Paper and reel fault-finding checklist

Classification
T- Holes
---!??I
Cuts
Where to look and 1
web
wrinkles Other
It to look for

Core Reel end Reel body

1. Sheet defects-holes
1.1 slime hole X
1.2 water drop hole X
1.3 plucking hole X
1.4 wire hole X
2. -Sheet defects-cuts
2.1 sliver, shive
2.2 hair cut
2.3 calender cut
3. Wiiding defects
3.1 slack start X
3.2 winder wrinkle
3.3 burst in reel
3.4 uneven winding X
3.5 convex or
concave winding X
3.6 run together at core X
3.1 loose paper
3.8 edge cracks w
4. Slitter defects
4.1 poor slitter cut X (W
4.2 foldover co
5. Splicing defects
5.1 protruding splice
5.2 stuck splice
6. Reel non-uniformity
6.1 soft end X
6.2 baggy web
6.3 rope marking X
7. Core defects
7.1 protruding core X WI
7.2 slipped core X (Xl
7.3 damaged core X
8. Wrapping defects
8.1 glue on end X
9. Transport
and storage damage
9.1 crushed core X
9.2 out-of-round
9.3 starred reel
9.4 body damage X
9.5 edge damage
9.6 head damage
9.7 water damage X
9.8 moisture wrinkle X
1.1 SLIME HOLE.
An area where fungus or bacterial growth often combined with
resin particles, and usually referred to as slime, either replace the
fibers or is superimposed on them

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 1.2 WATER DROP
HOLE.
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A hole in the web
caused by condensed
droplets dripping onto
the not fully dried web
in the paper machine.

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1.3 PLUCKING HOLE.
A hole in the sheet resulting from a group of fibers being
superimposed on the sheet and picked out in the paper machine.
Alternatively resulting from part of the web having adhered to a
roller in the paper machine, this part of the web having
subsequently been torn.
1.4 WIRE HOLE.
A clean hole in the sheet without any contamination or foreign
material present. Generally results from irregular drainage on
the wire in the forming area.
2.1 SLIVER, SHIVE.
A short, straight and fairly smooth cut, randomly located but
most detrimental when located at the edges of the web, caused by
a stiff, unseparated bundle of fibres in the sheet.
2.2 HAIR CUT.
A sharp, smooth cut with no definite length or direction caused by
foreign material such as hair or threads of synthetic felt material
getting into the paper.

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CUT.
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direction. Caused by
creasing in the
machine calender or
in a supercalender
stack. The creases are
sharpened as the web
passes through the
calender and may
split open to produce
cuts in the web.
3.1 SLACK START.
Wrinkles, close to the core and associated with insufficient tension
at the start of the reel in the winder.

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3.2 WINDER WRINKLE.
Wavy wrinkles with an creped texture caused during the winder
operation and often in association with varying sheet thickness
across the web. Wrinkles of this kind occur repeatedly along the
web.
3.3 BURST IN REEL.
Irregular tears in the sheet, often associated with winder wrinkles,
and caused by splitting or bursting during the winding operation.

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$3.4 UNEVEN WINDING.
An in and out pattern of winding at the side of the reel caused by
sideways movement of the sheet or reel core during winding.
Often accompanied by edge cracks, see also 3.8.
3.5 CONVEX OR CONCAVE WINDING.
Caused by sidewards movement of the web during winding or
subsequent shifting of the web in the axial direction.
3.6 RUN TOGETHER AT CORE.
Residual paper on the side of the reel and usually close to the core.
Caused by the sheet overlapping between adjacent reels which are
difficult to break apart after winding.
3.7 LOOSE PAPER.
Loose paper within the reel. May result from bursting or breakage
of the sheet during reel winding. May also be caused by loose
paper having been blown into the reel during winding.

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3.8 EDGE CRACKS.
Tear at the edge of the sheet, usually close to the reel core, and
caused by uneven sheet thickness along the edges of the web or by
improper setting of the reel slitter knives.
4.1 POOR SLITTER CUT.
A rough, irregular edge as compared to a smooth edge. The edge
may appear nicked or torn and slitter dust may also be present.
4.2 FOLDOVER.
A cracked edge or
slight tear in the edge
of the web which is
folded over during
slitting or winding.
5.1 PROTRUDING SPLICE.
One or more plies which protrude from the end of the reel on
splicing. Usually due to insufficient tension when starting up after
making a splice thus causing misalignment.
5.2 STUCK SPLICE.
Defect caused when the splicing tail is torn off unevenly or out of
line so as to expose the splicing tape which sticks to the next ply of
paper.

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6.1 SOFT END.
A condition whereby the edge of the reel feels soft in relation to
adjacent areas. Caused by variations in sheet thickness across the
web.
6.2 BAGGY WEB.
An area across the width of the reel which appears baggy or slack
as the web goes through the press.
6.3 ROPE MARKING.
A narrow band of relatively constant width and running parallel
to the machine direction within which the paper is wrinkled as
shown in the illustrations.
7.1 PROTRUDING
CORE.
Core PIrotruding from
the reel end.
7.2 SLIPPED CORE.
Sheet not tight at the core. May be caused by a slack start or by
drying out and shrinkage of the reel core.
7.3 DAMAGED CORE.
Mechanical damage to the ends of the core caused by excessive
loading by the reel chuck or by improperly designed reel chucks in
the reelstand. Problem can be aggravated by low mechanical
strength of the core.
8.1 GLUE ON END.
Two or more plies glued together at the end of the reel due to glue
getting onto the reel end during wrapping. The same defect may
occur when the reel is made ready in the reelstand if fluid glue is
used. Should not be confused with water damage, see 9.7.
9.1 CRUSHED CORE.
Core crushed and made out-of-round due to hard impact, e.g. by
knocking, dropping or excessive clamping of the reel during
transport and handling.
9.2 OUT-OF-ROUND.
May be caused by hard impact to the reel during transport,
prolonged storage in a horizontal position whilst supporting to the
height of upper tiers or by excessive clamp pressure during truck
handling (see also picture 9.1).
9.3 STARRED REEL.
Caused by the outer part of the reel having been wound more
tightly than the remainder of the reel, often associated with
splicing (sheel effect). The starred appearance which is noticeable
on the reel ends is generally the result of deformation caused by
knocking or dropping the reel during transport and handling.
9.4 BODY DAMAGE.
Damage, e.g. by perforation or gouging, of the body wrapping and
paper caused by scuffing, impact against a sharp object and by
improper clamp truck handling. In the latter case, this type of
damage is likely to occur when the clamp edges are rough or
deformed.
9.5 EDGE DAMAGE.
An indentation or tear in the edge caused by impact or excessive
pressure applied to the edge of the reel, e.g. during clamp truck
handling if the reel is lowered to ground in a tilted position.

WRAPPED UNWRAPPED
9.6 HEAD DAMAGE.
Damage, usually visible as tears or indentations, in the reel ends
caused when the reel is stowed on end on a rough or uncleaned
surface. Can also be caused by rough handling or if the reel is
pushed or dragged along a rough surface.
9.7 WATER DAMAGE.
Caused when the reel is exposed to water. When this occurs, the
affected plies separate as the water dries out. Also causes the
affected plies to stick together for which reason this defect is often
confused with the effect of glue on the reel ends in the press.

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9.8 MOISTURE WRINKLE.
Wrinkles, usually parallel to the machine direction, caused when
a paper with a low moisture content in relation to the humidity of
the surrounding air takes up moisture during transport or
storage.