CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE

Official Organ of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.

AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK

TABLE OF CONTENTS XXX

. .

• Description p.1
• Audience p.1
• Abstracting and Indexing p.2
• Editorial Board p.2
• Guide for Authors p.4

ISSN: 2467-981X

DESCRIPTION
.

Clinical Neurophysiology Practice (CNP) is a new Open Access journal that focuses on clinical
practice issues in clinical neurophysiology including relevant new research, case reports or clinical
series, normal values and didactic reviews. It is an official journal of the International Federation
of Clinical Neurophysiology and complements Clinical Neurophysiology which focuses on innovative
research in the specialty. It has a role in supporting established clinical practice, and an educational
role for trainees, technicians and practitioners.

Types of manuscripts for consideration include: educational reviews and expert-consensus clinical
practice guidelines, original research papers (including papers reporting normative data), extended
case reports, systematic reviews, editorials, and Letters to the Editor.

As a journal devoted to education and evidence-based clinical practice in the specialty, the
priorities for Clinical Neurophysiology Practice differ from those of our companion IFCN journal
Clinical Neurophysiology. Novelty is a critical issue for research-focused journals such as Clinical
Neurophysiology, but is less important for Clinical Neurophysiology Practice. Quality papers may be
rejected by research-focused journals because the studies do not report new advances in knowledge
or are of low (research) impact, or because studies are deemed incremental, confirmatory, negative
or outside journal priorities. However in clinical practice negative studies may be just as important
as positive studies, and well-conceived papers reporting negative data or confirmatory results are
welcome because clinical advances need confirmation before they are introduced into clinical care.
Similarly, case reports can be particularly educational and are welcome. Case reports must have a
neurophysiological focus and illustrate the diagnostic process, using figures that are of high quality.
These reports are not specifically limited in length, the number of figures or the number of references.

AUDIENCE
.

Neurologists, clinical neurophysiologists, neuroscientists, neuroimagers, psychiatrists,

neuropsychologists

AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK 31 Oct 2022 www.elsevier.com/locate/cnp 1

ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING
.

Web of Science
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Google Scholar
Embase
Scopus
PubMed Central
Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)

EDITORIAL BOARD
.

Editor-In-Chief
Margitta Seeck, Geneva University Hospitals Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva, Switzerland
Founding Editor
David Burke, Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital,Sydney Medical School,The University of
Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Associate Editors
Nortina Shahrizaila, University of Malaya Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
ENMG, muscle ultrasound
Niels Focke, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
EEG, Epilepsy
Hatice Tankisi, Aalborg University Hospital Neurology Department and Neurophysiology Department, Aalborg,
Denmark
ENMG, motor neuron disease
Josep Valls-Solé, Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Neurosciences, Barcelona, Spain
ENMG, psychophysiology
Nick Kane, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
EEG, Epilepsy
Editorial Board Members
Jayant Acharya, Neuroscience Institute Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Springfield, United States of
America
Steward Boyd, University College London, Institute of Child Health, Clinical Neuroscience, London, United
Kingdom
Luís Caboclo, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Şão Paulo, Brazil
ICU EEG, Continuous EEG monitoring, EEG and prognostication, Epileptic encephalopathies
Edvard Ehler, Pardubice Hospital, Pardubice, Czechia
Andrew Eisen, The University of British Columbia Department of Medicine Division of Neurology, Vancouver,
Canada
Montserrat Gerez-Malo, Spanish Hospital, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Carlos Heise, Sao Paulo University Department of Neurology, SAO PAULO, Brazil
Peter W. Kaplan, Johns Hopkins Medicine Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Baltimore, United States
of America
EEG, Coma, Encephalopathy, Nonconvulsive Status
Jae-Moon Kim, Chungnam National University Hospital Department of Neurology, Daejeon, South Korea
Letizia Leocani, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
Mingsheng Liu, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
Maggie Marsh-Nation, Alpha eLearning Development and Instructional Design LLC, Kerrville, United States
of America
Janice Massey, Duke University Hospital, Durham, United States of America
Daniel Menkes, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, United States of America
Shabbir Hussain I. Merchant, Harvard Medical School Department of Neurology, Charlestown, United States
of America
Anna Rostedt Punga, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Neurophysiology, neuromuscular junction, myasthenia gravis
Valia Rodríguez, Cuban Neuroscience Centre, Clinical & Applied Neuroscience Division, Havana, Cuba
Masahiro Sonoo, Teikyo University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Department of Neurology,
Itabashi-Ku, Japan
Neuromuscular electrodiagnosis, concentric needle EMG, nerve conduction studies, somatosensory
evoked potentials, neurology, functional neurological disorders
Armando Tello, National Autonomous University of Mexico Neurocampus, Ciudad de México, Mexico

AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK 31 Oct 2022 www.elsevier.com/locate/cnp 2

Ostoja (Steve) Vucic, The University of Sydney, Concord Clinical School, Brain and Nerve Research Centre,
Camperdown, Australia
Neurodegenerative disorders
Kimberley Whitehead, University College London Research Department of Neuroscience Physiology and
Pharmacology, London, United Kingdom
Social Media Editor
Eishi Asano, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Department of Neurodiagnostics, Detroit,
Michigan, United States of America

AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK 31 Oct 2022 www.elsevier.com/locate/cnp 3

GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
.

INTRODUCTION
Clinical Neurophysiology Practice is a stand-alone Open Access journal devoted to improving education
and practice in the specialty. It is a companion journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, the official journal
of the IFCN. Its focus is on clinical practice issues in clinical neurophysiology, including relevant new
research, case reports or clinical series, normal values and didactic reviews. Clarity of methods and
careful presentation of techniques and findings are important aspects for manuscripts submitted to
Clinical Neurophysiology Practice since they determine what clinical best practice is and serve the
educational mission of the journal.

Although novelty is more valuable for a research-orientated journal than for a practice-orientated
journal, all studies published in Clinical Neurophysiology Practice must stand on their own and make
a substantial contribution to the literature. Reports on negative studies can be important, but the
authors should make it clear in the report why the negative findings are clinically important. Studies
in animals are of low priority unless they provide significant new insights into neurophysiological
procedures, and the submission letter should indicate why the submission is relevant to the practice
of this specialty.

Manuscripts are considered for publication on the understanding that the material has not been
previously published, except in abstract form, that it is not simultaneously under consideration by any
other journal, and that the text is original. The Editors reserve the prerogative of requiring the original
data from the authors to compare with the supplied illustrations or results. If accepted, the manuscript
shall not be published elsewhere in the same form, in either the same or another language, without
the consent of the authors and Publisher. Along with all Elsevier journals, all submissions are checked
using specific software (CrossCheck) to identify if text is similar to text in previous publications by
the same or other authors.
Types of Article
The journal welcomes
• Full-length original articles. Methodological/technical reports and studies reporting normative data
on healthy subjects are welcome, provided that they represent an advance on current knowledge
and particularly if they are likely to change clinical practice. Studies that replicate information in the
literature should indicate why it is important to replicate the findings.
• Case reports. The reported cases must be relevant to the practice of clinical neurophysiology
and illustrate the diagnostic process, using figures that are of high quality. These reports are not
specifically limited in length, the number of figures or the number of references.
• Review articles and updates on how to perform diagnostic procedures and their clinical value are
generally by invitation, authored by acknowledged experts in the field, and require a comprehensive
and up-to-date survey of a specific area of clinical practice. Unsolicited reviews should be pre-
approved by the Editors. For review articles, structuring the abstracts is not needed.
• Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the evidence for diagnostic and monitoring (and
therapeutic) procedures are not categorised as authoritative Reviews and do not require Editorial
approval before submission. We treat systematic reviews and meta-analyses as original research
reports, and they should conform to the normal manuscript format, including a structured Abstract.
• Letters to the Editor. Letters may be comments on papers published in this journal, but may present
original research or raise issues of relevance to clinical practice. There should be no abstract, and the
text should be continuous text, with paragraphs but no subsections. Accordingly, subtitles should not
be used. Unless authorised by the handling Editor, the word count should be less than 1000 words,
with one Figure plus/minus one Tables. The number of References should be limited to 5-10.
• Announcement(s) of appointments or of meetings relevant to readership of the journal.
• Editorials are commissioned by the Editors

While original articles, case reports, systematic reviews and reviews are not limited in length,
authors are encouraged to write succinctly, avoid repetitions, jargon, neologisms and abbreviations.
In particular, this journal cautions against the use of non-standard abbreviations because they make
the text difficult to read and may require the reader to refer back to find the definition. Eliminating
all abbreviations does not increase the lengthy of a manuscript significantly.

