• The United States has what may be the “ MOST DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM

POLICE SYSTEM” in the world, characterized by an extraordinary degree of

duplication and confliction jurisdiction.
• Although every community is entitled to run its own police department, none can prevent
federal or state officials from conducting local investigations into offenses over which
they have jurisdiction.
Types OF U.S POLICE
1.) MUNICIPAL POLICE
- Includes village, township, city and country police departments, sheriff departments.
2 TYPES OF LOCAL POLICE

Country Sheriff
In charged with the operation of country jail, civil function such as service of eviction notices
and other court orders and police responsibility.
City Police
Most common local police organization. It has jurisdiction in matters that occur in an
incorporated municipality.
2. STATE POLICE
It includes special investigative agencies that concentrates on statewide law enforcement. Also
tasked of regulating traffic and maintaining order and safety on state and federal highways
3. FEDERAL POLICE
Agencies operated by the federal government at the national level.

Some federal agencies having police function

A. Protection of life, property and enforcement of Penal Statutes
1.FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE)
It investigates all violations of federal law except when the enforcement authority was given to
other specific federal agency
2. UNITED STATES SECRET SERVICE ( DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY)
It concerned with investigation of counterfeiting, forging or altering of any of the money or other
securities of the US. It is also in charged of the protection of the President and his family, and of
the executive mansion grounds.
3. BUREAU OF NARCOTICS ( DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY)
It investigates all violations of federal law relating to prohibited drugs
4. IMMIGRATIONS AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE (DEPARTMENT OF
JUSTICE)
It investigates all violations of immigration and naturalization laws, patrol boarders to prevent
surreptitious entry of alien.
b. Protection of the national revenue
1.INTELLIGENCE UNIT OF BUREAU OF INTERNAL REVENUE
Investigation of violations of income tax laws
2. ALCOHOL TAX UNIT OF THE BUREAU OF INTERNAL REVENUE
Violations of Internal Revenue Laws

The titles of U.S police

After finishing of training the graduates are promoted to the rank of the officer. The duty of them
is patrolling the streets. To move to the next stage in three years the officer needs to pass the test
and get a higher education. This test is very difficult and only 5% of all candidates have success.
The Positions
• Sheriff ( He is responsible for the area)
• Vigilante ( has no salary. His duty is to help the police)
• Federal Police (It is the most prestigious kind of the police)
• Police of State ( Catching of thieves, maniacs and drug dealers)
• City police ( Activity is the only on the territory of city)

The system of the ranks in states have differences. For example, there is the system such as
1. Officer/ Detective
2. Sergeant
3. Lieutenant
4. Captain
5. Inspector
6. Chief (1-2-3- stars)
7. Chief of Police
8. Assistant of Commisioner
9. Commisioner in the department of police in New York

The modern police unit often consist of the division of special purpose for solutions of problems
of specific nature. For example, SWAT. If a person wants to get there, he must serve in the
police a minimum of five years

SKILLS
1. Brainpower (ability to use rules in specific cases, skill of analyzing facts, interpret
received information from witness, suspects and victims)
2. Interpersonal Skills ( Ability of establishing contact with colleagues, managers
3. Police Ethics (code of honor, morality, rejection of corruption
4. Maturity of Judgement (ability of making decisions with help of rational judgement, such
as intuition, defending own opinion and prioritization
 5. Personal motivation to be a police officer
6. Self- Discipline ( ability to control)
7. Communication Skill
8. Understanding Skill (understanding the received information)

JAPAN POLICE SYSTEM

• The NPSC has the power to appoint or dismiss the Commisioner-General of the National
Police Agency with the approval of the Prime Minister.
• Appointments and dismissals of Chief of Prefectural Police Headquarter are also made
by the NPSC with the consent of Prefectural Public Safety Commision.
• For the Chief (Superintendent-General) of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department ,
the further approval of the Prime Minister and the consent of the Tokyo Metropolitan
Public safety Commision are required.

National Police Agency (NPA)

• Established under the control of the National Public Safety Commision, head by a
Commisioner-General,it is made up of Comissioner-Generals Secretariat and Five
Bureaus:
• A. Community Safety Bureau
• B. Criminal Investigation Bureau
• C. Traffic Bureau
• D.Security Bureau
• E. Info-Communications Bureau

ATTACHED AGENCY OF THE NPA

A. National Police Academy: provides training to police officers and conduct academic
research.
B. National Research Institute of the Police Science: conducts research in police science
C. Imperial Guards: provides escort to the Emperor, Empress, Crown Prince and other
Imperial family.
: responsible for the security of Imperial Palace.
 NPA REGIONAL BUREAUS
• Exercise control and supervison over regional police offices and provides support with
the prefectural police.
• There are seven (7) Regional Police Bureaus established as local police officers of the
NPA whose jurisdiction extends to all districts except in the areas of Tokyo Prefecture
and Hokkaido.

