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) (2) 2 ˆj (3) −2 ˆj + 2kˆ (4) −2 ˆj

Sol. Answer (1, 4)
Volume = 3

Attitude = AA′ = 6
Let A′ = (x, y, z)

AA′ = ( x − 1, y , z − 1)
 
AB × AC
Take nˆ = ±  
| AB × AC |
⇒ 6nˆ = AA′ = ±(iˆ + 2 jˆ + k )

= ( x − 1)iˆ + yjˆ + ( z − 1)kˆ

So x – 1 = ± 1, y = ± 2, z – 1 = ± 1
x = 2, 0 y = 2, –2, z = 2, 0

So A′ = 2iˆ + 2 jˆ + 2kˆ or −2 jˆ

11. The angles of a triangle, two of whose sides are represented by vectors 3(aˆ × bˆ ) and bˆ − (aˆ ⋅ bˆ ) aˆ where b
 
is a non-zero vector and a is a unit vector in the direction of b , are

 1 
(1) tan−1( 3) (2) tan−1   (3) cos–1 (0) (4) tan–1 (1)
 3
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
  
Let V1 = 3(a + b )
A
    
V2 = b − (a ⋅ b ) a
 
V1 ⋅ V2 = 0
π
π θ −θ
⇒ A= 2
2 B C
Using sine rule,
    
b − (aˆ ⋅ b ) a 3 |a×b |
| |=
sin θ cos θ
      
1 b − (a ⋅ b )a 1 | (a × b ) × a |
⇒ tan θ = |   |=  
3 |a×b | 3 |a×b |
  
1 | a × b || a | sin90° 1
=   =
3 |a×b | 3
π
⇒ θ=
6

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 117
      
12. If x × b = c × b and x ⊥ a , then x is equal to
           
b × (a × c ) (b × c ) × a a × (c × b ) a ⋅ (b × c )
(1)   (2)   (3)   (4)  
b ⋅c b ⋅a a⋅b a⋅b
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
   
x×b = c ×b
     
⇒ a × ( x × b ) = a × (c × b )

  
 a × (c × b )  
⇒ x=   (as x ⊥ a )
a⋅b
        
Also a × (c × b ) = −(c × b ) × a = (b × c ) × a
    
13. Let a = 2iˆ − j + kˆ, b = iˆ + 2 jˆ − kˆ, c = iˆ + jˆ − 2kˆ be three vectors. A vector in the plane of b and c , where

 2
projection on a is of magnitude is
3

(1) 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 3kˆ (2) 2i + 3 ˆj + 3kˆ (3) −2iˆ − ˆj + 5kˆ (4) 2iˆ + ˆj + 5kˆ

Sol. Answer (1, 3)

  
Required vector d = a × λb = (1 + λ )iˆ + (2 + λ ) ˆj − (1 + 2λ )kˆ

 
d ⋅a 2
According to question  =
|a| 3

2(1 + λ ) − (2 + λ ) − (1 + 2λ ) 2
⇒ =+
4 + 1+ 1 3

⇒ λ = – 3, 1
∴ Required vectors are (1) and (3)
     
14. If a, b and c are non coplanar vectors and x is a real number, then the vectors a + 2b + 3c ,
  
xb + yc and (2x − 1) c are coplanar for

1
(1) All values of y (2) x= (3) x=0 (4) No value of x
2
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)

1 2 3
For vectors to be coplanar 0 x y =0
0 0 2x − 1

⇒ x(2x – 1) y = 0

1
⇒ x = 0,
2

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118 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)

     
15. If x and y be two non-zero vectors such that | x + y | = | x − 2y |, then
     
(1) 2x ⋅ y =| y |2 (2) x ⋅ y =| y |2

  1   1
(3) Least value of x ⋅ y + 2
is 2 (4) Least value of x ⋅ y +  2 is ( 2 − 1)
| y | +2 |y| + 2

Sol. Answer (1, 4)

   
| x + y | = | x − 2y |

⇒ | x + y |2 = | x − 2y |2


  | y |2
⇒ x⋅y =
2

  1 | y |2 + 2 1
Now x ⋅ y =  2 = +  2 −1≥ 2 −1
| y | +2 2 | y | +2

 
16. Let A and B be two points in space with position vectors a and b respectively, then the real number k such
         
that the system of equations | 3r − 2a − b |=| a − b | and {r − ka − (1 − k )b} ⋅ (a − b ) = 0 does not have any
solution, is
(1) zero (2) –5 (3) 5 (4) 8
Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)
 
