FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES

AS222 CHM420 LAB

REPORT
EXPERIMENT 6: ACID AND BASES

NAME AUNI SAKINAH BINTI NOR HASNAN

MATRIK NO 2022887772

CLASS GROUP AS2221MI

LECTURER’S NAME DR. AMIRAH AMALINA BINTI TARMIZI

LAB’S MEMBERS 1. NURAIN NADHIRAH BINTI ZAKUAN

2. NURUL NAJWA NABILA BINTI AHMAD SHAHIR
3. SITI SHAZWANIE HAIRUL ANUAR

DATE OF EXPERIMENT 4/11/2022

DATE OF SUBMISSION 20/11/2022

TITLE

Experiment 6: Acid and bases

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of the experiment is to study the properties of acidic/basic substances using the indicator and
a pH meter.

INTRODUCTION

The acid and bases reaction is the chemical reaction that is used to determine the pH. This reaction occurs
between an acid and a base. In this reaction, acid and base undergo complete or incomplete ionization
when it is dissolved in the water and are separated as strong acid, strong base, weak acid, or weak base.
The indicator or pH meter is used to determine the pH of the solution. The Ka and Kb of acid and base
dissociation constant can be determined by doing the experiment. For example, a weak acid (HA) dissolves
in the water and is then divided into an equal volume portion. The weak acid molecules present are
converted into A ions when the solution is titrated with sodium hydroxide. Example :

OH- + HA —> H2O + A-

Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]=[H+]=10-pH

The A ions produced is equal to the number of moles of HA in the original solution. The Ka can be
determined by measuring the pH of a half-neutralized sample of the acid. The indicator is used to show
the change in colour of the solution after the titration process. The pH of the solution was measured by
pH meter.
CHEMICALS APPARATUS

Sample solution A

Sample solution B

Unknown acid solution

Indicators ( thymol blue, bromophenol‚ methyl orange and phenolphthalein)

Test tube

Conical flask

Beaker

Pipet (25 ml) Burette

pH meter

METHOD

REFER THE JOTTER*

PROCEDURE

A. pH using indicator

1. 1-2 ml of sample solution placed into a test tube and 1- 2 drops of thymol blue added into the
same test tube.
2. The colour change of the solution recorded.
3. The step repeated with different indicator which is bromophenol blue and methyl orange.

B. Determination of Ka for a weak acid.

1. 0.2 M of NAOH solution added into a buret.

2. 25 ml of unknown acid solution pipette into a conical flask. 3-5 drop phenophtalien added into the
same conical flask.
3. The acid solution titrated until the faint persistent pink colour appears.
4. 25 ml of unknown solution added into the titrated solution.
5. The pH of the solution recorded.

C. Strong acid-base titration.

1. The buret filled with 0.2 M HCI

2. 25 ml of 0.2 M NaOH transfered into conical flask using pipet. 3-5 drops of phenophtalein added
into the same beaker.
3. The pH meter calibrated at pH 7 and pH 4.
4. The pH of NaOH measured and recorded in Table 6.2
5. 10 ml of HCI added into the NaOH solution.
6. The HCI continued added and the pH of the solution recorded.
DATA
QUESTIONS

1. Estimate the pH of Sample 1 and Sample 2

Answer: pH of sample 1 is 3, pH of sample 2 is 4.4

2. Which indicator bracketed the pH color change of Sample 1?

Answer: Bromophenol blue

3. Which indicator bracketed the pH colors change of Sample 2?

Answer: Methyl orange

4. From the observed pH of the unknown weak acid (experiment B), calculate:

i. H+ in the solution of Ka.

ii. Percentage ionization.

Answer:

i- [H+] in the solution and Ka

pH = (log [H+])
4.65 = (log[H+])
[H+] = 10-4.65
= 2.24 x 10-5

In water, NaOH dissociates to form H+

pH = 4.65

Ka = [H+] = 10 -pH
Ka = 2.24 x 10-5

ii- % ionization = (2.24 x 10-5)/ 0.2 x 100%

= 1.12 x 10-2%

5. Construct a titration curve by plotting measured pH versus volume HCI (ml) added.

1. What is the pH range for the colour change of phenolphthalein as shown in the plotted graph?
2. What is the pH of the equivalence points in this titration?
3. Explain why phenolphthalein was used in this experiment?

Answer:

1. 2.27<pH≤11.72
 2. (11.72 + 2.27) /2
=(13.7) /2
=6.99

3. Phenolphthalein is used as an indicator in this experiment because it also is another type of weak
acid. The phenolphthalein is colourless and the ion is a light pink ion. When the titration processes,
the addition of hydrogen ions in the solution will shift the position of equilibrium to the left and
turn the solution to light pink solutions. Since the phenophtalein's indicator is light pink, so it easy
to detect if teres any reaction occurs. So, phenolphthalein was used as an indicator in this
experiment.

DISCUSSION

The acid and base undergo complete of incomplete when it dissolves in the water. The indicator is used to
determine the change in the solution after to solutions react with each other. The indicator used in this
experiment is Thymol blue, Bromophenol blue, methyl orange and phenolphthalein.

During experiment part A, the original solution of samples 1 and 2 is colourless when the indicator was
added to it, the colour of the solution changed. When the thymol blue was added into both sample
solutions, the colour changed to light pink while sample solution B changed to light blue.

When bromophenol blue was added to the sample solution, the solution change from colourless to yellow
in sample solution 1 and turned purple in sample solution 2.

Sample solution 1 turns pink and sample solution 2 turns yellow when methyl blue is added to it.

The estimated pH for sample solution 1 is 3. This is because the solution turns yellow when bromophenol
blue is added to it which is the same as the pH of the colour change listed in the table. while the pH of
sample solution 2 is 4.4.

The titration was used to determine the concentration of the unknown solution. The indicator is used to
give a signal to end the titration which is called an endpoint.

In this experiment, the indicator used during the titration is phenolphthalein. the light pink solution occurs
after 2.24 x 10-5 of NaOH added into the unknown solution and the pH of the solution is 4.65.
CONCLUSION

1. The estimated pH for sample solution 1 is 3 and sample solution 2 is 4.4.

2. The indicator bracketed for pH colour sample solution 1 is bromophenol blue
3. The indicator bracketed for pH colour sample solution 2 is methyl orange.
4. The amount of NaOH added into unknown solution is 2.24 x 10-5l and the pH is 4.65

REFERENCE

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-base_reaction

2. Michael B. Smith. (2015). Organic Chemistry: An Acid-Base Approach, Second Edition.Boca Raton
: Tarloy and Francis Group.

3. Anne Marie. (2019). pH pKa Ka pKb and Kb explained. Retrieved on

January 9, 2022from https://www.thoughtco.com/ph-pka-ka-pkb-and- kb-explained-4027791

4. LibreTexts. Aug 16, 2020. Calculating a Ka Value From a Known pH. Retrieved on January 9. 2022
from https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Textbook
Maps/Supplemental Modules (Physical and Theoretical Chemistry)/Acids and Bases/lonization
Constants/Calculating A K a Value FromA MeasuredPh