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Lesson 1a

This document provides an overview of basic principles of differential equations, including definitions, types, and classifications. It defines a differential equation as an equation containing a derivative or differential. Differential equations can be ordinary or partial, depending on whether they involve one or multiple independent variables. The order of a differential equation refers to the highest derivative, and the degree to the highest power of the derivative. Differential equations can also be classified as linear or nonlinear based on whether dependent variables and derivatives occur only to the first degree. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept.

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Niño Bryle M. Limotan
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200 views

Lesson 1a

This document provides an overview of basic principles of differential equations, including definitions, types, and classifications. It defines a differential equation as an equation containing a derivative or differential. Differential equations can be ordinary or partial, depending on whether they involve one or multiple independent variables. The order of a differential equation refers to the highest derivative, and the degree to the highest power of the derivative. Differential equations can also be classified as linear or nonlinear based on whether dependent variables and derivatives occur only to the first degree. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept.

Uploaded by

Niño Bryle M. Limotan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Topic outline:

➢ What is Differential Equation?


➢ Types of Differential Equation
➢ Order and Degree of Differential Equation
➢ Linear and Non – Linear Differential

By: Engr. Aquim P. Bordomeo


1a: Definition of Differential Equation

What is Differential Equation?

It is an equation which contains derivative or differential.

Examples:

𝒅𝒚 𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟓𝒅𝟐 𝒗 𝟔𝒅𝟐 𝒗
1. +𝒙 𝟐
=𝒙 −𝟏 2. 𝒅𝒙𝟐
+ − 𝒚=𝟎 3. + 𝒅𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐
1b: Types of Differential Equation
1. Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) – an equation in which all the
differential coefficients have reference to a single
independent variable.

2. Partial Differential Equation (PDE) – an equation which contains 2 or more independent


variables and partial derivatives.

Examples:
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟓𝒅𝟐 𝒗 𝟔𝒅𝟐 𝒗 𝝏𝟐 𝒚 𝝏𝒚
1. 𝒅𝒙𝟐
− 𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒙 =𝟎 2. + 𝒅𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 𝟑. 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝒅𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒚𝒅𝒚 = 𝟎 𝟒. 𝟐 − =𝟎
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙
1c: Order and Degree of Differential Equation

Oder of DE – order of the highest derivative appearing in the equation.

Degree of DE – the degree of the highest derivative occurring in it, after the equation expressed in a form
free from radicals.

Examples:

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟐 𝒅𝟑 𝒚
1. − 𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒙 =𝟎 𝟐. 𝒚′′′ − 𝟑𝒚′ = 𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝟑. 𝟏 + ( ) = 𝒚( 𝟑 )
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
1d: Linear and Non – Linear Differential Equation

Linear DE – an equation in which the dependent variables and its derivatives occur only in the 1st degree.

Non – Linear DE – differential equation which does not have the form of the linear differential equation.

Examples:

𝒅𝟐 𝒙
1. 𝒅𝒕𝟐
+ 𝒌𝒙 = 𝟎

𝝏𝟐 𝒚 𝝏𝒚
2. 𝝏𝒙𝟐 − (𝝏𝒙)𝟑 = 𝟎
Exercises: State whether the given Differential Equations is ODE or PDE and Linear or Non – Linear DE.
State also the order, degree, dependent and independent variables.

Dependent Independent Type: Linear / Non - Linear Order Degree


Ordinary/Partial

1. 𝟓(𝒚′′)𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎(𝒚′)𝟑 = 𝟎

𝝏𝟐 𝒚 𝝏𝒚
2. 𝝏𝒙𝟐
− 𝟔 𝝏𝒙 + 𝟓 = 𝟎

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒙
3. + (𝟓𝒕)( 𝒅𝒕 )𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒅𝒕𝟐

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