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Authors must adhere to all relevant Journal guidelines on, e.g., authorship, ethics and disclosure of
conflicts of interest.

All manuscripts submitted to Clinical Neurophysiology Practice, including Letters and Editorials, are
subject to peer review and acceptance is never guaranteed. When appropriate, additional review for
statistical adequacy may also be obtained. Decisions of the Editors are final.
Submission checklist
You can use this list to carry out a final check of your submission before you send it to the journal for
review. Please check the relevant section in this Guide for Authors for more details.

Ensure that the following items are present:

One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address

All necessary files have been uploaded:

Manuscript:
• Include keywords
• All figures (include relevant captions)
• All tables (including titles, description, footnotes)
• Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files provided
• Indicate clearly if color should be used for any figures in print
Graphical Abstracts / Highlights files (where applicable)
Supplemental files (where applicable)

Further considerations
• Manuscript has been 'spell checked' and 'grammar checked'
• All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the
Internet)
• A competing interests statement is provided, even if the authors have no competing interests to
declare
• Journal policies detailed in this guide have been reviewed
• Referee suggestions and contact details provided, based on journal requirements

For further information, visit our Support Center.

BEFORE YOU BEGIN

Ethics in publishing
Please see our information on Ethics in publishing.
Declaration of interest
All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations
that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential competing interests
include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent
applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Authors must disclose any interests in two
places: 1. A summary declaration of interest statement in the title page file (if double anonymized) or
the manuscript file (if single anonymized). If there are no interests to declare then please state this:
'Declarations of interest: none'. 2. Detailed disclosures as part of a separate Declaration of Interest
form, which forms part of the journal's official records. It is important for potential interests to be
declared in both places and that the information matches. More information.
Submission declaration and verification
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in
the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis, see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent
publication' for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that
its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where
the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in

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English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-
holder. To verify compliance, your article may be checked by Crossref Similarity Check and other
originality or duplicate checking software.
Use of inclusive language
Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences,
and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or
commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to
another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health
condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias,
stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek
gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible
to avoid using "he, she," or "he/she." We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer
to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or
health condition unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, we recommend
to avoid offensive or exclusionary terms such as "master", "slave", "blacklist" and "whitelist". We
suggest using alternatives that are more appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as "primary",
"secondary", "blocklist" and "allowlist". These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help
identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.
Contributors
Each author is required to declare their individual contribution to the article: all authors must have
materially participated in the research and/or article preparation, so roles for all authors should be
described. The statement that all authors have approved the final article should be true and included
in the disclosure.
Changes to authorship
Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their
manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any
addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only
before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such
a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason
for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they
agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors,
this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of
authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication
of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue,
any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.
Copyright
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for
more information on this and copyright, see https://www.elsevier.com/copyright). An e-mail will
be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal
Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.

Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution
and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult
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author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s)
in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult
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Author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. For more
information see https://www.elsevier.com/copyright.
Elsevier supports responsible sharing
Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.

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Role of the funding source
You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or
preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in
the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to
submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, it is recommended
to state this.
Open Access
This is an open access journal: all articles will be immediately and permanently free for everyone
to read and download. To provide open access, this journal has an open access fee (also known as
an article publishing charge APC) which needs to be paid by the authors or on their behalf e.g. by
their research funder or institution. Permitted third party (re)use is defined by the following Creative
Commons user licenses (see https://www.elsevier.com/openaccesslicenses):
Open access
Please visit our Open Access page for more information.
Open access publication fee
The open access publication fee for this journal ranges from EURO 500-1,500,
excluding taxes dependent on article type. Learn more about Elsevier's pricing policy:
https://www.elsevier.com/openaccesspricing.
Language (usage and editing services)
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture
of these). Poor language can be a barrier to acceptance because a publication is of little value
if readers cannot understand it. Authors who feel their English language manuscript may require
editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific
English may wish to use the English Language Editing service available from Elsevier's WebShop
(https://webshop.elsevier.com/language-editing-services/language-editing/) or visit our customer
support site (https://service.elsevier.com) for more information.
Submission
Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article
details and uploading your files. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in
the peer-review process. Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your article for
final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for
revision, is sent by e-mail.

