5

Continuity and
Differentiability
Short Answer Type Questions
Q. 1 Examine the continuity of the function f (x) = x 3 + 2x 2 - 1 at x = 1.
K Thinking Process
We know that, function f will be continuous at x = a, if lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (a) .
x®a- x ® a+

Sol. We have, f(x ) = x 3 + 2 x 2 - 1 at x = 1.

\ lim f(x ) = lim (1 + h)3 + 2 (1 + h)2 - 1 = 2
x ® 1+ h®0

and lim f(x ) = lim (1 - h)3 + 2(1 - h)2 - 1 = 2

x ® 1- h®0

\ lim f(x ) = lim f(x )

x ® 1+ x ® 1-

and f(1) = 1 + 2 - 1 = 2
So, f(x ) is continuous at x = 1.
Note Every polynomial function is continuous at any real point.

ì3x + 5, if x ³ 2
Q. 2 f (x) = í 2 at x = 2.
î x , if x < 2
ì3x + 5, if x ³ 2
Sol. We have, f( x ) = í 2 at x = 2.
îx , if x < 2
At x = 2, LHL = lim (x )2
x ® 2-

= lim (2 - h)2 = lim (4 + h2 - 4h) = 4

h®0 h®0

and RHL = lim (3x + 5)

x ® 2+
= lim [3 (2 + h) + 5] = 11
h®0

Since, LHL ¹ RHL at x = 2

So, f(x ) is discontinuous at x = 2.
 ì 1 - cos 2x
ï , if x ¹ 0
Q. 3 f (x) = í x2 at x = 0.
ïî 5, if x = 0
ì1 - cos 2 x , if x ¹ 0
ï
Sol. We have, f( x ) = í x2 at x = 0 .
ïî5, if x = 0
1 - cos 2 x
At x = 0, LHL = lim
x ®0 -
x2
1 - cos 2(0 - h)
= lim
h®0 (0 - h)2
1 - cos 2 h
= lim [Q cos (- q) = cos q]
h®0 h2
1 - 1 + 2 sin2 h
= lim [Q cos 2 q = 1 - 2 sin2 q]
h®0 h2
2 (sin h)2 é sin h ù
= lim êëQ hlim = 1ú
h®0 (h)2 ®0 h û
=2
1 - cos 2 x
RHL = lim
x ® 0+ x2
1 - cos 2 (0 + h)
= lim
h®0 (0 + h)2
2 sin2 h é sin h ù
= lim 2
=2 êëQ hlim = 1ú
h®0 h ®0 h û
and f(0) = 5
Since, LHL = RHL ¹ f(0)
Hence, f(x ) is not continuous at x = 0.

ì 2x 2 - 3x - 2
ï , if x ¹ 2
Q. 4 f (x) = í x -2 at x = 2.
ï 5, if x = 2
î
ì2 x 2 - 3x - 2
ï , if x ¹ 2
Sol. We have, f(x ) = í x -2 at x = 2.
ï5, if x = 2
î
2 x 2 - 3x - 2
At x = 2, LHL = lim
x ®2 - x -2
2(2 - h)2 - 3 (2 - h) - 2
= lim
h®0 (2 - h) - 2
8 + 2 h2 - 8 h - 6 + 3 h - 2
= lim
h®0 -h
2 h2 - 5 h h ( 2 h - 5)
= lim = lim =5
h®0 -h h®0 -h
2 x 2 - 3x - 2
RHL = lim
x ® 2+ x -2
 2 ( 2 + h)2 - 3 ( 2 + h) - 2
= lim
h®0 (2 + h) - 2
8 + 2 h2 + 8 h - 6 - 3 h - 2
= lim
h®0 h
2
2h + 5h h( 2 h + 5)
= lim = lim =5
h®0 h h®0 h
and f(2 ) = 5
\ LHL = RHL = f ( 2 )
So, f(x ) is continuous at x = 2.

ì | x - 4|
ï , if x ¹ 4
Q. 5 f (x) = í 2 (x - 4) at x = 4.
ï 0, if x = 4
î
ì|x - 4| if
ï , x¹4
Sol. We have, f(x ) = í2(x - 4) at x = 4.
ï 0, if x = 4
î
|x - 4|
At x = 4, LHL = lim
x ® 4- 2(x - 4)
|4 - h - 4| |0 - h|
= lim = lim
h ® 0 2[( 4 - h) - 4] h ® 0 ( 8 - 2 h - 8)
h -1
= lim = and f(4) = 0 ¹LHL
h ® 0 -2 h 2
So, f(x ) is discontinuous at x = 4.

ì| x | cos 1 , if x ¹ 0
ï
Q. 6 f (x) = í x at x = 0.
ïî 0, if x = 0
ì
1
ï|x| cos , if x ¹ 0
Sol. We have, f( x ) = í x at x = 0
ïî0, if x = 0

1 1
At x = 0, LHL = lim |x| cos = lim |0 - h| cos
x ®0 - x h ® 0 0 - h
-1
= lim h cos æç ö÷
h®0 è hø
= 0 ´[an oscillating number between -1 and 1 ] = 0
1
RHL = lim |x | cos
x ® 0+ x
1
= lim |0 + h| cos
h®0 (0 + h)
1
= lim h cos
h®0 h
= 0 ´ [an oscillating number between -1 and 1] = 0
and f(0) = 0
Since, LHL = RHL = f(0)
So, f(x ) is continuous at x = 0.
 ì| x - a| sin 1 , if x ¹ 0
ï
Q. 7 f (x) = í x -a at x = a.
ï 0, if x = a
î
ì 1
ï|x - a| sin , if x ¹ 0
Sol. We have, f( x ) = í x-a at x = a
ï 0, if x = a
î
1
At x = a, LHL = lim |x - a| sin
x ® a- x-a
æ 1 ö
= lim |a - h - a| sin çç ÷÷
h®0
è a - h - a ø
æ1ö
= lim - h sin çç ÷÷ [Q sin (- q) = - sin q]
h®0
è hø
= 0 ´ [an oscillating number between -1 and 1 ] = 0
æ 1 ö
RHL = lim |x - a| sin çç ÷÷
èx - aø
+
x ®a

æ 1 ö 1
= lim |a + h - a| sin çç ÷÷ = lim h sin
h®0
è a + h - a ø h®0 h
= 0 ´ [an oscillating number between -1 and 1 ] = 0
and f ( a) = 0
\ LHL = RHL = f(a)
So, f(x ) is continuous at x = a.

ì e 1/ x
ï , if x ¹ 0
Q. 8 f (x) = í 1 + e 1/ x at x = 0.
ï 0, if x = 0
î

ì e1/ x
ï , if x ¹ 0
Sol. We have, f(x ) = í1 + e1/ x at x = 0
ï0, if x = 0
î
e1/ x e1/ 0 - h
At x = 0, LHL = lim = lim
x ® 0- 1 + e1/ x h®0 1 + e1/ 0 - h
e -1/ h 1
= lim = lim
h®0 1 + e -1/ h e1/ h (1 + e -1/ h )
h®0

1 1 1
= lim = ¥ = [Q e ¥ = ¥ ]
h®0 e1/ h +1 e +1 ¥ +1
1
= =0
1
0
e1/ x
RHL = lim
x ® 0+ 1 + e1/ x
e1/ 0 + h
e1/ h
= lim = lim
h®0 1 + e1/ 0 + h h®0 1 + e1/ h
 1 1
= lim -1/ h
= -¥
h®0e +1 e +1
1
= =1 [Q e - ¥ = 0]
0+1
Hence, LHL ¹ RHL at x = 0.
So, f(x ) is discontinuous at x = 0.

ì x2
ïï , if 0 £ x £ 1
Q. 9 f (x) = í 2 at x = 1.
ï2x 2 - 3x + 3 , if 1 < x £ 2
ïî 2

ì x2
ïï , if 0 £ x £ 1
Sol. We have, f( x ) = í 2 at x = 1
ï 2 x 2 - 3x + 3 , if 1 < x £ 2
ïî 2
x2 (1 - h)2
At x = 1, HL = lim = lim
x ® 1- 2 h®0 2
1 + h2 - 2 h 1
= lim =
h®0 2 2
RHL = lim æç 2 x 2 - 3x +
3 ö
÷
x ®1 è
+ 2 ø

= lim é2(1 + h)2 - 3 (1 + h) + ù

3
h®0 ë ê 2 úû
= lim æç 2 + 2 h2 + 4 h - 3 - 3 h + ö÷ = - 1 + =
3 3 1
h®0 è 2ø 2 2
12 1
and f(1) = =
2 2
\ LHL = RHL = f(1)
Hence, f(x ) is continuous at x = 1.

