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27 - Lecture 6 - Inferential Statistics With Two Samples

1. The document discusses different methods for making statistical inferences about the difference between two population means, including situations when the standard deviations are known or unknown, and when using matched samples. 2. An example is provided to illustrate a hypothesis test for the difference in means of driving distances of two golf balls when the standard deviations are known. 3. Matched samples are discussed as a design that can reduce sampling error by eliminating variation between items as a source of error. An example compares delivery times between two express services using matched samples.

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53 views27 pages

27 - Lecture 6 - Inferential Statistics With Two Samples

1. The document discusses different methods for making statistical inferences about the difference between two population means, including situations when the standard deviations are known or unknown, and when using matched samples. 2. An example is provided to illustrate a hypothesis test for the difference in means of driving distances of two golf balls when the standard deviations are known. 3. Matched samples are discussed as a design that can reduce sampling error by eliminating variation between items as a source of error. An example compares delivery times between two express services using matched samples.

Uploaded by

Trần Trọng Qúy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 6

Inferential Statistics with Two Samples


Contents

1. Inferences about the Difference Between Two


Population Means: 𝜎! and 𝜎" Known
2. Inferences about the Difference Between Two
Population Means: 𝜎! and 𝜎" Unknown
3. Inferences about the Difference Between Two
Population Means: Matched Samples
4. Link to a part of P4
Contents

1. Inferences about the Difference Between Two


Population Means: 𝜎! and 𝜎" Known
2. Inferences about the Difference Between Two
Population Means: 𝜎! and 𝜎" Unknown
3. Inferences about the Difference Between Two
Population Means: Matched Samples
4. Link to a part of P4
Estimating the Difference
Between Two Population Means
Estimating the Difference
Between Two Population Means
Interval Es,ma,on of μ1 – μ2 when
σ1 and σ2 are Known
Example

Example: Par, Inc.

Par, Inc. is a manufacturer of golf equipment and has developed


a new golf ball that has been designed to provide “extra
distance.”

In a test of driving distance using a mechanical driving device, a


sample of Par golf balls was compared with a sample of golf
balls made by Rap, Ltd., a competitor. The sample statistics
appear on the next slide.
Example
Example
Example
Hypothesis Tests About μ1 – μ2
when σ1 and σ2 are Known
Example: Par, Inc.

Can we conclude, using α = 0.01, that the mean driving


distance of Par, Inc. golf balls is greater than the mean
driving distance of Rap, Ltd. golf balls?
Example
Example
Contents

1. Inferences about the Difference Between Two


Population Means: 𝜎! and 𝜎" Known
2. Inferences about the Difference Between Two
Population Means: 𝜎! and 𝜎" Unknown
3. Inferences about the Difference Between Two
Population Means: Matched Samples
4. Link to a part of P4
Interval Estimation of μ1 – μ2 when
σ1 and σ2 are Unknown
•
Interval Estimation of μ1 – μ2 when
σ1 and σ2 are Unknown
Exercise

Let us develop a 90% confidence interval estimate of the difference between the mpg
performances of the two models of automobile.
Contents

1. Inferences about the Difference Between Two


Population Means: 𝜎! and 𝜎" Known
2. Inferences about the Difference Between Two
Population Means: 𝜎! and 𝜎" Unknown
3. Inferences about the Difference Between Two
Population Means: Matched Samples
4. Link to a part of P4
Inferences About the Difference
Between Two Population Means:
Matched Samples
• With a matched-sample design, each sampled item
provides a pair of data values.
• This design often leads to a smaller sampling error than
the independent-sample design because variation
between sampled items is eliminated as a source of
sampling error.
Example

Example: Express Deliveries


A Chicago-based firm has documents that must be quickly distributed
to district offices throughout the U.S. The firm must decide between
two delivery services, UPX (United Parcel Express) and INTEX
(International Express), to transport its documents.

In testing the delivery times of the two services, the firm sent two
reports to a random sample of its district offices with one report carried
by UPX and the other report carried by INTEX. Do the data on the next
slide indicate a difference in mean delivery times for the two services?
Use a 0.05 level of significance.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Contents

1. Inferences about the Difference Between Two


Population Means: 𝜎! and 𝜎" Known
2. Inferences about the Difference Between Two
Population Means: 𝜎! and 𝜎" Unknown
3. Inferences about the Difference Between Two
Population Means: Matched Samples
4. Link to a part of P4
A part of P4

• A part of P4: Inferential statistics illustrating the


differences between population and sample based on
different sampling techniques and methods.
• Two sample t-test is an application of today lecture on
your dataset.
THE END

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