 2a + b
Let c = , then
3

  1  
| r − c |= | a − b |
3

  1 
Locus of P (r ) is a sphere centred at c (c ) and radius | AB |
3
  
Let ka + (1 − k )b = d
  
⇒ D(d ) lies on the line joining A(a ) and B(b )
   
Also (r − d ) ⋅ (a − b ) = 0

Therefore the locus of the variable point is a plane passing through D(d ) and normal to the plane containing
 
(a − b ) .

Therefore the system possesses no solution if the point D(d ) lies outside the sphere.
    
⇒ | 3d − 2a − b | − | a − b | > 0

⇒ | 3k − 2 | > 1

1
⇒ k> or k > 1
3

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 119

SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
Let k be the length of any edge of a regular tetrahedron (all edges are equal in length). The angle between a
line and a plane is equal to the complement of the angle between the line and the normal to the plane whereas
the angle between two plane is equal to the angle between the normals. Let O be the origin and A, B and C
  
vertices with position vectors a, b and c respectively of the regular tetrahedron.
1. The angle between any edge and a face not containing the edge is

 1  1   3
 1 cos −1  cos−1 
(1) cos −1  (2) (3) cos −1  (4)  2 
2 4  3  
2. The angle between any two faces is

−1 1   1  3  1
(1) cos   (2) cos −1  (3) cos−1  (4) cos −1 
 2 
 3 4   3
  
3. The value of [a b c ]2 is

1 6 1 6 1 6
(1) k 6 (2) k (3) k (4) k
2 3 4
Solution of Comprehension-I
1. Answer (3)
2. Answer (4)
3. Answer (2)
  
| a | = | b | = | c | = k (Let)
   
If we take base ABC then perpendicular vector to ABC is ±(b − a ) × (c − b )
      
n = ±(a × b + b × c + c × a )
    
Let we take edge OA then angle between n and OA is the angle between n and a
 
−1  n.a  −1  [a b c ] 
θ = sin     = sin    
| n || a | | n || a |
As we know that

a.a a.b a.c  k2 k 2 cos 60° k 2 cos 60°

2 
[a b c ] = b.a b.b b.c  = k 2 cos 60° k2 k 2 cos 60°
 
 c.a c.b c.c  k cos 60° k cos 60°
2 2
k2

 1 1
 1 
2 2
 
6  1 1   1  1  1 1  1  1 1 
= k  1 K 6 1  1 −  −  −  +  −  
2 2 =   4  2  2 4  2  4 2 
 
 1 1
1
 2 2 
 

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120 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)

6 3 1 1 1  1 
= K  − × +  − 
 4 2 4 2  4 

6 3 1 k6
= K  − =
4 4 2

k3
⇒ [abc ] =
2

⇒ As a regular tetrahedron the angle between two faces is

   
= sin–1
( a × b) ×b × c [bca] b
= sin–1    
 
a×b b×c a×b b×c

2 2 1
= sin–1 = cos–1
3 3

 3   
n = k2 × n1 + n2 + n3 
2

 3  1 1 1
| n | = k2 × 1 + 1 + 1– 2  + +  = k 2 × 3
2 2 2 2 2

 k3 
 
θ = sin−1  2  = cos−1  1 
 2 3   
 3
k .k 
 2 

Comprehension-II

If b ≠ 0 , then every vector a can be written in a unique manner as the sum of a vector a p parallel to b and

a vector aq perpendicular to b . If a is parallel to b then aq = 0 and a p = a . The vector a p is called the

projection of a on b and is denoted by proj b ( a ). Since proj b ( a ) is parallel to b , it is a scalar multiple

of the unit vector in the direction of b i.e.,

 
proj b (a ) = λU b U b = b 
 |b | 


The scalar λ is called the component of a in the direction of b and is denoted by comp b ( a ). In fact

proj b (a ) = (a ⋅ U b )U b and comp b (a ) = a ⋅ U b

1. If a = −2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and b = 4iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ then proj b ( a ) is