Q. 10 f (x) = | x | + | x - 1| at x = 1.
Sol. We have, f(x ) = |x| + |x - 1| at x = 1
At x = 1, LHL = lim [|x| + |x - 1|]
x ® 1-

= lim [|1 - h| + |1 - h - 1|] = 1 + 0 = 1

h®0
and RHL = lim [|x| + |x - 1|]
x ® 1-

= lim [|1 + h| + |1 + h - 1|] = 1 + 0 = 1

h®0

and f(1) = |1| + |0| = 1

\ LHL = RHL = f(1)
Hence, f(x ) is continuous at x = 1.
Note Every modulus function is a continuous function at any real point.
 ì3x - 8, if x £ 5
Q. 11 f (x) = í at x = 5.
î 2k , if x > 5
ì3x - 8, if x £ 5
Sol. We have, f( x ) = í at x = 5
î 2 k, if x > 5
Since, f(x ) is continuous at x = 5.
\ LHL = RHL = f(5)
Now, LHL = lim (3x - 8) = lim [3 ( 5 - h) - 8]
x ®5 - h ®0

= lim [15 - 3h - 8] = 7
h®0

RHL = lim 2 k = lim 2 k = 2 k = 7 [Q LHL = RHL ]

x ®5 + h®0
and f(5) = 3 ´ 5 - 8 = 7
7
\ 2k = 7 Þ k=
2

ì 2 x + 2 - 16
ï , if x¹ 2
Q. 12 f ( x ) = í 4 x - 16 at x = 2.
ïî k, if x=2
ì2 x + 2 - 16
ï , if x ¹ 2
Sol. We have, f(x ) = í 4x - 16 at x = 2
ïî k, if x = 2
Since, f(x ) is continuous at x = 2.
\ LHL = RHL = f(2 )
2x × 22 - 24 4 × (2 x - 4)
At x = 2, lim = lim
x ®2 4x - 42 x ®2 (2 x )2 - (4)2
4 × (2 x - 4)
= lim [Q a2 - b 2 = (a + b )(a - b )]
x ®2 (2 x - 4) (2 x + 4)
4 4 1
= lim x = =
x ®2 2 + 4 8 2
But f(2 ) = k
1
\ k=
2

ì 1 + kx - 1 - kx
ï , if - 1 £ x < 0
Q.13 f (x) = í x at x = 0.
2x + 1 if 0 £ x £ 1
ï ,
î x-1
ì 1 + kx - 1 - kx
ï , if - 1 £ x < 0
Sol. We have, f(x ) = í x at x = 0.
2x + 1 if 0 £ x £ 1
ï ,
î x-1
 1 + kx - 1 - kx
\ LHL = lim
- x
x ®0
æ 1 + kx - 1 - kx ö æ 1 + kx + 1 - kx ö
= lim çç ÷×ç
÷ ç 1 + kx +
÷
x ®0 - è x ø è 1 - kx ÷ø
1 + kx - 1 + kx
= lim
x ®0 - x [ 1 + kx + 1 - kx ]
2 kx
= lim
- x 1 + kx + 1 - kx
x ®0
2k
= lim
h ®0 1 + k ( 0 - h) + 1 - k ( 0 - h)

2k 2k
= lim = =k
h ®0 1 - kh + 1 + kh 2
2 ´0+ 1
and f(0) = = -1
0-1
Þ k = -1 [Q LHL = RHL = f(0)]

ì 1 - cos kx
ïï x sin x , if x ¹ 0
Q. 14 f (x) = í at x = 0.
ï ,1
if x = 0
ïî 2
ì1 - cos kx
ïï x sin x , if ¹ 0
x
Sol. We have, f( x ) = í at x = 0
ï 1, if x=0
ïî2
1 - cos kx 1 - cos k (0 - h)
At x = 0, LHL = lim = lim
x ®0 - x sin x h ®0 ( 0 - h) sin ( 0 - h)
1 - cos (- kh)
= lim
h ®0 - h sin (- h)
1 - cos kh
= lim [Q cos (- q) = cos q, sin(- q) = - sin q]
h ®0 h sin h
kh
1 - 1 + 2 sin2
= lim 2 éQ cos q = 1 - 2 sin2 q ù
h ®0 h sin h êë 2 úû
kh
2 sin2
= lim 2
h ®0 h sin h

kh kh
2 sin sin 2
= lim 2 . 2 . 1 . k h/ 4
h ®0 kh kh sin h h
2 2 h
2 k2 k2 éQ lim sin h = 1ù
= =
4 2 êë h ®0 h úû
2
1 k 1
Also, f(0) = Þ = Þ k = ±1 p
2 2 2
 ì x
, if x ¹ 0
ï
Q. 15 Prove that the function f defined by f (x) = í| x | + 2x 2
ï k, if x = 0
î
remains discontinuous at x = 0, regardless the choice of k.
ì x
, if x ¹ 0
ï
Sol. We have, f(x ) = í |x| + 2 x 2
ï k, if x = 0
î
x (0 - h)
At x = 0, LHL = lim 2
= lim
x ®0 - | x| + 2 x h ®0 | 0 - h| + 2( 0 - h)2

-h -h
= lim = lim = -1
h ®0 h + 2 h2 h ®0 h (1 + 2 h)

x 0+ h
RHL = lim 2
= lim
x ®0 + | x| + 2 x h ®0 |0 + h| + 2( 0 + h)2

h h
= lim = lim =1
h ® 0 h + 2h 2 h ® 0 h (1 + 2 h)

and f(0) = k
Since, LHL ¹ RHL for any value of k.
Hence, f(x ) is discontinuous at x = 0 regardless the choice of k.

Q. 16 Find the values of a and b such that the function f defined by

ì x -4
ï x - 4 + a, if x < 4
ïï
f (x) = í a + b, if x = 4
ï x -4
ï + b, if x > 4
ïî| x - 4|
is a continuous function at x = 4.
ì x-4
ï|x - 4| + a, if x < 4
ïï
Sol. We have, f(x ) = í a + b, if x = 4
ï x-4
ï + b, if x > 4
ïî|x - 4|
x-4
At x = 4, LHL = lim + a
- | x - 4|
x ®4
4-h-4 -h
= lim + a = lim + a
h ®0 |4 - h - 4| h ®0 h

= - 1+ a
x-4
RHL = lim + b
+ | x - 4|
x ®4
4+ h-4 h
= lim + b = lim + b = 1 + b
h ®0 |4 + h - 4| h ®0 h

f(4) = a + b Þ -1 + a = 1 + b = a + b
Þ -1 + a = a + b and 1 + b = a + b
\ b = - 1 and a = 1
 1
Q. 17 If the function f (x) =
, then find the points of discontinuity of
x +2
the composite function y = f { f (x)}.
Sol. 1
We have, f( x ) =
x+2
\ y = f{f(x )}
æ 1 ö 1
= f çç ÷÷ =
è x +2 ø 1
+2
x +2
1 (x + 2 )
= × (x + 2 ) =
1 + 2x + 4 (2 x + 5)
So, the function y will not be continuous at those points, where it is not defined as it is a
rational function.
x +2
Therefore, y = is not defined, when 2 x + 5 = 0
(2 x + 5)
-5
\ x=
2
-5
Hence, y is discontinuous at x = .
2

1
Q. 18 Find all points of discontinuity of the function f (t) = , where
t2 + t -2
1
t= .
x -1
1 1
Sol. We have, f (t ) = and t =
2
t + t -2 x -1
1
\ f( t ) =
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö 2
ç ÷ ç ÷
ç x 2 + 1 - 2 x ÷ + ç x -1 ÷ - 1
è ø è ø
1
=
æ 1 + x - 1 + [-2(x - 1)2 ] ö
ç ÷
ç (x 2 + 1 - 2 x ) ÷
è ø
x 2 + 1 - 2x
=
x - 2 x 2 - 2 + 4x
x 2 + 1 - 2x
=
- 2 x 2 + 5x - 2
(x - 1)2
=
- ( 2 x 2 - 5x + 2 )
(x - 1)2
=
( 2 x - 1) (2 - x )
So, f( t ) is discontinuous at 2 x - 1 = 0 Þ x = 1/ 2
and 2-x = 0 Þ x = 2.
Q. 19 Show that the function f (x) = |sin x + cos x | is continuous at x = p.
Sol. We have, f(x ) = |sin x + cos x| at x = p
Let g (x ) = sin x + cos x
and h(x ) = |x |
\ hog (x ) = h[g (x )]
= h (sin x + cos x )
= |sin x + cos x |
Since, g (x ) = sin x + cos x is a continuous function as it is forming with addition of two
continuous functions sin x and cos x.
Also, h(x ) = |x | is also a continuous function. Since, we know that composite functions of
two continuous functions is also a continuous function.
Hence, f(x ) = |sin x + cos x| is a continuous function everywhere.
So, f(x ) is continuous at x = p.

Q. 20 Examine the differentiability of f, where f is defined by

ì x [ x], if 0 £ x < 2
f (x) = í at x = 2.
î (x - 1 )x, if 2 £ x < 3
K Thinking Process
We know that, a function f is differentiable at a point a in its domain, if both Lf ¢(a) and
f(a - h) - f(a)
Rf ¢(a) are finite and equal, where Lf ¢(c) = lim and
h ®0 -h
f(a + h) - f(a)
Rf ¢(c) = lim .
h ®0 h
ìx[x ], if 0 £ x < 2
Sol. We have, f( x ) = í at x = 2.
î( x - 1 ) x if 2 £x<3
f(2 - h) - f(2 )
At x = 2, Lf ¢(2 ) = lim
h ®0 -h
(2 - h) [2- h] - (2 - 1) 2
= lim
h ®0 -h
{Q [a - h] = [a - 1], where a is any positive number}
(2 - h) (1) - 2
= lim
h ®0 -h
2 - h-2 -h
= lim = lim =1
h ®0 -h h ®0 - h
f(2 + h) - f(2 )
Rf ¢(2 ) = lim
h ®0 h
(2 + h - 1) (2 + h) - (2 - 1) × 2
= lim
h ®0 h
(1 + h) (2 + h) - 2
= lim
h ®0 h
2 + h + 2 h + h2 - 2
= lim
h ®0 h
h2 + 3h h (h + 3)
= lim = lim =3
h ®0 h h ® 0 h
\ Lf ¢(2 ) ¹ Rf ¢(2 )
So, f(x ) is not differentiable at x = 2.
 ì x 2 sin 1 , if x ¹ 0
Q. 21 f (x) = ïí x at x = 0.
ïî 0, if x = 0
ì 2 1
ïx sin , if x ¹ 0
Sol. We have, f(x ) = í x at x = 0
ïî 0, if x = 0
For differentiability at x = 0,
1
x 2 sin -0
f(x ) - f(0) x
Lf ¢(0) = lim = lim
x ®0 - x-0 x ®0 - x-0
æ 1 ö -1
(0 - h)2 sin çç ÷ h2 sin æç ö÷
è 0 - h ÷ø è hø
= lim = lim
h ®0 0-h h ®0 -h

= lim + h sin æç ö÷
1
[Q sin (- q) = - sin q ]
h ®0 è hø
= 0 ´[an oscillating number between -1and1] = 0
1
x 2 sin - 0
f(x ) - f(0) x
Rf ¢(0) = lim = lim
x ®0 + x-0 x ®0 + x-0
æ 1 ö
(0 + h)2 sin çç ÷÷
è 0 + h ø = lim h sin (1 / h)
2
= lim
h ®0 0+ h h ®0 h
= lim h sin (1 / h)
h ®0

= 0 ´ [an oscillating number between -1 and 1] = 0

Q Lf ¢(0) = Rf ¢(0)
So, f(x ) is differentiable at x = 0.