PREFECTURE LEVEL (LOCAL)

• 1. Prefectural Public Safety Commision (PPSC): established under the jurisdiction of
the respective Prefectural Governors , it controls the prefectural police in its respective
jurisdiction.
• The PPSC may , when necessary , submit recommendations to the NPSC with respect the
dismissal of or disciplinary action against the Chief of a Prefectural Police Headquarters.
• 2. Prefectural Police: jurisdiction is generally confined in their respective prefectures.
• There are 47 Prefectural Police Departments in Japan . The largest is the Tokyo
Metropolitan Police Department , and the next is the Osaka Police Headquarters.
• Superintendent-General : head of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department.

RANK STRUCTURE AND CORRESPONDING

POSITION OF NPA
• Commissioner-General (Keisatsu-cho Chokan): Highest tittle or rank in the npa and
The Chief of National Police Agency of japan
• Superintendent General (Keishi-sokan): He is The Chief of the Metropolitan Police
Department
• Superintendent Supervisor (eishi-kan): Deputy Commisioner Genaral , Deputy
Superintendent General , the Chief of Regional Police Bureau, The Chief of Prefectural
Police Headquarters.
• Chief Superintendent (Keishi-cho): The Chief of Prefectural Police Headquarters.
• Senior Superintendent (keishi-sei): He is The Chief of Police Station his area of
recruitment.
• Superintendent (Keishi): The Chief of Police Station.
 • He is the vice commanding officer of the police station in his area of recruitment
• Police Inspector or Captain (Keibu): he is the leader of the riot company and the squad
sub-commander of the police station as well.
• Assistant Police Inspector or Lieutenant (Keibu-ho): he is the leader of the riot
platoon and squad sub-commander of the police station as well.
• Police Sergeant (Junsa-bucho): he is the field supervisor and leader of the police box.
• Senior Police Officer or Corporal (Junsa-cho): Honorary rank.
• Police Officer, old Patrolman (Junsa): this is the starting point of a police officers
journey in the npa.

MALAYSIA POLICE SYSTEM

MALAYSIA
 Country in Southeast Asia.

 Federal Constitutional is Monarchy

 Consists of 13 States and 3 Federal territories.

 Malaysia is the world’s 44th most populous country.

OVERVIEW OF POLICE SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA

 POLICE AGENCY: The Royal Malaysia police (Polis Diraja Malysia).

 DEPARTMENT: Ministry of home affairs.

 RANKS: Inspector – General of police (Highest)

: Constable (lowest)
MOTTO: TEGAS, ADIL DAN BERHEMAH
“FIRM, FAIR AND PRUDENT”
TYPES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT: Centralized
HEADQUATERS: Located at BUKIT AMAN, KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIA POLICE SYSTEM
 Malaysia Police system or also known as the ROYAL MALAYSIAN POLICE or (RMP).

 MALAY: Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) -Police force of Malaysia.

 The constitution, Control, employment, recruitment, fund, Discipline, duties and powers
of the police force is specified and governed by the POLICE ACT 1967.

ROYAL MALAYSIA POLICE (RMP) ORGANIZATION.

1. Management Department.
2. Logistic Department.
3. Criminal Investigation Division.
4. Narcotics Investigation Division.
5. Internal Security and Public Order Department.
6. The police field force (PFF).
7. Police counter terrorism Unit.
8. Marine Combat Unit (MCU).
9. Federal Reserve Unit (FRU).
10. C4-I Implementations System.
11. The marine Operations Force.
12. Royal Malaysian Police air wing unit.
13. Special Branch
14. Traffic unit
15. Commercial crimes investigation Department
16. Mounted Police.