(1) 4iˆ − 3 jˆ + 2kˆ (2) −

13
(
5 ˆ
4i − 3 jˆ + kˆ ) (3)
13
(
5 ˆ
4i − 3 ˆj + kˆ ) (4) −
4 ˆ
11
(
4i − 3 ˆj + 2kˆ )
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 121
Sol. Answer (2)

   a.b 
ˆ
Projection b(a ) =    b
 | b | 

−8 − 3 + 1  4iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ  5 ˆ
=   = − (4i − 3 ˆj + kˆ )
26  26  13


2. If a = −2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and b = 4iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ and a = ap + aq then aq is equal to

(1)
1
13
(
− 3iˆ + jˆ + 9kˆ ) (2)
1
13
(
− 3iˆ − ˆj + 4kˆ ) (3)
2
13
(
− 3iˆ − ˆj + 9kˆ ) (4)
2 ˆ ˆ
13
(
3i + j − 9kˆ )
Sol. Answer (3)

  a.b  ( −8 − 3 + 1) (4iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ )
ap =    bˆ = .
| b | 26 26

5 ˆ
= − (4i − 3 ˆj + kˆ )
13

   5
aq = a − aq = ( −2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ ) + (4iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ )
13

−6iˆ – 2 ˆj + 18kˆ
=
13

2
= ( −3iˆ − ˆj + 9kˆ )
13

3. If a = −2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ , b = 4iˆ − 3 ˆj + kˆ then comp b ( a ) is

5 26 5 26  5
(1) − (2) (3) 5 26 (4)  −  17
13 13  11 

Sol. Answer (1)

  
a.b −8 − 3 + 1 −5 26
Comp b(a ) =  = =
|b| 26 13

Comprehension-III

                 3   7
Let u, v , w be three unit vectors such that u + v + w = a, (u × v ) × w = b, u × (v × w ) = c, a ⋅ u = , a ⋅ v = ,
2 4

| a |= 2, then

1. Vector u is given by
    
 8 4    a+b+c  b c
(1) a + b + c (2) a+b+c (3) (4) a+ +
3 3 3 3 2

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122 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)


2. Vector v is given by
   
   a+c    b c
(1) a + b + c (2) +b (3) − 4b (4) a+ +
2 3 2

3. Vector w is given by
   
a+b b −c 4   4  
(1) (2) (3) (a + b ) (4) (b − c )
3 3 3 3

Solution of Comprehension-III
1. Answer (1)
2. Answer (3)
3. Answer (4)
   
u +v +w = a

      3
⇒ 1+ u ⋅ v + u ⋅ w = a ⋅ u =
2

    1
⇒ u ⋅v + u ⋅w =
2

    3
Similary v ⋅ u + v ⋅ w =
4

    1
and u ⋅ w + v ⋅ w = −
4

      1  
From above u ⋅ v + v ⋅ w + u ⋅ w = and v ⋅ w = 0
2

  3   1
Also u ⋅ v = , u ⋅ w = −
4 4
                     
Now using (u × v ) × w = b and u × (v × w ) = c , we get (u ⋅ w )v − (u ⋅ v )w = c and (u ⋅ w )v − (v ⋅ w )u = b given

   4  
us v = − 4b and w = (b − c )
3
   
Thus a = u + v + w

  8 4
⇒ u =a+ b+ c
3 3
Comprehension-IV
Let the internal angle bisectors AD, BE and CF of a triangle ABC meet at the point I the incentre of triangle
  
ABC let ‘r ’ be the inradius of triangle ABC. And a, b, c denote the position vectors of the points A, B and C
respectively and let BC = α, CA = β and AB = γ
1. The position vector of the incentre l is given by
           
a+b+c αa + β b + γc αa + βb + γc α a + β b + γc
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 2 α+β+ γ

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 123
 
2. IB ⋅ IC is equal to

2 B C  B C   A 
(1) r cosec   cosec   (2) r 2 cosec   cosec   sin  
2 2 2 2 2

2 B C  A  A B C
(3) −r cosec   cosec   sin (4) −r 2cosec   cosec   sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
 
3. | IB × IC | is equal to

2 B C  B C  A
(1) r cosec   cosec   (2) r 2cosec   cosec   cos
2 2 2 2 2

2 B C  A B C  A
(3) r cosec   cosec   cosec (4) r 2cosec   cosec   sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
Solution of Comprehension-IV
1. Answer (4)
A
BD AB γ
= =
DC AC β
E
F
  I
β b + γc αγ
∴ P.V of D = and BD =
β+γ β+γ