ì1 + x, if x £ 2
Q. 22 f (x) = í at x = 2.
î5 - x, if x > 2
ì1 + x, if x £ 2
Sol. We have, f(x ) = í at x = 2.
î5 - x, if x > 2
For differentiability at x = 2,
f(x ) - f(2 ) (1 + x ) - (1 + 2 )
Lf ¢(2 ) = lim = lim
x ®2 - x -2 x ®2 - x -2
(1 + 2 - h) - 3 -h
= lim = lim =1
h ®0 2 - h-2 h ®0 - h
f(x ) - f(2 ) (5 - x ) - 3
Rf ¢(2 ) = lim = lim
x ®2 + x -2 x ®2 + x -2
5 - (2 + h) - 3
= lim
h ®0 2 + h-2
5-2 - h- 3 -h
= lim = lim
h ®0 h h ®0 + h

= -1
Q Lf ¢(2 ) ¹ Rf ¢(2 )
So, f(x ) is not differentiable at x = 2.
Q. 23 Show that f (x) = | x - 5| is continuous but not differentiable at x = 5.
Sol. We have, f(x ) = |x - 5|
ì- (x - 5), if x < 5
\ f( x ) = í
îx - 5, if x ³ 5
For continuity at x = 5,
LHL = lim (- x + 5)
x ®5 -

= lim [- (5 - h) + 5] = lim h = 0
h ®0 h ®0

RHL = lim (x - 5)
x ®5 +
= lim (5 + h - 5) = lim h = 0
h ®0 h ®0
\ f(5) = 5 - 5 = 0
Þ LHL = RHL = f(5)
Hence, f(x ) is continuous at x = 5.
f(x ) - f(5)
Now, Lf ¢(5) = lim
x ®5 - x-5
-x + 5 - 0
= lim = -1
x ®5 - x-5
f(x ) - f(5)
Rf ¢(5) = lim
x ®5 + x-5
x -5-0
= lim =1
x ®5 + x- 5
\ Lf ¢(5) ¹ Rf ¢(5)
So, f(x ) = |x - 5| is not differentiable at x = 5.

Q. 24 A function f : R ® R satisfies the equation f (x + y) = f (x) × f ( y) for

all x, y Î R , f (x) ¹ 0. Suppose that the function is differentiable at
x = 0 and f ¢ (0) = 2, then prove that f ¢ (x) = 2 f (x).
Sol. Let f : R ® R satisfies the equation f (x + y) = f(x ) × f( y), " x, y Î R, f(x ) ¹ 0.
Let f(x ) is differentiable at x = 0 and f¢ (0) = 2.
f(x ) - f(0)
Þ f ¢(0) = lim
x ®0 x-0
f(x ) - f(0)
Þ 2 = lim
x ®0 x
f(0 + h) - f(0)
Þ 2 = lim
h ®0 0+ h
f(0) × f(h) - f(0)
Þ 2 = lim
h ®0 h
f(0) [f(h) - 1]
Þ 2 = lim [Q f(0) = f(h)] ...(i)
h ®0 h
f(x + h) - f(x )
Also, f ¢(x ) = lim
h ®0 h
f(x ) × f(h) - f(x )
= lim [Q f(x + y) = f(x ) × f( y)]
h ®0 h
f(x ) [f(h) - 1]
= lim = 2f(x ) [using Eq. (i)]
h ®0 h
\ f ¢(x ) = 2 f(x. )
 2
Q. 25 2 cos x

2
Sol. Let y = 2cos x

2
\ log y = log 2cos x
= cos 2 x × log 2
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
d dy d
log y. = log 2 × cos 2 x
dy dx dx
1 dy d
Þ × = log 2 (cos x )2
y dx dx
1 dy d
Þ × = log 2 × [2 cos x ] × cos x
y dx dx
= log 2 × 2 cos x × (- sin x )
= log 2 × [ - (sin 2 x )]
dy
\ = - y × log 2 (sin 2 x )
dx
2
= - 2cos x
× log 2 (sin2 x )

x
Q. 26 8 8
x
8x 8x
Sol. Let y= 8
Þ log y = log
x x8
d dy d
Þ log y × = [log 8x - log x 8 ]
dy dx dx
1 dy d
Þ × = [x × log 8 - 8 × log x ]
y dx dx
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
1 dy 1
× = log 8 × 1 - 8 ×
y dx x
1 dy 8
Þ × = log 8 -
y dx x
8x
= y æç log 8 - ö÷ = 8 æç log 8 - ö÷
dy 8 8
\
dx è xø x è xø

Q. 27 log (x + x2 + a )
Sol. Let y = log (x + x 2 + a)
dy d
\ = log (x + x 2 + a)
dx dx
1 d
= . [x + x 2 + a ]
(x + x 2 + a) dx
1 é1 + 1 (x 2 + a)-1/ 2 × 2 x ù
=
ê úû
(x + x 2 + a) ë 2

1 æ x ö
= × ç1 + ÷
(x + x 2 + a ) çè x 2 + a ÷ø
( x2 + a + x) 1
= =
2 2 2
(x + x + a) ( x + a) ( x + a)
Q. 28 log [log (log x 5 )]
Sol. Let y = log [log (log x 5 )]
dy d
\ = [log (log log x 5 )]
dx dx
1 d
= 5
× (log × log x 5 )
log log x dx
1 æ 1 ö d
= × çç ÷. log x 5
log log x è log x 5 ÷ø dx
5

1 1 d 5
= 5
× 5
× (5 log x ) =
log log x log x dx x × log (log x 5 ) × log (x 5 )

Q. 29 sin x + cos2 x
Sol. Let y = sin x + (cos x )2
dy d d
\ = sin(x 1/ 2 ) + [cos (x 1/ 2 )]2
dx dx dx
d 1/ 2 d
= cos x 1/ 2 × x + 2 cos (x 1/ 2 ) [cos (x 1/ 2 )]
dx dx
= cos (x 1/ 2 ) x -1/ 2 + 2 × cos (x 1/ 2 ) × é - sin (x 1/ 2 ) .
1 d 1/ 2 ù
x
2 êë dx úû
1 1
= cos x × [- 2 cos (x 1/ 2 )] × sin x 1/ 2 ×
2 x 2 x
1
= [cos ( x ) - sin (2 x )]
2 x

Q. 30 sin n (ax 2 + bx + c )
Sol. Let y = sinn (ax 2 + bx + c )
dy d
\ = [sin (ax 2 + bx + c )]n
dx dx
d
= n × [sin (ax 2 + bx + c )]n -1 × sin (ax 2 + bx + c )
dx
d
= n × sinn -1 (ax 2 + bx + c ) × cos (ax 2 + bx + c ) . (ax 2 + bx + c )
dx
= n × sinn - 1 (ax 2 + bx + c ) × cos (ax 2 + bx + c ) × (2 ax + b )
= n × (2 ax + b ) × sinn - 1 (ax 2 + bx + c ) × cos (ax 2 + bx + c )

Q. 31 cos(tan x + 1)
Sol. Let y = cos (tan x + 1)
dy d d
\ = cos (tan x + 1) = - sin (tan x + 1) × (tan x + 1)
dx dx dx
= - sin (tan x + 1) × sec 2 x + 1 ×
d
(x + 1)1/ 2 éQ d (tan x ) = sec 2 x ù
dx êë dx úû
1 d
= - sin (tan x + 1) × (sec x + 1)2 × (x + 1)-1/ 2 × (x + 1)
2 dx
-1
= × sin (tan x + 1) × sec 2 ( x + 1)
2 x+1
Q. 32 sin x 2 + sin 2 x + sin 2 (x 2 )
Sol. Let y = sin x 2 + sin2 x + sin2 (x 2 )
dy d d d
\ = sin (x 2 ) + (sin x )2 + (sin x 2 )2
dx dx dx dx
d d d
= cos (x 2 ) (x 2 ) + 2 sin x × sin x + 2 sin x 2 × sin x 2
dx dx dx
d 2
= cos x 2 2 x + 2 × sin x × cos x + 2 sin x 2 cos x 2 × x
dx
= 2 x cos (x )2 + 2 × sin x × cos x + 2 sin x 2 × cos x 2 × 2 x
= 2 x cos (x )2 + sin 2 x + sin 2 (x )2 × 2 x
= 2 x cos (x 2 ) + 2 x × sin 2 (x 2 ) + sin 2 x

1
Q. 33 sin -1
x+1
1
Sol. Let y = sin-1
x+1
dy d -1 1
\ = sin
dx dx x+1
1 d 1 é d 1 ù
= × êQ (sin-1 x ) = ú
æ 1 ö
2 dx (x + 1)1/ 2 ë dx 1- x 2 û
1- ç ÷
è x + 1ø
1 d
= × × (x + 1)-1/ 2
x + 1 - 1 dx
x+1
1
x + 1 -1 - -1 d
= × (x + 1) 2 × (x + 1)
x 2 dx
(x + 1)1/ 2 æ 1 ö -1 æ 1 ö
= × ç - ÷ (x + 1)-3 / 2 = ×ç ÷
x 1/ 2 è 2ø 2 x çè x + 1 ÷ø

