1.

Summarize some generation in British family

William had three: William II, Henry I and Adela. Upon William the Conquerors
death, William II became king. William II didn't marry, and on a bros day out with
Henry died in a hunting accident then gave Henry I the crown, Henry I had at least
26 children of which only two were 100% legit. He declared his daughter would
rule next after his son died in a ship wreck, but when Henry I died while Matilda
was in France, many ignored this while her cousin Stephen raced to Westminster
using faster army diplomacy to get coronated first. Empress Matilda return and
start a decades-long civil war, Matilda never had an official coronation, her
monarchical status is disputed. Ss Stephen's children were either dead,
disinterested, or a nun his crown went to his nephew, Henry II who had four sons:
Henry the Young, Richard I Lionheart, King John and Geoffrey. Another civil war
of disputed monarchs during which Henry the Young died of dysentery, Henry the
Elder died of fever, and Richard I took the crown. After Richard came John and
four eldest son successions in a row: John to Henry III to Edward I to Edward II to
Edward III. Actually, Ed II was overthrown by Isabelle of France the She-Wolf of
France, his wife. After deposing her husband, she acted as regent for their son.
Edward III had five sons: Edward the Black Prince, Lionel of Antwerp, John of
Gaunt, Edmund of Langley, and Thomas Woodstock, none of which would wear
the crown. When Edward III died, his throne would have gone to The Black
Prince, but he was dead at the time so the crown went to his son Richard II. Then
Henry IV who gets the crown and Richard II gets starvation in captivity. Then the
throne goes to Edward III's great, great, grandsons duked it out, even though one of
them was dead for part of the fight, so Henry VI to Edward IV to Henry VI to
Edward IV. Edward IV, on his deathbed left his crown to his son, but being twelve
he needed protection, so Richard, his uncle promised to take good care of him.
Edward V then disappeared under suspicious circumstances that left Richard to
become Richard III. But he didn't stay king for long because Edward III's great,
great, great, great grandson Henry VII took the crown, put a ring on Elizabeth of
York to lock down that royal legitimacy and then sired Henry VIII. Then Henry's
son inheriting the throne at 9 and then he died and Lady Jane Grey became queen
at 16, sort of, in a disputed, until beheaded by Mary, then officially nobody doubts
it Queen. Mary didn't have any kids, and passed the crown to Elizabeth I also not
have children.
Now, this is the point at which we acknowledge, Scotland exists. They'd been
doing their own royal thing which for our purposes joins the English branch where
Edward III's great granddaughter married into it in the 1400s and then goes: James,
James, James, James, James, Mary Queen of Scotts, James. Bringing us back to the
1600s. Henry the VIII's sister also married into this line of the family, James had a
son, Charles I. And then Cromwell didn't like kings and beheaded Charles I:
declaring no royals no longer, making himself The Lord Protector which was in no
way like a king -- even though he was in charge and it was a hereditary office
passed to his son. But the Cornwell’s didn't last giving Charles's son, Charles II,
the ability to reestablish the monarchy. Charles II had lots of children, all of which
were illegitimate leaving his brother, James II next in line. He had Protestant
daughters, one married to a Dutch Prince who by the nature of these things was the
grandson of Charles I. With James so unpopular and William and Mary so popular,
the army and nobles pretty much invited the royal couple to invade and James II
fled William and Mary ruled as co-monarchs, but without children the crown went
to Queen Anne, who also didn't produce any heirs. And then, parliament did a
royal reboot to clear the cruft, defining Sophia of Hanover the granddaughter of
James dual numbers to be the new starting point for all claims to the crown.
George I, son of Sophia, was the first king under the new rules, then his son
George II, to George III so the crown continued to calmly descend the family tree
going to George IV, who didn't have any surviving children, to William IV who
had ten children all illegitimate, then passing through his dead younger brother to
Queen Victoria who started her reign in 1837 and made it to just over the finishing
line of the 20th century. After the end of her age, the crown went to her son Edward
VII to George V to Edward VIII. Edward abdicated to his brother George VI --
who was reluctant to take the crown, and then had to oversee World War II and the
subsequent breakup of the British Empire which drained the reluctant King's
health, who died at 56 leaving the crown to Elizabeth the Second, in 1952 at the
age of 25. In early September, 2015, Elizabeth became the longest-reigning Queen
in not just British history, but world history. From Elizabeth II the crown continues
on to Charles, the longest heir apparent in British history, to his son William, to his
son George.