In triangle ABD
B D C

ID BD αγ γ
= = =
IA AB β + γ β + γ
γ

 
 (β + γ )( γc + βb )
∴ I = αa +
β+γ
α+β+ γ

  
αa + β b + γc
=
α+β+ γ

2. Answer (3)

      B C 
lB ⋅ lC = | lB || lC | cos  180° −  +  
  2 2 

B C 
{
= r cosec   r cosec   − sin
2 2
A
2 }
B C  A
= −r 2 cosec   cosec   sin
2 2 2
3. Answer (2)
  B C  A
| IB × IC |= r 2 cosec   cosec   cos
2 2 2

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124 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)

SECTION - D
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Match the area/volume of column-I and column-II
Column-I Column-II

3
(A) Triangle with vertices ( −iˆ + 2 jˆ + 3kˆ ) , (p)
2
(2iˆ − ˆj − kˆ ), (iˆ + ˆj − kˆ )

2
(B) Tetrahedron with vertices (0, 0, 0), (1, 1, –1) (q)
3
(1, –1, 1), (–1, 1, 1)

89
(C) Tetrahedron with vertices (–1, 0, 1), (2, –1, 0) (r)
2
(1, 2, 5), (1, 2, 1)

16
(D) Triangle with vertices (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (1,1,1) (s)
3
Sol. Answer : A(r), B(q), C(s), D(p)

(A) Area of triangle = | A |

 iˆ ˆj kˆ
Where, A = 1 3 −3 −4
2
−1 2 0

⇒  1
A = | iˆ(0 + 8) − ˆj (0 − 4) + kˆ(6 − 3))
2
 1
⇒ A = | 8iˆ + 4 ˆj + 3kˆ |
2

⇒  89
| A|=
2

1− 0 1− 0 −1 − 0
1
(B) Volume = 6 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 1 − ( −1)
−1 − 1 1 − ( −1) 1 − 1

1 1 −1
1
= 6 0 −2 2
−2 2 0

1
= [1(0 − 4) − 1(0 + 4) − 1(0 − 4)]
6

1
= [ −4 − 4 + 4]
6

2
Volume =
3
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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 125

2 + 1 −1 − 0 0 − 1 3 −1 −1
1 1 16
(C) v = 1 − 2 2 + 1 5 − 0 = −1 3 5 =
6 6 3
1− 1 2 − 2 1− 5 0 0 −4


(D) Area = | A |

iˆ jˆ kˆ
 1
| A | = −1 1 0
2
1 0 1

1 ˆ
= [i (1 − 0) − ˆj ( −1 − 0) + kˆ(0 − 1)]
2

1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
= [i + j − k ]
2

 3
⇒ | A|=
2
  
2. Let a, b, c be any three vectors then match the following

Column-I Column-II
         
(A) a × (b + c ) + b × (c + a ) (p) [c b a ] a
         
(B) a × (b × c ) + b × (c × a ) (q) [c b a ] b
      
(C) (a × b ) × (c × b ) (r) (a × b ) × c
      
(D) (a × b ) × (c × a ) (s) (a + b ) × c
Sol. Answer : A(s), B(r), C(q), D(p)
                
(A) a × (b + c ) + b × (c + a ) = a × b + a × c + b × c + b × a = (a + b ) × c
                    
(B) a × (b × c ) + b × (c × a ) = (a.c )b − (a.b )c + (b.a )c − (b.c )a = (a.c )b − (b.c )a = (a × b ) × c

                   
(C) (a × b ) × (c × b ) = [(a × b ).b ]c − [(a × b ).c ]b = −[a b c ]b = [c b a ]b

                   
(D) (a × b ) × (c × a ) = [(a × b ).a]c − [(a × b ).c ]a = 0 − [a b c ]a = [c b a ]a

3. Match the following

Column-I Column-II
(A) ABCD is a rhombus whose diagonals intersects at P then, (p) Unit vector
   
PA + PB + PC + PD is
   1 
(B) If magnitude each of a, b, c is and a is perpendicular to the plane (q) Zero vector
2
    π   
of b and c and the angle between b and c is , then a + b + c is
3

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126 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)

i + j + k
(C) A point I is the centre of the circle inscribed in a triangle ABC. Then (r)
2 3
     