Q. 34 (sin x) cos x
Sol. Let y = (sin x )cos x
Þ log y = log(sin x )cos x = cos x log sin x
d dy d
\ log y × = (cos x × logsin x )
dy dx dx
1 dy d d
Þ × = cos x × log sin x + log sin x × cos x
y dx dx dx
1 d
= cos x × × sin x + log sin x × (- sin x )
sin x dx
é cos x ù
= cot x × cos x - log (sin x ) × sin x êQ cot x = sin x ú
ë û
dy é cos 2 x ù
\ = yê - sin x × log (sin x )ú
dx ë sin x û
cos x é cos x ù
2
= sin x ê - sin x × log (sin x )ú
ë sin x û
Q. 35 sin m x × cos n x
Sol. Let y = sinm x × cos n x
dy d
\ = [(sin x )m × (cos x )n ]
dx dx
d d
= (sin x )m × (cos x )n + (cos x )n × (sin x )m
dx dx
d d
= (sin x )m × n (cos x )n -1 × cos x + (cos x )n m (sin x )m -1 × sinx
dx dx
= (sin x )m × n(cos x )n -1 (- sin x ) + (cos x )n × m (sin x )m -1 cos x
= - n sinm x × cos n -1 x × (sin x ) + m cos n x × sinm -1 x × cos x
1 1
= - n × sinm x × sin x × cos n x × + m × sinm x. × cos n x × cos x
cos x sin x
= - n × sinm x × cos n x × tan x + m sinm x × cos n x × cot x
= sinm x × cos n x [- n tan x + m cot x ]

Q. 36 (x + 1)2 (x + 2) 3 (x + 3) 4
Sol. Let y = (x + 1)2 (x + 2 )3 (x + 3)4
\ log y = log {(x + 1)2 × (x + 2 )3 (x + 3)4 }
= log (x + 1)2 + log(x + 2 )3 + log (x + 3)4
d dy d d d
and log y × = [2 log (x + 1) ] + [3log (x + 2 )] + [4 log (x + 3)]
dy dx dx dx dx
1 dy 2 d 1 d
× = × (x + 1) + 3 × × (x + 2 )
y dx (x + 1) dx (x + 2 ) dx
1 d éQ d (log x ) = 1 ù
+ 4× × (x + 3)
(x + 3) dx êë dx x úû
é 2 3 4 ù
=ê + + ú
ë x + 1 x + 2 x + 3û
dy é 2 3 4 ù
\ = yê + + ú
dx ë (x + 1) (x + 2 ) (x + 3)û
é 2 3 4 ù
= (x + 1)2 × (x + 2 )3 × (x + 3)4 ê + + ú
ë (x + 1) (x + 2 ) (x + 3)û
= (x + 1)2 × (x + 2 )3 × (x + 3)4
é 2 (x + 2 ) (x + 3) + 3 (x + 1) (x + 3) + 4(x + 1) (x + 2 )ù
ê (x + 1) (x + 2 ) (x + 3) ú
ë û
2 3 4
(x + 1) (x + 2 ) (x + 3)
=
(x + 1) (x + 2 ) (x + 3)
[2 (x 2 + 5x + 6) + 3 (x 2 + 4x + 3) + 4 (x 2 + 3x + 2 )]
= (x + 1) (x + 2 )2 (x + 3)3
[2 x 2 + 10x + 12 + 3x 2 + 12 x + 9 + 4x 2 + 12 x + 8]
= (x + 1) (x + 2 )2 (x + 3)3 [9x 2 + 34x + 29]
 sin x + cos x ö p p
Q. 37 cos -1 æç ÷, - < x <
è 2 ø 4 4
æ sin x + cos x ö
Sol. Let y = cos -1 ç ÷
è 2 ø
dy d æ sin x + cos xö
\ = cos -1 ç ÷
dx dx è 2 ø
-1 d æ sin x + cos x ö
= . ç ÷
2 dx è 2 ø
æ sin x + cos x ö
1- ç ÷
è 2 ø
é d 1 ù
êQ (cos x ) = - ú
ë dx 1- x 2 û
-1 1
= × (cos x - sin x )
2 2
(sin x + cos x + 2 sin x × cos x ) 2
4-
2
- 1× 2 1
= × (cos x - sin x )
1 - sin2 x 2
[ Q 1 - sin 2 x = (cos x - sin x )2 = cos 2 x + sin2 x - 2 sin x cos x ]
-1 (cos x - sin x )
= = -1
(cos x - sin x )

1 - cos x p p
Q. 38 tan -1 , - < x<
1 + cos x 4 4
1 - cos x
Sol. Let y = tan-1
1 + cos x
dy d 1 - cos x
\ = tan-1
dx dx 1 + cos x
d é 1 - cos x ù1
/2
1 é d -1 1 ù
= × êëQ dx (tan x ) = 1 + x 2 úû
æ 1 - cos x ö
2 dx êë 1 + cos x úû
1+ ç ÷
è 1 + cos x ø
-1/ 2
1 1 é 1 - cos x ù d æ 1 - cos x ö
= . . çç ÷÷
1 - cos x 2 êë 1 + cos x úû dx è 1 + cos x ø
1+
1 + cos x
-1/ 2
1 1 é (1 - cos x ) (1 - cos x ) ù
= . ×
1 + cos x + 1 - cos x 2 êë (1 + cos x ) (1 - cos x ) úû
1 + cos x
(1 + cos x ) × sin x + (1 - cos x ) × sin x
×
(1 + cos x )2
-1/ 2
(1 + cos x ) 1 é (1 - cos x )2 ù é sin x (1 + cos x + 1 - cos x )ù
= × ê ú ê ú
2 2 ë (1 - cos 2 x )û ë (1 + cos x )2 û
-1/ 2
(1 + cos x ) 1 é (1 - cos x )2 ù é sin x (1 + cos x + 1 - cos x )ù
= × ê ú ê ú
2 2 ë (1 - cos 2 x )û ë (1 + cos x )2 û
 -1/ 2
(1 + cos x ) 1 é (1 - cos x )2 ù 2 sin x
= × ê ú ×
2 2 ë sin x û (1 + cos x )2
(1 + cos x ) 1 sin x 2 sin x
= × × ×
2 2 (1 - cos x ) (1 + cos x )2
2 sin2 x 1 sin2 x
= = ×
4 (1 + cos x ) (1 - cos x ) 2 (1 - cos 2 x )
1 sin2 x 1
=× =
2 sin2 x 2
Alternate Method
æ 1 - cos x ö
Let y = tan-1 çç ÷÷
è 1 + cos x ø
æ x ö
ç 1 - 1 + 2 sin2 ÷
= tan -1 ç 2 ÷ éQ cos x = 1 - 2 sin2 x = 2 cos 2 x - 1ù
ç 1 + 2 cos 2 x - 1 ÷ êë 2 2 úû
ç 2 ÷
è ø
-1 æ xö x
= tan ç tan ÷ =
è 2ø 2
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy 1
=
dx 2

-p p
Q. 39 tan -1 (sec x + tan x), < x<
2 2
Sol. Let y = tan-1 (sec x + tan x )
dy d
\ = tan-1 (sec x + tan x )
dx dx
1 d é d 1 ù
= . (sec x + tan x ) êQ (tan-1 x ) =
2
1 + (sec x + tan x ) dx ë dx 1 + x 2 úû
1
= × [sec x × tan x + sec 2 x ]
1 + sec 2 x + tan2 x + 2 sec x × tan x
1
= 2 2
× sec x × (sec x + tan x )
(sec x + sec x + 2 sec x × tan x )
1 1
= × sec x (sec x + tan x ) =
2 sec x (tan x + sec x ) 2

æ a cos x - b sin x ö -p p a
Q. 40 tan -1 çç ÷÷, < x < and tan x > - 1.
è b cos x + a sin x ø 2 2 b
æ a cos x - b sin x ö
Sol. Let y = tan-1 çç ÷
è b cos x + a sin x ÷ø
é a cos x b sin x ù é a - tan x ù
-
ê b cos x b cos x ú ê b ú
= tan-1 ê ú = tan
-1
ê ú
ê b cos x +
a sin x ú a
ê 1 + tan x ú
ëê b cos x b cos x úû ë b û
a é æ x - y öù
= tan-1 - tan-1 tan x -1 -1
êQ tan x - tan y = tan
-1
çç ÷÷ ú
b ë è 1 + xy ø û
 a
= tan-1-x
b
dy d æ -1 a ö d
\ = ç tan ÷- (x )
dx dx è b ø dx
é d æaö ù
= 0-1 êëQ dx çè b ÷ø = 0úû
= -1

æ 1 ö
Q. 41 sec -1 çç ÷, 0 < x < 1
3 ÷
è 4 x - 3x ø 2
æ 1 ö
Sol. Let y = sec -1 çç 3 ÷
÷ ...(i)
è 4x - 3x ø
On putting x = cos q in Eq. (i), we get
1
y = sec -1 3
4cos q - 3 cos q
-1 1
= sec
cos 3 q
= sec -1 (sec 3 q) = 3 q
= 3 cos -1 x [Q q = cos -1 x ]
dy d
\ = (3 cos -1 x )
dx dx
-1
= 3×
1 - x2

-1 æ 3a 2 x - x 3 ö -1 x 1
Q. 42 tan ç ÷, < <
ç a 3 - 3ax 2 ÷ 3 a 3
è ø
æ 3 a2 x - x 3 ö
Sol. Let y = tan-1 çç 3 2
÷
÷
è a - 3ax ø
x
Put x = a tan q Þ q = tan-1
a
-1 é 3 tan q - tan q ù é 3 tan q - tan3 q ù
3
\ y = tan ê 2 ú êQ tan 3 q = ú
ë 1 - 3 tan q û ë 1 - 3 tan2 q û
= tan-1 (tan 3 q) = 3 q