RMP ORGANIZATION
1. Management Department – tasked with routine of management and administration affairs of
the RMP.
 -it is also the nerve Centre of the RMP and acts as the support services platform for the rest of
the force.
2. Logistics Department – the role is to provide several equipment needed in RMP.
3. Criminal Investigation Division – Deals with the investigation, arrest and prosecution of hard
crimes (Murder, robbery, rape etc.) and petty crimes
(theft, house-breaking etc.).
-also specializes in gambling, vice and secret societies (triads).
4. Narcotics criminal investigation Division – this department function is to fight against
dangerous drugs by enforcing the law to stop and reduce the demand and supply of dangerous
drugs.
5. International Security and public order Department – responsible for traffic control and search
and rescue (SAR) operations.
6. Police field force (PFF) – organized in battalions and was a para-military units of the Royal
Malaysia police. Also known as the JUNGLE SQUAD. Established on 1948.
7. Police Counter – Terrorism Unit – An elite unit of RMP responsible in counter-terrorism
operations.
8. Marine Combat Unit (MCU) or Unit Gempur Marin (UNGERIN) – was established in 2006
and it was fully operational by the end of 2007.
9. Federal Reserve Unit (FRU) or Pasukan Simpanan Persekutuan – its role is riot Suppression,
crowd control, disaster relief and rescue, as well as special operations assistance.
10. C4-I Implementations System (abbreviation for Command, Control, Communications,
Computer-intergrated) – based at police control centre in all police contingents in Malaysia.
11. The Marine Operations Force or (Malay: Pasukan Gerakan Marin) – tasked with maintaining
law and order and coordinating search and rescue operations in the Malaysian Maritime Zone
and on the high seas.
12. Royal Malaysian Police Air Wing Unit or Unit Udara PDRM (UUP) – is a special unit of
royal Malaysia police with a vital role in maintaining national security with thorugh surveillance
and patrol from the air.
13. Special Branch – this department is responsible for collecting intelligence for national
security.
14. Traffic Unit – Responsible in maintaining the flow of traffic.
15. Commercial Crime Investigation Department – this department’s main function is to
investigate, arrest, and prosecute offenders committing white collar crimes such as Fraud, breach
of trust, cyber-crimes, forgery, counterfeiting etc.
16. Mounted Police – Police who patrol on horseback (equestrians) or camelback. They continue
to serve in remote areas and in metropolitan areas where their day-to-day function may be
ceremonial, but they are also employed in crowd because of their mobile mass and height
advantage.

Royal Malaysia Police: RANK

 INSPECTOR GENERAL GRADE:

-INSPECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE

-DEPUTY INSPECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE
-COMMISSIONER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT
-DEPUTY COMMISSIONER POLICE
-SENIOR ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF POLICE
-ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF POLICE
 SUPERINTENDENT GRADE:

-SUPERINTENTENDENT OF POLICE
-DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE
- ASSISTANT COMMISIONER OF POLICE
 INSPECTOR GRADE:

- INSPECTOR
- PROBATIONARY INSPECTOR
 ENLISTED GRADE:

- SUB INSPECTOR -SERGEANT - LANCE

CORPORAL
- SERGEANT MAJOR - CORPORAL - CONSTABLE

FLAG OF ROYAL MALAYSIA POLICE (RMP)

 The flag and insignia of the Royal Malaysia Police has a blue-coloured background
which symbolizes the Malaysian masses. In the Centre of the flag is the PDRM symbol
coloured silver or white. The police symbol is made up of an intersected Kris and Ilang /
Klewang machete. Above the PDRM symbol, there is a tiger head in a garland of Paddy
 flowers, with a scroll underneath bearing the name Polis Diraja Malaysia. Arabic lettering
in the Crown includes the words Allah on the right and Muhammad on the left.

 Moon and star

The Moon and Star symbolizes Islam as the official religion of Malaysia.
 Crown

The crown, depicted on the Royal Malaysia Police insignia, is a panegyric reference to the King
of Malaysia, bestowing the "Royal" title to its name. The words Allah and Muhammad in Arabic,
which respectively symbolize Allah the Almighty and Muhammad as the Messenger, signifies
Islam as the official religion and faith of RMP personnel are willing to uphold justice and the
security of the people of Malaysia.
 Kris and the Ilang sword

The Kris is an important symbol of the Malay Peninsula. This particular weapon was used by
Malay warriors in the past. According to Frey (2003), who concluded from Sir Stamford Raffles'
(1817) study of the Candi Sukuh, the kris came into existence around AD 1361. Others believe
that early forms were inspired by the daggers of the Dong-Son in Vietnam (circa 300 BC). In the
temples of Borobudur (825 CE) and Prambanan (850CE), renderings of the Kris have been
found. The traditional machete, Ilang or Klewang symbolises the states of Sarawak and Sabah in
East Malaysia and it represents the spirit of heroism of a multitude of ethnic tribes such as the
Dayak, Dusun, Bajau and Kadazan.
 Tiger head

The tiger head symbolises courage, strength and spirits of RMP. Previously, RMP used a lion
head as the symbol of courage from 16 September 1963, after the formation of Malaysia, until 15
May 1994, when it was replaced with the tiger head by an official order of Malaysian
government. The former lion head also symbolised the states of Singapore (until 1965) and
Sabah.
 Paddy flower

 Paddy flower is a reference to paddy and rice, the staple food for Malaysians and it
signifies national prosperity.
The recent Prime Minister in Malaysia.
 YAB Dato' Sri Ismail Sabri Yaakob.