BC IA + CA IB + AB IC is
        
(D) If a, b, c are three non-zero vectors such that a × b = c and b × c = a (s) Non-zero vector

then b is
1   
(t) (
i + j +k )
3
Sol. Answer A(q), B(p, s), C(q), D(p, s)
(A) Obviously

   1   1 1 1 1
(B) a = b = c = , b . c = . . =
2 2 2 2 8

   
a.b = 0 = a.c

  2
Now a + b + c = 1

(C) Let I as origin then

  
aa+bb+cc
Given vector =0
a+b+c

  
(D) a, b, c are perpendicular to each other

        
as 0 = a a b  = a . c, a . b = 0 = a . c

    
Now ( a × b ) .c = c 2 = a 2 = a. ( b × c )
  
Then a × b = c  a b = c  b = 1

4. Match the following

Column I Column II
    
(A) If a and b are vectors such that | a + b | = 29 and a × (2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ ) (p) –1

  
= (2iˆ + 3 jˆ + 4kˆ ) × b , then ( a + b ) ⋅ ( −7iˆ + 2 jˆ + 3kˆ ) can be equal to

          
(B) If a + λb + μc = 0 , and a × b + b × c + c × a = 0, then (λ + μ) is equal to (q) –3

        
(C) If a + 2b 2b + c 5c + a  = λ a b c  , then λ is equal to (r) 12

(D) If the volume of a parallolepiped where edges are represented by −12iˆ + λkˆ, (s) Zero

3 ˆj − kˆ and 2iˆ + ˆj − 15kˆ is 546, then λ is equal to

(t) 4

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 127
Sol. Answer A(t), B(p), C(r), D(q)
  
(A) (a + b ) × (2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ ) = 0
 
⇒ a + b = λ(2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ )

⇒ 4 + 9 + 16 ⋅ λ = ± 29
⇒ λ=±1

Now ± (2iˆ + 3 jˆ + 4kˆ ) ⋅ ( −7iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ ) = ± ( −14 + 6 + 12) = ± 4

       
(B) a × b = μ(b × c ) and c × a = λ(b × c ) clearly λ + μ = – 1

        
(C) a + 2b 2b + c 5c + a  = 12 a, b, c 

−12 0 λ
(D) According to question 0 3 −1 = 546  λ = −3
2 1 −15

SECTION - E
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
     
1. STATEMENT-1 : Let a, b be two vectors such that a ⋅ b = 0 , then a and b are perpendicular.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Two non-zero vectors are perpendicular if and only if their dot product is zero.
Sol. Answer (1)
     
2. STATEMENT-1 : Let P (a ), Q (b ) and R (c ) be three points such that 2a + 3b − 5c = 0 . Then the vector area
of the ΔPQR is a null vector.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Three collinear points form a triangle with zero area.
Sol. Answer (1)
  
2a + 3b − 5c = 0 and 2 + 3 – 5 = 0 hence points are collinear and the area of the triangle is zero.

3. STATEMENT-1 : The vector iˆ bisects the angle between the vectors iˆ − 2 ˆj − 2kˆ and iˆ + 2 jˆ + 2kˆ .

and
 
   a b 
STATEMENT-2 : The vector along the angle bisector of the vector a and b is given by ±   ±   where
| a | | b |
  

| a |,| b | ≠ 0 .
Sol. Answer (3)
      
4. Let u and v be unit vectors inclined at an angle θ such that for some vector w , w + w × u = v .
 
STATEMENT-1 : u ⋅ w = cos θ .
and
 
STATEMENT-2 : | u × v | = sin θ .

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128 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)

Sol. Answer (2)

   
w +w ×u = v

dot product by u
     
u.w + u.(w × u ) = u.v
   
⇒ u.w = | u || v | cos θ
 
u.w = cos θ
      
| u × v | = || u || v | sin θnˆ |=| u || v || n | sin θ = sin θ

            3
5. STATEMENT-1 : If a, b, c are unit vectors such that a + b + c = 0 then a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a = − .
2
and
     
STATEMENT-2 : ( x + y )2 = | x |2 + | y |2 +2( x ⋅ y ) .
Sol. Answer (1)
     
(a + b + c )2 = a 2 + b2 + c 2 + 2(a.b + b.c + c.a )
  
⇒ 0 = 3 + 2(a.b + b.c + c.a )

   3
a.b + b.c + c.a = −
2
           
6. STATEMENT-1 : If a × b = c × d and a × c = b × d , then a − d is perpendicular to b − c .
and

STATEMENT-2 : If P and Q are perpendicular then P ⋅Q = 0 .