= 3 tan-1
x éQ q = tan-1 x ù
a êë a úû
é ù
ê 1 ú d
× æç ÷ö
dy d x x
\ = 3× tan-1 = 3 × ê ú×
dx dx a ê x2 ú dx è a ø
1+ 2
ëê a úû
a2 1 3a
= 3× × =
a + x2
2
a a2 + x 2
 é 1 + x2 + 1 - x2 ù
-1
Q. 43 tan ê ú , - 1 < x < 1, x ¹ 0
ê 1 + x2 - 1 - x2 ú
ë û
é 1 + x2 + 1 - x2 ù
Sol. Let y = tan-1 ê ú
êë 1 + x 2 - 1 - x 2 úû
Put x 2 = cos 2 q
æ 1 + cos 2 q + 1 - cos 2 q ö
\ y = tan-1 çç ÷
è 1 + cos 2 q - 1 - cos 2 q ÷ø
æ 1 + 2 cos 2 q - 1 + 1 - 1 + 2 sin2 q ö÷
= tan-1 ç
ç 1 + 2 cos 2 q -1 - 1 - 1 + 2 sin2 q ÷ø
è
æ 2 cos q + 2 sin q ö é 2 (cos q + sin q)ù
= tan-1 çç ÷ = tan-1 ê
÷ ú
è 2 cos q - 2 sin q ø ë 2 (cos q - sin q) û
æ cos q + sin q ö
ç ÷
æ cos q + sin q ö cos q
= tan-1 çç ÷÷ = tan-1 ç ÷
è cos q - sin q ø ç cos q - sin q ÷
ç cos q ÷
è ø
æ 1 + tan q ö
= tan-1 çç ÷÷
è 1 - tan q ø
p é tan a + tan b ù
= tan-1 tan æç + q ö÷ êQ tan (a + b ) = 1 - tan a × tan b ú
è4 ø ë û
p p 1 -1 2 é -1 2 1 -1 2 ù
= + q = + cos x Q 2 q = cos x Þ q = cos x
4 4 2 êë 2 úû
dy d æpö d æ1 -1 2 ö
\ = ç ÷+ ç cos x ÷
dx dx è 4 ø dx è 2 ø
1 -1 d 2 1 -2 x -x
= 0+ × × x = × =
2 1- x 4 dx 2 1- x 4
1 - x4

dy
Find of each of the functions expressed in parametric form.
dx

Q. 44 x = t + 1 , y =t -
1
t t
1 1
Sol. Q x =t + and y = t -
t t
dx d æ 1ö dy d æ 1ö
\ = çt + ÷ and = çt - ÷
dt dt è tø dt dt è tø
dx dy
Þ = 1 + ( - 1 ) t -2 and = 1 - (-1)t -2
dt dt
dx 1 dy 1
Þ = 1- 2 and = 1+ 2
dt t dt t
dx t 2 - 1 dy t 2 + 1
Þ = and =
dt t2 dt t2
dy dy / dt t 2 + 1/ t 2 2
t +1
\ = = = 2
dx dx / dt t 2 - 1/ t 2 t -1
 y = e -q æç q - ö÷
Q. 45 x = e q æç q + 1 ö÷, 1
è qø è qø
x = e q æç q + ö÷ and y = e -q æç q - ö÷
1 1
Sol. Q
è qø è qø
dx d é q æ 1 öù
\ = e × ç q + ÷ú
dq dq êë è q øû
= eq ×
d æ q + ö + æ q + 1 ö × d eq
1
ç ÷ ç ÷
dq è qø è q ø dq
æ 1 ö
= e q ç 1 - 2 ÷ + æç q + ö÷ e q
1
è q ø è qø
æ 1 1ö
= e q ç1 - 2 + q + ÷
è q q ø
æ q 2
- 1 + q 3
+ q ö
= e q çç 2
÷
÷ ...(i)
è q ø
dy d é - q æ 1 öù
and = e × ç q - ÷ú
dq dq êë è q øû
-q d æ 1 ö d -q æ
e ç q - ö÷
1
=e × çq - ÷ +
dq è q ø dq è qø
æ 1 ö
= e - q ç 1 + 2 ÷ + æç q - ö÷ e - q ×
1 d
(- q)
è q ø è qø dq
é q2 + 1 q2 - 1ù -q é q + 1 - q + q ù
2 3
= e -q ê 2 - ú=e ê ú ...(ii)
ë q q û ë q 2
û
æ q 2
+ 1 - q 3
+ q ö
e - q çç ÷
÷
dy dy / dq è q2 ø
\ = =
dx dx / dq q æ q2 - 1 + q3 + q ö
e çç ÷
÷
è q2 ø
æ - q 3
+ q 2
+ q + 1 ö
= e -2 q çç 3 2
÷
÷
è q + q + q-1 ø

Q. 46 x = 3 cos q - 2 cos 3 q, y = 3 sin q - 2 sin 3 q

Sol. Q x = 3 cos q - 2 cos 3 q and y = 3sin q - 2 sin3 q
dx d d
\ = (3 cos q) - (2 cos 3 q)
dq dq dq
d
= 3 × (- sin q) - 2 × 3 cos 2 q × × cos q
dq
= - 3 sin q + 6 cos 2 q sin q
dy d
and = 3 cos A - 2 × 3 sin2 q × × sin q
dq dq
= 3 cos q - 6 sin2 q × cos q
dy dy / dq 3cos q - 6 sin2 q cos q
Now, = =
dx dx / dq - 3 sin q + 6cos 2 q sin q
3cos q (1 - 2 sin2 q) cos 2 q
= = cot q × = cot q
3sin q ( - 1 + 2 cos q)2
cos 2 q
 2t 2t
Q. 47 sin x = 2
, tan y =
1+t 1 - t2
2t
Sol. Q sin x = ...(i)
1+ t2
2t
and tan y = ...(ii)
1- t2
d dx d æ 2t ö
\ sin x × = ç ÷
dx dt dt çè 1 + t 2 ÷ø
d d
(1 + t 2 ) × (2t ) - (2t ) × (1 + t 2 )
dx dt dt
Þ cos x =
dt (1 + t 2 )2
2
2 (1 + t 2 ) - 2t × 2t 2 + 2t 2 - 4t
= =
(1 + t 2 )2 (1 + t 2 )2
dx 2(1 - t 2 ) 1
Þ = ×
dt (1 + t 2 )2 cos x
dx 2(1 - t 2 ) 1 2(1 - t 2 ) 1
Þ = 2 2
× = 2 2
×
dt (1 + t ) 1 - sin2 x (1 + t ) æ 2t ö
2

1 - çç 2
÷
÷
è1 + t ø
dx 2(1 - t 2 ) (1 + t 2 ) 2
Þ = × = ...(iii)
dt (1 + t ) (1 - t ) 1 + t 2
2 2 2

d dy d æ 2 t ö
Also, tan y × = ç ÷
dy dt dt çè 1 - t 2 ÷ø
d d
(1 - t 2 ) × (2t ) - 2t × (1 - t 2 )
2 dy dt dt
sec y =
dt (1 - t 2 )2
dy 2 - 2t 2 + 4t 2 1
= 2 2
×
dt (1 - t ) sec 2 y
2(1 + t 2 ) 1 2(1 + t 2 ) 1
= × = ×
(1 - t 2 )2 (1 + tan2 y) (1 - t 2 )2 4t 2
1+
(1 - t 2 )2
2 2 2
2(1 + t ) (1 - t ) 2
= 2 2
× 2 2
= ...(iv)
(1 - t ) (1 + t ) 1+ t2
dy dy / dt 2 /1+t2
\ = = =1 [from Eqs. (iii) and (iv)]
dx dx / dt 2 / 1 + t 2

1 + log t 3 + 2 log t
Q. 48 x = ,y=
t2 t
1 + log t 3 + 2 log t
Sol. Q x= 2
and y =
t t
d
2 d 2
t . (1 + log t ) - (1 + log t ). t
dx dt dt
\ = 2 2
dt (t )
 1
t2 × - (1 + log t ) × 2t
t t - (1 + log t ) × 2t
= 4
=
t t4
t - 1 - 2 log t
= 4 [1 - 2 (1 + log t ) = ... (i)
t t3
d d
t. (3 + 2 log t ) - (3 + 2 log t ). t
dy dt dt
and = 2
dt t
1
t × 2 × - (3 + 2 log t ) × 1
= t
t2
2 - 3 - 2 log t - 1 - 2 log t
= = ...(ii)
t2 t2
dy dy / dt - 1 - 2 log t / t 2
\ = = =t
dx dx / dt - 1 - 2 log t / t 3

dy y log x
Q. 49 If x = e cos2 t and y = e sin 2t , then prove that =- .
dx x log y
Sol. Q x = ecos 2 t and y = e sin 2 t
dx d cos 2 t d
\ = e = ecos 2 t . cos 2 t
dt dt dt
d
= ecos 2 t × (- sin 2 t ) × (2 t )
dt
dx
= - 2 ecos 2 t × sin 2 t ...(i)
dt
dy d sin 2 t d
and = e = e sin 2 t × sin 2 t
dt dt dt
d
= esin 2 t cos 2 t × 2 t
dt
= 2e sin 2 t × cos 2t ...(ii)
dy dy / dt 2esin 2 t × cos 2 t
\ = =
dx dx / dt -2ecos 2 t × sin 2 t
esin 2 t × cos 2 t
= ...(iii)
ecos 2 t × sin 2 t
We know that, log x = cos 2 t × log e = cos 2 t ...(iv)
and log y = sin2 t × log e = sin2 t ...(v)
dy - y log x
\ =
dx x log y
[using Eqs. (iv) and (v) in Eq. (iii) and x = ecos 2 t , y = esin 2 t ]
Hence proved.