PREPARATION
Peer review
This journal operates a single anonymized review process. All contributions are typically sent to a
minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor
is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor's decision
is final. Editors are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have
been written by family members or colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the
editor has an interest. Any such submission is subject to all of the journal's usual procedures, with
peer review handled independently of the relevant editor and their research groups. More information
on types of peer review.
Use of word processing software
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text
should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting
codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word
processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts,
superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each
individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns.
The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see
also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics
will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also the section on Electronic
artwork.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check'
functions of your word processor.

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Article structure
Subdivision - numbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered
1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this
numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be
given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature
survey or a summary of the results.
Methods
This section should provide details of the patient and control subjects where appropriate. There must
be a statement indicating Institutional Ethics Committee approval for procedures on human subjects
(or animals) and informed consent (usually written) from the subjects. The text should indicate that
the studies complied with the 2013 update of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Sufficient detail should be supplied that others can repeat the experiments. For procedures that
have been described in full in previous publications, it is appropriate to abbreviate the details of the
procedures, provided that appropriate references are given. However readers should not have to refer
to these publications to understand what was done.

Details of any statistical analyses should be explained in full.

Results
Results should be clear and concise.
Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results
and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published
literature.
Conclusions
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand
alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in
appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix,
Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
Essential title page information
• Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid
abbreviations and formulae where possible.
• Author names and affiliations. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s)
of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. You can add your name between
parentheses in your own script behind the English transliteration. Present the authors' affiliation
addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-
case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address.
Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the
e-mail address of each author.
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing
and publication, also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about
Methodology and Materials. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details
are kept up to date by the corresponding author.
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was
done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as
a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be
retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

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Structured abstract
A structured abstract, by means of appropriate headings (Objectives, Methods, Results, Conclusions,
Significance), should provide the context or background for the research and should state its purpose,
basic procedures (selection of study subjects or laboratory animals, observational and analytical
methods), main findings (giving specific effect sizes and their statistical significance, if possible), and
principal conclusions. It should emphasize new and important aspects of the study or observations.

For review articles, structuring the abstracts is not needed.

Highlights
Highlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist of three (3) bullet points (one sentence each)
that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted as part of the manuscript-file
in the online submission system. See https://www.elsevier.com/highlights or recent publications in
the journal for examples.
The highlights will help the Editors and Reviewers focus on the important issues in the paper – i.e.,
what is really important in the study.They will help the Editors identify suitable Reviewers.They will
help attract readers to the paper.
Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and
avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing
with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords
will be used for indexing purposes.
Units
Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If
other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.
Artwork
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Embed the used fonts if the application provides that option.
• Aim to use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, Symbol, or
use fonts that look similar.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Size the illustrations close to the desired dimensions of the published version.
• Submit each illustration as a separate file.
• Ensure that color images are accessible to all, including those with impaired color vision.

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available.

You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then
please supply 'as is' in the native document format.
Regardless of the application used other than Microsoft Office, when your electronic artwork is
finalized, please 'Save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution
requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings, embed all used fonts.
TIFF (or JPEG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones), keep to a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF (or JPEG): Bitmapped (pure black & white pixels) line drawings, keep to a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF (or JPEG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale), keep to a minimum of
500 dpi.
Please do not:
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); these typically have a
low number of pixels and limited set of colors;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

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Colour Artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF), or
MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. Colour can enhance the appearance of figures and
can make different traces more easy to distinguish. There is no charge for using colour, and Clinical
Neurophysiology Practice encourages its use. For further information on the preparation of electronic
artwork, please see https://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Figure legends
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure.
Ensure that each illustration has a legend. Supply legends together on a separate page, as well as
below each figure.