Sol. Answer (4)
   
a×b = c ×d … (i)
   
a×c = b×d … (ii)
       
a×b −a×c = c ×d − b×d
     
⇒ a × ( b − c ) = (c − b ) × d
     
a × (b − c ) + (b − c ) × d = 0
   
(a − d ) × ( b − c ) = 0
   
⇒ a − d is parallel to b − c
Hence statement-1 is false, but statement-2 is true.

7. Let the vectors PO, QR, RS, ST , TU and UP represent the sides of a regular hexagon.

STATEMENT-1 : PQ × RS + ST ≠ 0( )
and
 
STATEMENT-2 : PQ × RS = 0 and PQ × ST ≠ 0

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 129
Sol. Answer (3)
  
PQ and RS + ST are not parallel, thus
  
PQ × (RS + ST ) ≠ 0
 
Again PQ and RS are not parallel, thus
 
PQ × RS ≠ 0

∴ Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false

SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
     
1. If x1, x2 , x3 and y1, y 2 , y 3 are two sets of non-coplanar vectors such that

  0, if r ≠ s

xr . y s =  where r, s = 1, 2, 3
2 if r = s
     
the value of  x1 x2 x3   y1 y 2 y 3  is

Sol. Answer (8)

   
x1 . y 2 = 0, x1 . y 3 = 0
  
So x1 || ( y 2 × y 3 )
  
⇒ x1 = λ ( y 2 × y 3 )
    
 x 1 . y 1 = λ  y 1 y 2 y 3 

2
 λ =   
 y 1 y 2 y 3 

 2  
So x1 =    . ( y 2 × y 3 )
 y 1 y 2 y 3 

Similarly

 2  
x 2 =    . ( y 3 × y 1 )
 y 1 y 2 y 3 

 2  
x 3 =    . ( y 1 × y 2 )
 y 1 y 2 y 3 

   8    2
∴  x1 x 2 x 3  =    3  y 1 y 2 y 3 
 y 1 y 2 y 3 

     
  x 1 x 2 x 3   y 1 y 2 y 3  = 8

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130 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)

      
2. Let a, b, c are three vectors of which every pair is non collinear, and the vectors a + 3b and 2b + 3c are collinear
     
with c are a respectively. If b . b = 1 , then find 2a + 9c .
Sol. Answer (6)
  
Given a + 3b = λc
  
2b + 3c = μa
   
 2b + 3c = μ ( λc − 3b )
 
 ( 2 + 3μ ) b + ( 3 − μλ ) c = 0
2
 μ=−
3
   
Thus, 2a + 6b + 9c = 0
  
 2a + 9c = 6 b = 6

         2
3. If a = jˆ − kˆ and c = iˆ + jˆ + kˆ are given vectors, and b is such that a ⋅ b = 3 and a × b + c = 0 then b is equal
to _______.
Sol. Answer (6)
  
a × b = −c
    
a × (a × b ) = −a × c
     
⇒ (a.b )a − (a.a )b = c × a
   
⇒ 3a − 2b = c × a
 3a − c × a
⇒ b=
2
iˆ ˆj kˆ
 
and c × a = 1 1 1 = iˆ( −1 − 1) − ˆj ( −1) + kˆ(1) = −2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
0 1 −1

 3( ˆj − kˆ ) − ( −2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ )
⇒ b=
2
 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − 4kˆ
⇒ b= = iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ
2
 
⇒ | b | = 6 ⇒ | b |2 = 6 .
          1     λ+μ+t
4. If d = λ (a × b ) + μ (b × c ) + t (c × a ), [a b c ] = and d ⋅ (a + b + c ) = 8 then equals ______.
8 32
Sol. Answer (2)
   
d .(a + b + c ) = μ[abc ] + λ[abc ] + t [abc ]
8 = [abc ][μ + λ + t ]

1
8= [λ + μ + t ]
8

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 131

⇒ λ + μ + t = 64

λ+μ+t
⇒
32

64
⇒ =2
32

              k
5. If [b c d ] = 24 and(a × b ) × (c × d ) + (a × c ) × (d × b ) + (a × d ) × (b × c ) + ka = 0 then is equal to ______.
16