Q. 50 If x = a sin 2 t (1 + cos 2 t) and y = b cos 2 t (1 - cos 2 t), then show that

æ dy ö b
= .
ç ÷
è dx ø t = p /4 a
Sol. Q x = a sin2 t (1 + cos 2 t ) and y = b cos 2 t (1 - cos 2 t )

= a ésin2 t × sin 2 t ù
dx d d
\ (1 + cos 2 t ) + (1 + cos 2 t ) ×
dt ê
ë dt dt úû
 = a ésin2 t × (- sin 2 t ) × 2 t + (1 + cos 2 t ) × cos 2 t × 2t ù
d d
êë dt dt úû
= - 2 a sin2 2 t + 2 a cos 2 t (1 + cos 2 t )
dx
Þ = - 2 a [sin2 2 t - cos 2 t (1 + cos 2 t )] ...(i)
dt
= b écos 2 t × cos 2 t ù
dy d d
and (1 - cos 2 t ) + (1 - cos 2 t ) ×
dt ê
ë dt dt úû

= b écos 2 t × (sin 2 t ) 2 t + (1 - cos 2 t ) (- sin 2 t ) × 2t ù

d d
êë dt dt úû
= b [2 sin 2t × cos 2t + 2 (1 - cos 2t ) (- sin 2t )]
= 2 b [sin 2t × cos 2t - (1 - cos 2t ) sin 2t ] …(ii)
dy dy / dt -2 b [- sin 2t × cos 2t + (1 - cos 2t ) sin 2t ]
\ = =
dx dx / dt -2 a [sin2 2t - cos 2t (1 + cos 2t )]
é p p p pù
ê - sin cos + æç 1 - cos ö÷ sin ú
æ dy ö b 2 è 2ø
= ë
2 2û
Þ ç ÷
è dx øt = p/ 4 a é 2 p p æ p öù
êësin 2 - cos 2 çè 1 + cos 2 ÷ø úû
b (0 + 1) éQ sin p = 1 and cos p = 0ù
= ×
a (1 - 0) êë 2 2 úû
b
= Hence proved.
a

dy p
Q. 51 If x = 3 sin t - sin 3 t, y = 3 cos t - cos 3t, then find at t = .
dx 3
Sol. Q x = 3 sin t - sin 3t and y = 3 cos t - cos 3t
dx d d
\ = 3× sin t - sin 3t
dt dt dt
d
= 3 cos t - cos 3t × 3t = 3 cos t - 3 cos 3t ...(i)
dt
dy d d
and = 3× cos t - cos 3 t
dt dt dt
d
= - 3 sin t + sin 3 t × 3t
dt
dy
= 3 sin 3 t - 3 t sin t ...(ii)
dt
dy dy / dt 3 (sin 3 t - sin t )
\ = =
dx dx / dt 3 (cos t - cos 3 t )
3p p
sin - sin
æ dy ö 3 3 0 - 3 /2
Now, ç ÷ = =
è dx øt = p/ 3 æ cos p - cos 3 p ö 1
- (-1)
ç ÷
è 3 3ø 2
- 3/2 - 3 -1
= = =
3/2 3 3
 x
Q. 52 Differentiate w.r.t. sin x.
sin x
x
Sol. Let u= and v = sin x
sin x
d d
sin x × x - x× sin x
du dx dx
\ = 2
dx (sin x )
sin x - x cos x
= ...(i)
sin2 x
dv d
and = sin x = cos x ...(ii)
dx dx
du du / dx sin x - x cos x / sin2 x
\ = =
dv dv / dx cos x
sin x - x cos x
sin x - x cos x cos x
= =
sin2 x cos x sin2 x cos x
cos x
[dividing by cos x in both numerator and denominator]
tan x - x
=
sin2 x

-1 1 + x2 - 1
Q. 53 Differentiate tan w.r.t. tan -1 x, when x ¹ 0.
x
1 + x2 -1
Sol. Let u = tan-1 and v = tan-1 x
x
\ x = tan q
1 + tan2 q - 1
Þ u = tan-1
tan q
(sec q - 1) cos q
= tan-1
sin q
æ 1 - cos q ö
= tan-1 çç ÷÷
è sin q ø
é 1 - 1 + 2 sin2 q/ 2 ù
= tan-1 ê ú [Q cos q = 1 - 2 sin2 q]
ë 2 sin q / 2 × cos q/ 2 û
q
= tan-1 é tan ù
ëê 2 ûú
q 1
= = tan-1 x
2 2
du 1 d 1 1
\ = tan-1 x = × ...(i)
dx 2 dx 2 1 + x2
dv d 1
and = tan-1 x = ...(ii)
dx dx 1 + x2
du du / dx
\ =
dv dv / dx
1 / 2 (1 + x 2 ) (1 + x 2 ) 1
= 2
= 2
=
1 / (1 + x ) 2(1 + x ) 2
 dy
Find when x and y are connected by the relation given.
dx
x
Q. 54 sin (xy) + = x2 - y
y
x
Sol. We have, sin (xy) + = x2 - y
y
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d d æx ö d 2 d
(sin xy) + ç ÷= x - y
dx dx è y ø dx dx
d d
y x - x× y
d dx dx dy
Þ cos xy × (xy) + 2
= 2x -
dx y dx
dy
y-x
Þ é
cos xy × x ×
d
y + y×
d ù
×x + dx = 2x -
dy
ëê dx dx ûú y2 dx
dy y x dy dy
Þ x cos xy × + ycos xy + 2 - 2 = 2x -
dx y y dx dx
dy é x ù y
Þ ê x cos xy - 2 + 1ú = 2 x - y cos x y - 2
dx ë y û y
dy é 2
2 x y - y cos x y - 1ù é y 2 ù
\ =ê úê 2 ú
dx ë y ûë x y cos x y - x + y2 û
(2 x y - y2 cos x y - 1) y
=
(x y2 cos x y - x + y2 )

Q. 55 sec (x + y) = xy
Sol. We have, sec (x + y) = x y
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d d
sec (x + y ) = (xy)
dx dx
d d d
Þ sec (x + y) × tan (x + y) × (x + y) = x × y + y× x
dx dx dx
sec (x + y) × tan (x + y) × æç 1 +
dy ö dy
Þ ÷=x + y
è dx ø dx
dy dy
Þ sec (x + y) tan (x + y) + sec (x + y) × tan (x + y) . =x + y
dx dx
dy
Þ [sec (x + y) × tan (x + y) - x ] = y - sec (x + y) × tan (x + y)
dx
dy y - sec(x + y) × tan (x + y)
\ =
dx sec (x + y) × tan (x + y) - x
Q. 56 tan -1 (x 2 + y2) = a
Sol. We have, tan-1 (x 2 + y2 ) = a
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d d
tan-1 (x 2 + y2 ) = ( a)
dx dx
1 d
Þ 2 2 2
× ( x 2 + y2 ) = 0
1 + (x + y ) dx
d 2 dy
Þ 2x + y × =0
dy dx
dy
Þ 2y× = - 2x
dx
dy -2 x - x
\ = =
dx 2y y

Q. 57 (x 2 + y 2 )2 = xy
Sol. We have, (x 2 + y2 )2 = xy
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d d
(x 2 + y2 )2 = (xy)
dx dx
d d d
Þ 2 (x 2 + y 2 ) × (x 2 + y 2 ) = x × y + y× x
dx dx dx
2(x 2 + y2 ) × æç 2 x + 2 y
dy ö dy
Þ ÷=x + y
è dx ø dx
dy dy dy
Þ 2x 2 × 2x + 2x 2 × 2 y + 2 y2 × 2 x + 2 y2 × 2 y =x + y
dx dx dx
dy
Þ [4x 2 y + 4 y3 - x ] = y - 4x 3 - 4xy2
dx
dy ( y - 4x 3 - 4xy2 )
\ =
dx (4x 2 y + 4 y3 - x )

dy dx
Q. 58 If ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0, then show that . = 1.
dx dy
Sol. We have, ax 2 + 2 hxy + by2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 ...(i)
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d d d d d d
(ax 2 ) + (2 hxy) + (by2 ) + (2 gx ) + (2 fy) + (c) = 0
dx dx dx dx dx dx
2 ax + 2 h æç x × + y × 1ö÷ + b × 2 y
dy dy dy
Þ + 2g + 2f + 0=0
è dx ø dx dx
dy
Þ [2 hx + 2 by + 2 f ] = - 2 ax - 2 hy - 2 g
dx
dy - 2 (ax + hy + g )
Þ =
dx 2 (hx + by + f )
- (ax + hy + g )
= ...(ii)
(hx + by + f )
 Now, differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. y, we get
d d d d d d
(ax 2 ) + (2 hxy) + (by2 ) + (2 gx ) + (2 fy) + (c) = 0
dy dy dy dy dy dy
dx æ d d ö dx
Þ a × 2x × + 2h × ç x × y+ y× x ÷ + b × 2 y + 2g × + 2f + 0 = 0
dy è dy dy ø dy
dx
Þ [2 ax + 2 hy + 2 g ] = - 2 hx - 2 by - 2 f
dy
dx - 2 (hx + by + f ) - (hx + by + f )
Þ = = ... (iii)
dy 2 (ax + hy + g ) (ax + hy + g )
dy dx - (ax + hy + g ) - (hx + by + f )
\ × = × [using Eqs. (ii) and (iii)]
dx dy (hx + by + f ) (ax + hy + g )
= 1= RHS Hence proved.

x-y
Q. 59 If x = e x / y , then prove that dy = .
dx x log x
Sol. We have, x = ex/ y
d d x/ y
\ x= e
dx dx
d
Þ 1 = ex/ y . (x / y)
dx
é y × 1 - x × dy / dx ù
Þ 1 = ex/ y × ê ú
ë y2 û
2 x/ y dy x / y
Þ y = y×e - x× ×e
dx
dy x / y
Þ x× ×e = ye x / y - y2
dx
dy y (e x / y - y)
\ =
dx x ×ex/ y
x/ y
(e - y) é x/ y xù
= êQ x = e Þ log x = ú
x ë yû
ex/ y ×
y
x- y
= Hence proved.
x × log x

2
dy (1 + log y)
Q. 60 If y x = e y - x , then prove that = .
dx log y
Sol. We have, y x = ey - x
Þ log y x = log e y - x
Þ x log y = y - x × loge = ( y - x ) [Q loge = 1]
(y - x)
Þ log y = ...(i)
x
Now, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
d dy d (y - x)
log y × =
dy dx dx x
 d d
x×
( y - x ) - ( y - x )× ×x
1 dy dx dx
Þ × =
y dx x2
x æç - 1ö÷ - ( y - x )
dy
1 dy è dx ø
Þ =
y dx x2
x 2 dy dy
Þ × =x -x - y+ x
y dx dx
dy æ x 2 ö
Þ ç - x ÷÷ = - y
ç
dx è y ø
dy - y2 - y2
\ = 2 =
dx x - xy x(x - y)
y2 x y2 1
= × = 2 ×
x( y - x ) x x (y - x)
x
(1 + log y)2 é y-x
log y = - 1 Þ 1 + log y = ù
y y
= Q log y =
log y ê
ë x x x úû
Hence proved.