A legend should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration.
Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Tables
Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the
relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in
accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be
sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results
described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.
References
Reference links
Increased discoverability of research and high quality peer review are ensured by online links to the
sources cited. In order to allow us to create links to abstracting and indexing services, such as Scopus,
Crossref and PubMed, please ensure that data provided in the references are correct. Please note that
incorrect surnames, journal/book titles, publication year and pagination may prevent link creation.
When copying references, please be careful as they may already contain errors. Use of the DOI is
highly encouraged.

A DOI is guaranteed never to change, so you can use it as a permanent link to any electronic article.
An example of a citation using DOI for an article not yet in an issue is: VanDecar J.C., Russo R.M.,
James D.E., Ambeh W.B., Franke M. (2003). Aseismic continuation of the Lesser Antilles slab beneath
northeastern Venezuela. Journal of Geophysical Research, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000884.
Please note the format of such citations should be in the same style as all other references in the paper.
Web references
As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any
further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.),
should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a
different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
Data references
This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them
in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the
following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year,
and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so we can properly
identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article.
Preprint references
Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, the formal
publication should be used as the reference. If there are preprints that are central to your work or that
cover crucial developments in the topic, but are not yet formally published, these may be referenced.
Preprints should be clearly marked as such, for example by including the word preprint, or the name
of the preprint server, as part of the reference. The preprint DOI should also be provided.
References in a special issue
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and any citations in
the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.

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Reference management software
Most Elsevier journals have their reference template available in many of the most popular reference
management software products. These include all products that support Citation Style Language
styles, such as Mendeley. Using citation plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select
the appropriate journal template when preparing their article, after which citations and bibliographies
will be automatically formatted in the journal's style. If no template is yet available for this journal,
please follow the format of the sample references and citations as shown in this Guide. If you use
reference management software, please ensure that you remove all field codes before submitting
the electronic manuscript. More information on how to remove field codes from different reference
management software.
Reference formatting
There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in any
style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/
book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article
number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by
the journal will be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data
will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct. If you do wish to format the references
yourself they should be arranged according to the following examples:
Reference style
Text: All citations in the text should refer to:
1. Single author: the author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of
publication;
2. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication;
3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication.
Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references can be listed either first
alphabetically, then chronologically, or vice versa.
Examples: 'as demonstrated (Allan, 2000a, 2000b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1999)…. Or, as
demonstrated (Jones, 1999; Allan, 2000)… Kramer et al. (2010) have recently shown …'
List: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if
necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by
the letters 'a', 'b', 'c', etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2010. The art of writing a scientific article. J. Sci.
Commun. 163, 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372.
Reference to a journal publication with an article number:
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2018. The art of writing a scientific article. Heliyon.
19, e00205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205.
Reference to a book:
Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 2000. The Elements of Style, fourth ed. Longman, New York.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Mettam, G.R., Adams, L.B., 2009. How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: Jones, B.S.,
Smith , R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281–304.
Reference to a website:
Cancer Research UK, 1975. Cancer statistics reports for the UK. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/
aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/ (accessed 13 March 2003).
Reference to a dataset:
[dataset] Oguro, M., Imahiro, S., Saito, S., Nakashizuka, T., 2015. Mortality data for Japanese oak
wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions. Mendeley Data, v1. https://doi.org/10.17632/
xwj98nb39r.1.
Reference to software:
Coon, E., Berndt, M., Jan, A., Svyatsky, D., Atchley, A., Kikinzon, E., Harp, D., Manzini, G., Shelef,
E., Lipnikov, K., Garimella, R., Xu, C., Moulton, D., Karra, S., Painter, S., Jafarov, E., & Molins, S.,
2020. Advanced Terrestrial Simulator (ATS) v0.88 (Version 0.88). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/
zenodo.3727209.
Journal abbreviations source
Journal names should be abbreviated according to the List of Title Word Abbreviations.