Sol. Answer (3)

         
(a × b ) × (c × d ) = (a.c × d )b − (b.c × d )a
   
= [acd ]b − [bcd ]a … (i)
         
(a × c ) × (a × b ) = (a.d × b )c − (c.d × b )a
     
= [adb ]c − [cdb ]a … (ii)
         
and (a × d ) × (b × c ) = (a × d.c )b − (a × d .b )c
      
= [adc ]b − [adb ]c … (iii)

Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get

           
( a × b ) × ( c × d ) + ( a × c ) × (a × b ) + ( a × d ) × ( b × c )
      
= −[bcd ]a − [cdb ]a
 
= −2[bcd ]a

 
= −2 × 24a (∵ [b cd ] = 24)
 
= −48a = −ka (Given)
On comparison, we get
k = 48

48
⇒ = =3
16
        
6. If (a × b ) ⋅ (b × c ) × (c × a ) = (a ⋅ b × c ) k find k.

Sol. Answer (2)

     
(a × b ).[(b × c ) × (c × a )]
       
= (a × b ).[[bca ]c − [bcc ]a]
   
= (a × b ).[[bca]c − 0]
 
= [abc ]2 = [abc ]k

⇒ k =2

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132 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)

 
7. A plane π passes through the point (1,1,1) and is parallel to the vectors b = (1, 0, − 1) and c = ( −1, 1, 0) . If π meets
the axes in A, B, and C, and V be the volume of the tetrahedron OABC, then 2V is equal to
Sol. Answer (9)

iˆ jˆ kˆ
   1 0 −1
n = b×c = = iˆ(0 + 1) − ˆj (0 − 1) + kˆ(1 − 0) = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ
−1 1 0
Equation of the plane
1( x − 1) + 1( y − 1) + 1( z − 1) = 0

x+y +z =3
⇒ A = (3, 0, 0)
and B = (0, 3, 0)
and C = (0, 0, 3)

⇒ OA = 3iˆ

⇒ OB = 3 ˆj

⇒ OC = 3kˆ

3 0 0 
1  27 = 4.5
Volume of tetrahedron V = 0 3 0  =
6 6
0 0 3 
⇒ 2V = 4.5 × 2 = 9

p p 2 1 + p3
 
If q q 1 + q = 0 and the volume of parallelopiped formed by the vectors A = iˆ + pjˆ + p 2 kˆ, B = iˆ + qjˆ + q 2 kˆ
2 3
8.
r r2 1+ r3

and C = iˆ + rjˆ + r 2 kˆ is 5. Find p 2q 2r2.
Sol. Answer (1)

1 p p2
  
V = [A B C ] = 1 q q2 = 5 ...(i)
2
1 r r

p p 2 1 + p3

Given, q q2 1+ q3 = 0
r r 2 1+ r 3

p p2 1 p p 2 p3
q q2 1 + q q2 q3 = 0
r r2 1 r r2 r3

1 p p2 1 p p2
1 q q 2 + pqr 1 q q 2 = 0
1 r r2 1 r r2

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 133
(pqr + 1)(5) = 0
⇒ pqr = –1
⇒ p 2q 2r 2 = (–1)2 = 1
     
9. Let a = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj , b = 4 ˆj + 3kˆ . How many vectors c are there so that a , b , c are when taken pairwise are equally
  
inclined and a = b = c ?
Sol. Answer (2)

Let c = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ
  
a = b = c ⇒ x2 + y2 + z2 = 25 ...(i)
     
a ⋅b b ⋅c c ⋅a
Also,   =   =  
a b b c c a

⇒ 16 = 4y + 3z – 3x + 4y
⇒ x = z and 3x + 4y = 16
⇒ 41y2 – 256y + 287 = 0
as D > 0 ⇒ y has two real and distinct values.

⇒ Two vectors c satisfying above condition is possible.

