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Worksheet 5

The document is a worksheet that provides information about surveys conducted for railway construction projects. It discusses the factors considered in a reconnaissance survey, the order of typical surveys, and provides details on the objectives and steps of a preliminary survey. The preliminary survey involves establishing horizontal and vertical control points along potential alignments, collecting terrain data, and producing drawings and cost estimates to evaluate alignments. A final location survey provides precise details for construction after an alignment has been selected.

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John Angelo Competente
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270 views

Worksheet 5

The document is a worksheet that provides information about surveys conducted for railway construction projects. It discusses the factors considered in a reconnaissance survey, the order of typical surveys, and provides details on the objectives and steps of a preliminary survey. The preliminary survey involves establishing horizontal and vertical control points along potential alignments, collecting terrain data, and producing drawings and cost estimates to evaluate alignments. A final location survey provides precise details for construction after an alignment has been selected.

Uploaded by

John Angelo Competente
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WORKSHEET 5

Name: COMPETENTE, JOHN ANGELO C. Course/Year: BSCE- 3A

1. What are the various factors to be kept in mind when conduction a


reconnaissance survey for a railway track?
- Countrywide characteristics and the degree of cultivation. local businesses
and religious celebrations. the overall circumstances, including population
density and dispersion as well as local resident affluence. the anticipated
volume of traffic that a new railroad route will carry.
2. Set the order in which the following surveys are carried out for a new railway
alignment: (a) Preliminary survey (b) Reconnaissance survey (c) Final location
survey (d) Traffic Survey
(1) Traffic Survey
(2) Reconnaissance Survey
(3) Preliminary Survey
(4) Final Location Survey

3. Describe in detail the objectives and steps involved in the preliminary survey for
a new railway alignment.
- After choosing some strong alignments, it's time to eventually settle on only
one alignment. But before taking this last step, a preliminary survey  of all the
favorable alignments is done. The preliminary  includes:
(1) A pillar is constructed at the starting point of alignment and this point is
connected to nearby GTS benchmark using fly leveling.
(2) Longitudinal leveling with an interval of 20 or 40 meter is carried out along
the alignment.
(3) Cross leveling with an interval of 100 meter is carried out.
(4) Magnetic bearing of each line of traverse is noted in level book.
(5) A route survey map is prepared which give the details of 100 m land on
both sides of alignment. This can be done by plane table surveying or
prismatic compass surveying.
(6) At every 2km or with regular interval permanent bench marks are
established.
(7) Bearing capacity of soil and water table level is recorded.
(8) A map is prepared for the marked station yards using plane table
surveying.
(9) At river crossings, the details of river like its cross section, width, water
level, HFL, scour depth etc. are noted for a distance up to 1000 meters on
the both sides crossing with an interval of 100 m.
(10) The river bed is bored to find out the depth of foundation required.
(11) With all the recorded readings, a drawing is prepared for the whole
alignment.
(12) For the drawings, an approximate estimate sheet is prepared for
each alignment. Which includes earth works, compensations, cost of
culverts, bridge structures etc.

4. List the various surveys that need to be undertaken for the construction of a new
railway line and outline their essential objectives.
(1) Validation of New railway line construction.
(2) Marking of tentative alignments.
(3) Reconnaissance survey.
(4) Selection of Good alignments.
(5) Preliminary survey of alignment.
(6) Final alignment survey.
(7) Final survey report.

5. Describe briefly the principal features of a preliminary survey.


- The preliminary survey serves as the framework for the entire project.
Accuracy is crucial. Small measurement inaccuracies dispersed widely might
result in trespass and legal difficulties. Geospatial information regarding the
suggested route and the project's demands for data outputs are gathered as
part of the preliminary survey. This includes marking the projected path on the
ground and determining the position of topography and physical features
(both man made and environmental). The preliminary survey goes beyond
simple surveying; it involves identifying the proper horizontal and vertical
datum, the common data libraries, and laying the groundwork for project work
to come.

6. Explain the following briefly (a) reconnaissance survey, (b) preliminary survey, (c)
final location survey.
(a) Reconnaissance Survey - The goal of this survey is to quickly and roughly
investigate the region in order to assess the proposal's technical viability and estimate
the approximate cost of one or more potential replacements for the new line. Without
conducting extensive fieldwork, the reconnaissance survey (RECCE) is often based on
contoured survey maps and other data that is already accessible. The maps are used to
study several potential alignments for the proposed line.
(b) Preliminary Survey - In order to determine the cost of the planned railway line, the
preliminary survey entails a thorough instrumental investigation of the route that will be
chosen as a consequence of the reconnaissance survey. The railway administration
determines whether or not to build the planned railway line based on the preliminary
and traffic survey findings.
(c) Final Location Survey - A final location survey is carried out after the decision to
build a certain railway line has been made. The majority of the instruments employed
are the same as those for the preliminary survey. To prepare working details and, in
certain situations, provide precise cost estimates, a final location survey is completed.
The following are the main distinctions between the preliminary survey and the final
survey.
7. What is the basic difference between a preliminary survey and a final location
survey?
Describe briefly the instruments used in preliminary surveys and the details to be
given in the project report of a final location survey.
- Preliminary survey is the technique of determining the specifics of other
alignments that were deemed satisfactory during the reconnaissance survey.
Final Location survey refers to the in-depth analysis of the field along the
alignment that was ultimately advised during the preliminary survey.
Chain type, prismatic compass, leveling tool, and plane table theodolite are the survey
tools that should be utilized in a preliminary survey.
(a) Chain Type - Chain-type measurements (a) are substantially less precise
than measurements collected from tapes. Depending on the materials used in
their production, tapes may be divided into four different categories.
(b) Prismatic Compass - A prismatic compass is a navigation and surveying tool
that is frequently used to determine the direction, waypoints (the destination of a
route), and bearing of travelling.
(c) Leveling Instrument - a tool used in surveying to gauge a distant location's
height in respect to a reference point (a point for which the height above sea
level is accurately known). It comprises of a telescope that is normally placed on
a tripod and equipped with a spirit level.
(d) Plane Table Theodolite - Plane Table Theodolite is a graphic surveying
technique that combines fieldwork and plotting in real time. When completing the
details between the two stations established using theodolite triangulation
traverse.

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