The Queen of England queen Elizabeth II she was born to the former Duke and
Duchess of York who would later go on to become King George VI and Queen
Elizabet, her father was born Albert Frederick Arthur George though he would
later take the title King George VI, he was forced to become a king when his
predecessor King Edward abdicated the throne in order to marry his American
mistress Wallis Simpson his eldest daughter Queen Elizabeth. The second would
go on to marry Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark but here's where the family
tree gets a little overgrown these two are actually second cousins once removed
through King Christian the 9th of Denmark and third cousins through Queen
Victoria the great-great-grandmother of Queen Elizabeth the second Queen
Elizabeth the second has a sister Princess Margaret Countess of Snowden she
married photographer Antony Armstrong Jones who then became Earl of Snowden
the couple had two children David and Sarah then then they divorce. David
married Serena Elaine Armstrong Jones the two have two children Charles Patrick
and Margarita.  His sister Lady Sarah married Daniel Chatto and have 2 children,
Samuel David Benedict Chatto and Arthur Robert Nathaniel Chatto. Queen
Elizabeth II and prince Philip have four children together, Prince Charles of Wales,
royal princess Anne, Prince Edward Earl of Wessex and Prince Andrew Duke of
York the eldest. Prince Charles who was married to the late Princess Diana they
have two children Prince William and Prince Harry, later Prince Charles would go
on to marry his longtime paramour Camilla. Prince William Duke of Cambridge
married the fabulous Kate Middleton (the Duchess of Cambridge) they have 3
children Prince George, Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis these kids are third
fourth and fifth in line for the throne. the younger brother of Prince William is
Prince Henry of Wales best known by his nickname Prince Harry his partner is
former actress and socialite Megan Marple he currently 6th in the line for the
throne. The next of Queen Elizabeth children and her only daughter Princess Royal
Anne, when she was born, she was third in line for the throne behind her mother
and oldest brother Charles but currently she's 13th in line. Her first marriage was to
a man named Mark Phillips, they have 2 children Peter and Zara Phillips, then
Anne went on to marry Timothy Laurence those two have no children together.
Princess Anne’s son Peter is the eldest grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince
Philip, he in 14th in line for the throne and he married a woman named Autumn
Kelly, the two had two children they gave Queen Elizabeth II her first great
grandchild Savanna, they also have another daughter Isla Elizabeth. Peters’ sister
Zara is 17th in line for the throne and married Mike Tindall, the two have a
daughter Mia Grace Tindall and they will soon be welcoming a second child.
Queen Elizabeth II third child is Prince Andrew married Sarah Ferguson, the two
are divorce, they have 2 children Princess Beatrice of York and Princess Eugenie
of York. Prince Andrew was born second in line and is currently 7th. Princess
Eugenie engagement to Jack Brooksbank, Beatrice and Eugenie are 8 and 9 in line
to the throne. The youngest child of Queen Elizabeth II is Prince Edward married
Sophie Rhys Jones, he was born third in line for the throne but is now 10th in line.
His oldest child is Louise Windsor and their son James is the Queen's youngest
grandchild.
2. How to become British monarch
When you died usually your eldest son kept control over that army and so the
crown relocated to his head, though, of course, someone with a bigger army could
change the political landscape quite abruptly. As time marched on and the world
grew less violent eventually in 1701 Parliament established a set of rules to transfer
the crown from one head to another -- hopefully with less turmoil than before. So
here's how the 1701 rules work:
Frist: don't be Catholic. The British Monarch is also the head of the Church of
England to which the monarch much convert if not already a member. Except that
if you're Catholic, no crown for you. The history of the royal family and how this
rule came to be is a story for another time, but suffice it to say that bigger-army
diplomacy was involved. Second: don't be a bastard. Sometimes it's good to be the
king, but it's never good to be the illegitimate children of the king -- who are out of
line for the crown literally from the moment of their conception. If you're related to
the monarch but are either a Catholic or a bastard or both, the crown has the
delightful term Naturally Dead to refer to you and your lack of right to succession.
Third spouses don't count. While people often think of kings and queens as a pair:
that's not the way it works here. Spouses of Monarchs are known as Royal
Consorts. They may be called 'prince' or 'queen' but as far as the crown is
concerned, they're not in line for the throne, they're just the matching 23
Chromosomes needed for the creation of the real heir. Fourth and Finally: Male
Primogeniture This is the algorithm of inheritance. When the Monarch dies -- or
abdicates but usually dies the crown goes to the eldest son who isn't naturally dead.
If there happens to be an elder daughter tough luck to her: baby brother gets the
crown. It's Simple enough, but there are non-obvious cases: take a king with two
sons: if the eldest dies before the king does, obviously the crown goes to the
youngest now oldest brother. But what if the eldest son gave the king a grandson
before death? Where does the crown go then? Well, the crown basically pretends
that everyone -- except the naturally dead is alive: so upon the death of the king the
crown goes to his eldest son who is now sort of the king who just really happens to
be dead so the rule kicks in again, and the crown goes to his son, not as seems
obvious now, his brother. But if this 1701 rule means that eldest sons get the
crown, how did queens ever come to be? Basically, daughters were the last choice
of the crown, which is why there have been so few. To get the crown, a daughter
had to be either the only child of the monarch or the eldest child without competing
brothers. So pregnant mothers must have made any daughters with queenly
aspirations quite nervous. Now sometimes the branch of a family tree dies out: be
it from war or plague or whatever so the crown's contingency plan if it's at a dead
end is to back up one level, and then apply the rules forward again looking for a
living head to sit upon. If no luck, back up again, and repeat and repeat until a
living heir is found. And there will always be an heir. From the first king through
the new millennium, the various rules when along, making monarchs, though with
a gender biased result, that no one seemed too bothered about until suddenly, in
2013 for no particular reason at all, everyone decided that the rules needed to be
updated. So, Parliament and the Monarchy got together and made some changes:
most notably striking the male part of rule 4. From 2013 on the crown views all
royal sons and daughters with equal favor. The only thing that matters is the order
of their birth. So prior to 2013 the boy in a set of fraternal twins in development
could sit back, secure that the crown would be his no matter what happened on
delivery day, but in the post 2013 gender-equal world it's now a race for the door to
win the crown.