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Video
Elsevier accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific
research. Authors who have video or animation files that they wish to submit with their article are
strongly encouraged to include links to these within the body of the article. This can be done in the
same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or animation content and noting in the body
text where it should be placed. All submitted files should be properly labeled so that they directly
relate to the video file's content. In order to ensure that your video or animation material is directly
usable, please provide the file in one of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum
size of 150 MB per file, 1 GB in total. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in
the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect. Please supply
'stills' with your files: you can choose any frame from the video or animation or make a separate
image. These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the link to your video data. For
more detailed instructions please visit our video instruction pages. Note: since video and animation
cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic
and the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.
Data visualization
Include interactive data visualizations in your publication and let your readers interact and engage
more closely with your research. Follow the instructions here to find out about available data
visualization options and how to include them with your article.
Supplementary material and Appendices
For Clinical Neurophysiology Practice, Supplementary Material is published as part of the article,
immediately before References, and should be referred to as "Appendix". This keeps the main text
separate from issues that may be of interest only to those who wish to replicate the study. Appendices
will be reviewed and edited if necessary as part of the article.

3D Neuroimaging of Brain Function

As a journal devoted to the function of the nervous system, Clinical Neurophysiology Practice is
interested in papers that use imaging techniques provided that the primary aim is to elucidate
function. Structural imaging is welcome only when it is a component of multi-modal imaging with other
techniques, such as EEG and TMS. You can enrich your online articles by providing 3D neuroimaging
data in NIfTI format. This will be visualized for readers using the interactive viewer embedded within
your article, and will enable them to: browse through available neuroimaging datasets; zoom, rotate
and pan the 3D brain reconstruction; cut through the volume; change opacity and color mapping;
switch between 3D and 2D projected views; and download the data. The viewer supports both single
(.nii) and dual (.hdr and .img) NIfTI file formats. Recommended size of a single uncompressed dataset
is maximum 150 MB. Multiple datasets can be submitted. Each dataset will have to be zipped and
uploaded to the online submission system via the '3D neuroimaging data' submission category. Please
provide a short informative description for each dataset by filling in the 'Description' field when
uploading a dataset. Note: all datasets will be available for downloading from the online article on
ScienceDirect. If you have concerns about your data being downloadable, please provide a video
instead. For more information see: https://www.elsevier.com/3DNeuroimaging.
Research data
This journal encourages and enables you to share data that supports your research publication
where appropriate, and enables you to interlink the data with your published articles. Research data
refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings. To facilitate
reproducibility and data reuse, this journal also encourages you to share your software, code, models,
algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.

Below are a number of ways in which you can associate data with your article or make a statement
about the availability of your data when submitting your manuscript. If you are sharing data in one of
these ways, you are encouraged to cite the data in your manuscript and reference list. Please refer to
the "References" section for more information about data citation. For more information on depositing,
sharing and using research data and other relevant research materials, visit the research data page.
Data linking
If you have made your research data available in a data repository, you can link your article directly to
the dataset. Elsevier collaborates with a number of repositories to link articles on ScienceDirect with
relevant repositories, giving readers access to underlying data that gives them a better understanding
of the research described.

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There are different ways to link your datasets to your article. When available, you can directly link
your dataset to your article by providing the relevant information in the submission system. For more
information, visit the database linking page.

For supported data repositories a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published
article on ScienceDirect.

In addition, you can link to relevant data or entities through identifiers within the text of your
manuscript, using the following format: Database: xxxx (e.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053;
PDB: 1XFN).
Data statement
To foster transparency, we encourage you to state the availability of your data in your submission.
This may be a requirement of your funding body or institution. If your data is unavailable to access
or unsuitable to post, you will have the opportunity to indicate why during the submission process,
for example by stating that the research data is confidential. The statement will appear with your
published article on ScienceDirect. For more information, visit the Data Statement page.

AFTER ACCEPTANCE
Online proof correction
To ensure a fast publication process of the article, we kindly ask authors to provide us with their proof
corrections within two days. Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online
proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to
MS Word: in addition to editing text, you can also comment on figures/tables and answer questions
from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-prone process by allowing
you to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors.
If preferred, you can still choose to annotate and upload your edits on the PDF version. All instructions
for proofing will be given in the e-mail we send to authors, including alternative methods to the online
version and PDF.
We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Please use this
proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and
figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this
stage with permission from the Editor. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back
to us in one communication. Please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent
corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.

AUTHOR INQUIRIES
Visit the Elsevier Support Center ([email protected]) to find the answers you need. Here you will
find everything from Frequently Asked Questions to ways to get in touch.
You can also check the status of your submitted article or find out when your accepted article will
be published.
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