... ¥
(cos x)(cos x ) dy y 2 tan x
Q. 61 If y = (cos x) , then show that = .
dx y log cos x - 1
(cosx )... ¥
Sol. We have, y = (cos x )( cos x )
y
Þ y = (cos x )
y
\ log y = log (cos x )
Þ log y = ylog cos x
On differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
1 dy d dy
× = y × log cos x + log cos x ×
y dx dx dx
1 dy y d dy
Þ × = × cos x + log cos x ×
y dx cos x dx dx
dy é 1 ù - ysin x
Þ - log cos x ú = = - y tan x
dx êë y û cos x
dy - y2 tan x
\ =
dx (1 - ylog cos x )
y2 tan x
= Hence proved.
y log cos x - 1

Q. 62 If x sin (a + y) + sin a × cos(a + y) = 0, then prove that

2
dy sin (a + y)
= .
dx sin a
Sol. We have,
x sin (a + y) + sin a × cos(a + y) = 0
Þ x sin (a + y) = - sin a × cos(a + y)
- sin a × cos(a + y)
Þ x=
sin (a + y)
 Þ x = - sin a × cot(a + y)
dx d
\ = - sin a × [-cosec 2 (a + y)]× (a + y)
dy dy
1
= sin a × 2 ×1
sin (a + y)
sin2 (a + y)
= Hence proved.
sin a

2 2 dy 1 - y2
Q. 63 If 1 - x + 1 - y = a(x - y), then prove that = .
dx 1 - x2
Sol. We have,
1 - x2 + 1 - y2 = a(x - y)
On putting x = sin a and y = sin b, we get
1 - sin2 a + 1 - sin2 b = a(sin a - sin b )
Þ cos a + cos b = a(sin a - sin b )
a+b a -b a+b a -bö
Þ 2 cos .cos = aæç 2 cos .sin ÷
2 2 è 2 2 ø
a -b a -b
Þ cos = asin
2 2
a -b
Þ cot =a
2
a -b
Þ = cot -1 a
2
Þ a - b = 2 cot -1 a
Þ sin-1 x - sin-1 y = 2 cot -1 a [Qx = sin a and y = sin b]
On differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
1 1 dy
- =0
2 2 dx
1- x 1- y
dy 1 - y2 1 - y2
\ = = Hence proved.
dx 1 - x2 1 - x2

2
Q. 64 If y = tan -1 x, then find d y
in terms of y alone.
dx 2
Sol. We have, y = tan-1 x [on differentiating w.r.t. x]
dy 1
\ = [again differentiating w.r.t. x]
dx 1 + x 2
d2y d
Now, 2
= (1 + x 2 )-1
dx dx
d
= - 1 (1 + x 2 )-2 . (1 + x 2 )
dx
1
=- × 2x
(1 + x 2 )2
- 2 tan y
= [Q y = tan-1 x Þ tan y = x ]
(1 + tan2 y)2
 - 2 tan y
=
(sec 2 y)2
sin y
= -2 × cos 2 y × cos 2 y
cos y
= - sin 2 y × cos 2 y [Q sin 2 x = 2 sin x cos x ]
Verify the Rolle's theorem for each of the functions in following questions.

Q. 65 f (x) = x(x - 1)2 in [0,1]

K Thinking Process
We know that, Rolle’s theorem states that, if f be a real valued function, defined in the
closed interval [a, b], such that (i) f is continuous on [a, b]. (ii) f is differentiable on ]a,
b[.(iii) f(a) = f(b).
Then, there exists a real number c in the open interval ] a, b [, such that f ¢(c) = 0 ¢. Here,
we shall verify the Rolle’s theorem for the given function.
Sol. We have, f(x ) = x(x - 1)2 in [0, 1].
(i) Since, f(x ) = x(x - 1)2 is a polynomial function.
So, it is continuous in [0, 1].
d d
(ii) Now, f ¢(x ) = x × (x - 1)2 + (x - 1)2 x
dx dx
= x × 2(x - 1) × 1 + (x - 1)2
= 2x 2 - 2x + x 2 + 1 - 2x
= 3x 2 - 4x + 1, which exists in (0, 1).
So, f(x ) is differentiable in (0, 1).
(iii) Now, f(0) = 0 and f(1) = 0 Þ f(0) = f(1)
f satisfies the above conditions of Rolle’s theorem.
Hence, by Rolle’s theorem $ c Î (0, 1) such that
f ¢(c ) = 0
Þ 3c 2 - 4c + 1 = 0
Þ 3c 2 - 3c - c + 1 = 0
Þ 3c(c - 1) - 1(c - 1) = 0
Þ (3c - 1)(c - 1) = 0
1 1
Þ c = , 1Þ Î(0, 1)
3 3
Thus, we see that there exists a real number c in the open interval (0, 1).
Hence, Rolle’s theorem has been verified.
 p
Q. 66 f (x) = sin 4 x + cos 4 x in é0, ù
êë 2 úû
p
Sol. We have, f(x ) = sin4 x + cos 4 x in é 0, ù ...(i)
ëê 2 ûú
p
(i) f(x ) is continuous in é 0, ù
ëê 2 ûú
[since, sin4 x and cos 4 x are continuous functions and we know that, if g and h be
continuous functions, then (g + h) is a continuous function.]
(ii) f ¢(x ) = 4(sin x ) × cos x + 4(cos x )3 × (- sin x )
3

= 4sin3 x × cos x - 4 sin x × cos 3 x

p
= 4sin x cos x (sin2 x - cos 2 x ) which exists in æç 0, ö÷ ...(ii)
è 2 ø
æ pö
Hence, f(x ) is differentiable in ç 0, ÷.
è 2ø
p
(iii) Also, f(0) = 0 + 1 = 1 and f ¢æç ö÷ = 1 + 0 = 1
è2 ø
p
Þ f(0) = f æç ö÷
è2 ø
Conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied.
p
Hence, there exists atleast one c Î æç 0, ö÷ such that f ¢(c ) = 0.
è 2 ø
\ 4 sin c cos c (sin2 c - cos 2 c ) = 0
Þ 4 sinc cos c (- cos 2 c ) = 0
Þ - 2 sin 2c × cos 2 c = 0
Þ - sin4 c = 0
Þ sin 4 c = 0
Þ 4c = p
p
Þ c=
4
p æ pö
and Î ç 0, ÷
4 è 2ø
Hence, Rolle’s theorem has been verified.

Q. 67 f (x) = log (x 2 + 2) - log 3 in [ - 1, 1]

Sol. We have, f(x ) = log (x 2 + 2 ) - log 3.
(i) Logarithmic functions are continuous in their domain.
Hence, f(x ) = log (x 2 + 2 ) - log 3 is continuous in [- 1 ,1.]
1
(ii) f ¢(x ) = × 2x - 0
x2 + 2
2x
= , which exists in (- 1, 1.)
x2 + 2
Hence, f(x ) is differentiable in (- 1, 1.)
 (iii) f(-1) = log [(-1)2 + 2 ] - log 3 = log 3 - log 3 = 0 and
f(1) = log (12 + 2 ) - log 3 = log 3 - log 3 = 0
Þ f(-1) = f(1)
Conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied.
Hence, there exists a real number c such that
f ¢(c ) = 0.
2c
Þ =0
c2 + 2
Þ c = 0 Î (- 1, 1)
Hence, Rolle’s theorem has been verified.

Q. 68 f (x) = x (x + 3) e - x /2 in [ - 3, 0]
Sol. We have, f(x ) = x (x + 3) e - x / 2
(i) f(x ) is a continuous function. [since, it is a combination of polynomial functions x(x + 3)
and an exponential function e - x / 2 which are continuous functions]
So, f(x ) = x (x + 3) e - x / 2 is continuous in [- 3, 0 ].
d - x/ 2 d
(ii) \ f ¢(x ) = (x 2 + 3x ) × e + e -x / 2 × (x 2 + 3x )
dx dx
= (x 2 + 3x ) × e - x / 2 × æç - ö÷ + e - x / 2 × (2 x + 3)
1
è 2ø
-x / 2 é
2 x + 3 - × (x 2 + 3x )ù
1
=e
ëê 2 ûú
é 4x + 6 - x 2 - 3x ù
= e -x / 2 ê ú
ë 2 û
1
= e - x / 2 × [- x 2 + x + 6]
2
- 1 -x / 2 2
= e [x - x - 6]
2
- 1 -x / 2 2
= e [x - 3x + 2 x - 6]
2
- 1 -x / 2
= e [(x + 2 ) (x - 3)], which exists in (- 3, 0).
2
Hence, f(x ) is differentiable in (- 3, 0).
(iii) \ f(- 3) = - 3 (- 3 + 3)e -3 / 2 = 0
and f(0) = 0(0 + 3) e -0 / 2 = 0
Þ f(- 3) = f (0)
Since, conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied.
Hence, there exists a real number c such that f ¢(c ) = 0
1
Þ - e - c / 2 (c + 2 ) (c - 3) = 0
2
Þ c = - 2, 3, where - 2 Î (- 3, 0)
Therefore, Rolle’s theorem has been verified.
Q. 69 f (x) = 4 - x 2 in [ - 2, 2]
Sol. We have, f(x ) = 4 - x 2 = (4 - x 2 )1/ 2

(i) f(x ) = 4 - x 2 is a continuous function.

[since every polynomial function is a continuous function]
Hence, f(x ) is continuous in [- 2, 2 ] .
1
(ii) f ¢(x ) = (4 - x 2 )-1/ 2 × (- 2 x )
2
1
= - x. , which exists everywhere except at x = ± 2.
4 - x2
Hence, f(x ) is differentiable in (- 2, 2 ).
(iii) f(- 2 ) = (4 - 4) = 0 and f(2 ) = (4 - 4) = 0
Þ f(- 2 ) = f(2 )
conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied.
Hence, there exists a real number c such that f ¢ (c ) = 0.
1
Þ -c =0
4 - c2
Þ c = 0 Î (- 2, 2 )
Hence, Rolle’s theorem has been verified.