 2u  
u

v  
10. If in a triangle ABC, AC =  , BC =  −  , | u | ≠ | v |, then |cos2A + cos2B + cos2C| is equal to
|u | |u | |v |

Sol. Answer (1)

   2u  u 
v 

u

v
AB = AC − BC =  −   −   =  + 
| u | | u | |v | | u | |v |

  | u |2 | v |2 π
⇒ AB ⋅ BC =  2 −  = B =
|u | | v | 2

In a triangle ABC, cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C = – 1 – 4 cos A cos B cos C = – 1

         
11. Let a = 2iˆ + j − 2kˆ, b = iˆ + ˆj . If c is a vector such that a ⋅ c =| c |,| c − a | = 2 2 and the angle between (a × b )

 π   
and c is . Then the value of 4 | (a × b ) × c | is
6
Sol. Answer (6)

      λ
| (a × b ) × c | = | a × b || c | sin
6

iˆ jˆ kˆ
 
Now a × b = χ 2 1 −2 = 2iˆ − 2 ˆj + kˆ
1 1 0
 
⇒ | a × b |= 4 + 4 + 1 = 3

   1 
So 4 | (a × b ) × c |= 3 ⋅ 1⋅ ⋅ 4 = 6 (∴ | c | = 1)
2
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134 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)


12. Line L1 is parallel to vector b1 = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + 4kˆ and passes through the point A(7, 6, 2) and the line L2 is parallel to

vector b2 = 2iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ and passes through the point B(5, 3, 4). Now a line L3 parallel to a vector ( −2iˆ − 2 jˆ − kˆ )

intersects the line L1 and L2 at points C and D respectively, where | CD | is equal to _______

Sol. Answer (9)


P.V of C ≡ r1 = (7iˆ + 6 jˆ + 2kˆ ) + λ(3iˆ + 2 jˆ + 4kˆ )

P.V of D ≡ r2 = (5iˆ + 3 ˆj + 4kˆ ) + μ(2iˆ + ˆj + 4kˆ )
    
CD = r2 − r1 . Also CD || r

So CD = α( −2iˆ − 2 jˆ − kˆ )

By composing we get λ = 2, μ = 1, α = 3

⇒ | CD | = 9

 2 2    π
13. Let | x | = , | y | = 1 and the angle between x and y is . If a parallelogram is formed with adjacent sides
3 4
     
a = x − 3y and b = 5 x + 2y , then the length of the shorter diagonal is

Sol. Answer (5)

  2
x⋅y =
3
   
a + b = 6x − y
     
⇒ | a + b |2 = 36 | x |2 + | y |2 −12x ⋅ y

8 2
= 36 ⋅ + 1 − 12 ⋅
9 3
= 25
   
a − b = − 4 x − 5y
     
⇒ | a − b |2 = 16 | x |2 + 25 | y |2 + 40 x ⋅ y

8 2
= 16 ⋅ + 25.1 + 40 ⋅
9 3

128 80
= + 25 + > 25
9 3
   
So (a + b ) is the shorter diagonal and | a + b |= 5
          
14. If a, b, c are vectors such that | a | = 3, | b | = 4, | c | = 5 and (a + b ) is perpendicular to c , (b + c ) is
      
perpendicular to a and (c + a ) is perpendicular to b , then the value of | a + b + c | where [·] represents the
greatest integer function is

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Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Vector Algebra 135
Sol. Answer (7)
  
(a + b ) ⋅ c = 0
   
⇒ a ⋅c + b ⋅c = 0
      
(b + c ) ⋅ a = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = 0
      
and (c + a ) ⋅ b = b ⋅ c + a ⋅ b = 0
     
Adding 2(a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a ) = 0
           
Now | a + b + c |2 =| a |2 + | b |2 + | c |2 +2(a ⋅ b + b ⋅ c + c ⋅ a )

= 9 + 16 + 25
  
So | a + b + c | = 5 2

  
⇒ | a + b + c | = 7

    Area of triangle ABC

15. Let P be an interior point of a triangle ABC such that PA + 2PB + 3PC = 0 . Then the ratio =
Area of triangle APC
is equal to
Sol. Answer (3)

1      
| a×b×b×c +c ×a |
Ar ( ΔABC ) 2
=
Ar ( ΔAPC ) 1  
|a×b |
2
   
Now a + 2b + 3c = 0
    
⇒ (a + 2b + 3c ) × b = 0
    
⇒ 2a × b + 3a × c = 0
    
and a × b + 3c × b = 0
   
⇒ a × b = 3(b × c )
 
     3α   α
Let c × a = α, then a × b = ,b × c =
2 2
 
3α α 
| + +α|
∴ Required ratio = 2 2 =3
|α|

‰‰‰

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