Q. 70 Discuss the applicability of Rolle’s theorem on the function given by

ì x 2 + 1, if 0 £ x £ 1
f (x) = í
î3 - x, if 1 £ x £ 2
ìx 2 + 1, if 0 £ x £ 1
Sol. We have, f( x ) = í
î3 - x, if 1 £ x £ 2
We know that, polynomial function is everywhere continuous and differentiability.
So, f(x ) is continuous and differentiable at all points except possibly at x = 1.
Now, check the differentiability at x = 1,
At x = 1,
f(x ) - f(1)
LDH = lim
x ® 1- x -1
(x 2 + 1) - (1 + 1)
= lim [Q f(x ) = x 2 + 1, " 0 £ x £ 1]
x ®1 x -1
x2 -1 (x + 1)(x - 1)
= lim = lim
x ®1 x - 1 x ®1 x -1
=2
f(x ) - f(1) (3 - x ) f(1 + 1)
and RDH = lim = lim
x ®1+ x -1 x ®1 (x - 1)
3- x -2 -(x - 1)
= lim = lim = -1
x ®1 x - 1 x ®1 x - 1

\ LHD ¹ RHD
So, f(x ) is not differentiable at x = 1.
Hence, polle’s theorem is not applicable on the interval [0, 2].
Q. 71 Find the points on the curve y = (cos x - 1) in [0, 2p], where the
tangent is parallel to X-axis.
K Thinking Process
We know that, if f be a real valued function defined in the closed interval [a , b] such that
it follows all the three conditions of Rolle’s theorem, then f ¢(c) = 0 shows that the
tangent to the curve at x = c has a slope 0, i.e., it is parallel to the X-axis. So, by getting
the value of c¢ we can get the required point.
Sol. The equation of the curve is y = cos x - 1.
Now, we have to find a point on the curve in [0, 2p ],
where the tangent is parallel to X-axis i.e., the tangent to the curve at x = c has a slope o,
where c Î] 0, 2p[.
Let us apply Rolle’s theorem to get the point.
(i) y = cos x - 1is a continuous function in [0, 2p ].
[since it is a combination of cosine function and a constant function]
(ii) y¢ = - sin x , which exists in (0, 2p).
Hence, y is differentiable in (0, 2p).
(iii) y (0) = cos 0 - 1 = 0 and y (2 p ) = cos 2 p - 1 = 0,
\ y (0) = y (2 p)
Since, conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied.
Hence, there exists a real number c such that
f ¢(c ) = 0
Þ - sinc = 0
Þ c = p or 0, where p Î(0, 2 p)
Þ x=p
\ y = cos p - 1 = - 2
Hence, the required point on the curve, where the tangent drawn is parallel to the X-axis is
(p, - 2 ).

Q. 72 Using Rolle’s theorem, find the point on the curve

y = x (x - 4), x Î [0, 4], where the tangent is parallel to X-axis.
Sol. We have, y = x (x - 4), x Î [0,4]
(i) y is a continuous function since x(x - 4) is a polynomial function.
Hence, y = x (x - 4) is continuous in [0, 4].
(ii) y¢ = (x - 4) × 1 + x × 1 = 2 x - 4 which exists in (0,4).
Hence, y is differentiable in (0,4).
(iii) y(0) = 0 (0 - 4) = 0
and y(4) = 4 (4 - 4) = 0
Þ y(0) = y(4)
Sicne, conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied.
Hence, there exists a point c such that
f ¢(c ) = 0 in (0,4) [Q f ¢(x ) = y¢]
Þ 2c - 4 = 0
Þ c =2
Þ x = 2; y = 2(2 - 4) = - 4
Thus, (2, - 4) is the point on the curve at which the tangent drawn is parallel to X-axis.
Verify mean value theorem for each of the functions.
1
Q. 73 f (x) = in [1, 4]
4x - 1
K Thinking Process
We know that, mean value theorem states that, if f be a real function such that
(i) f (x) is continuous on [a,b]
(ii) f (x) is differentiable on ]a,b[
f (b) - f (a)
Then, there exists a real number c Î] a,b [ such that f ¢(c) = , thus we can
verify it for given function. b-a

Sol. 1
We have, f(x ) = in [1, 4]
4x - 1
(i) f(x ) is continuous in [1, 4].
1
Also, at x = , f(x ) is discontinuous.
4
Hence, f(x ) is continuous in [1, 4].
4
(ii) f ¢(x ) = - , which exists in (1, 4).
(4x - 1)2
Since, conditions of mean value theorem are satisfied.
Hence, there exists a real number c Î] 1, 4 [ such that
f (4) - f (1)
f ¢(c ) =
4-1
1 1 1 1
- -
-4 16 - 1 4 - 1 15 3
Þ = =
(4c - 1)2 4-1 3
-4 1- 5 - 4
Þ = =
(4 c - 1)2 45 45
Þ (4c - 1)2 = 45
Þ 4c - 1 = ± 3 5
3 5+1
Þ c= Î (1, 4) [neglecting (- ve) value]
4
Hence, mean value theorem has been verified.

Q. 74 f (x) = x 3 - 2x 2 - x + 3 in [0, 1]
Sol. We have, f(x ) = x 3 - 2 x 2 - x + 3 in [0, 1]
(i) Since, f(x ) is a polynomial function.
Hence, f(x ) is continuous in [0, 1].
(ii) f ¢(x ) = 3x 2 - 4x - 1, which exists in (0,1).
Hence, f(x ) is differentiable in (0,1).
Since, conditions of mean value theorem are satisfied.
Therefore, by mean value theorem $ c Î (01, , ) such that
f(1) - f(0)
f ¢(c ) =
1- 0
 [1 - 2 - 1 + 3] - [0 + 3]
Þ 3c 2 - 4c - 1 =
1- 0
- 2
Þ 3c 2 - 4c - 1 =
1
2
Þ 3c - 4c + 1 = 0
Þ 3c 2 - 3c - c + 1 = 0
Þ 3c (c - 1) - 1(c - 1) = 0
Þ (3c - 1) (c - 1) = 0
1
Þ c = 1 / 3 , 1, where Î(0, 1)
3
Hence, the mean value theorem has been verified.

Q. 75 f (x) = sin x - sin 2x in [0, p]

Sol. We have, f(x ) = sin x - sin2 x in [0,p]
(i) Since, we know that sine functions are continuous functions hence f(x ) = sin x - sin2 x is
a continuous function in [0,p].
(ii) f ¢(x ) = cos x - cos2 x × 2 = cos x - 2 cos 2 x , which exists in (0, p).
So, f(x ) is differentiable in (0, p). Conditions of mean value theorem are satisfied.
f (p) - f (0)
Hence, $ c Î (0, p ) such that, f ¢( c ) =
p-0
sin p - sin 2 p - sin 0 + sin 2 × 0
Þ cos c - 2 cos 2c =
p-0
0
Þ 2 cos 2 c - cos c =
p
2
Þ 2 × (2 cos c - 1) - cos c = 0
Þ 4 cos 2 c - 2 - cos c = 0
Þ 4 cos 2 c - cos c - 2 = 0
1 ± 1 + 32
1 ± 33
Þ cos c = =
8 8
æ 1 ± 33 ö
\ c = cos -1 çç ÷÷
è 8 ø
æ 1 ± 33 ö
Also, cos -1 çç ÷÷ Î (0, p)
è 8 ø
Hence, mean value theorem has been verified.

Q. 76 f (x) = 25 - x 2 in [1, 5]
Sol. We have, f(x ) = 25 - x 2 in [1, 5]
(i) Since, f(x ) = (25 - x 2 )1/ 2 , where 25 - x 2 ³ 0
Þ x 2 £ ± 5 Þ -5 £ x £ 5
Hence, f(x ) is continuous in [1, 5].
1 -x
(ii) f ¢(x ) = (25 - x 2 )-1/ 2 × - 2 x = , which exists in (1, 5).
2 25 - x 2
Hence, f ¢(x ) is differentiable in (1, 5).
 Since, conditions of mean value theorem are satisfied.
By mean value theorem $ c Î (1, 5) such that
f(5) - f(1) -c 0 - 24
f ¢(c ) = Þ =
5-1 25 - c 2 4
2
c 24
Þ 2
=
25 - c 16
Þ 16 c 2 = 600 - 24 c 2
600
Þ c2 = = 15
40
\ c = ± 15
Also, c = 15 Î (1, 5)
Hence, the mean value theorem has been verified.

Q. 77 Find a point on the curve y = (x - 3)2 , where the tangent is parallel to

the chord joining the points (3, 0) and (4, 1).
K Thinking Process
We know that, if y = f (x) be a function defined on [a, b] which follows mean value
theorem, then there exists atleast one point c in (a, b) such that the tangent at the point
[c , f (c)] is parallel to the secant joining the points [a , f (a)] and [b, f (b)] . So, we shall use
this concept.
Sol. We have, y = (x - 3)2 , which is continuous in x1 = 3 and x 2 = 4 i.e., [3, 4].
Also, y¢ = 2(x - 3) × 1 = 2(x - 3) which exists in (3, 4).
Hence, by mean value theorem there exists a point on the curve at which
tangent drawn is parallel to the chord joining the points (3,0) and (4,1).
f(4) - f(3)
Thus, f ¢(c ) =
4-3
(4 - 3)2 - (3 - 3)2
Þ 2 (c - 3) =
4-3
1- 0 7
Þ 2c - 6 = Þ c=
1 2
2 2
7 æ 7 ö æ 1ö 1
For x = , y = ç - 3÷ = ç ÷ =
2 è 2 ø è ø
2 4
So, æç , ö÷ is the point on the curve at which tangent drawn is parallel to the chord joining
7 1
è2 4ø
the points (3, 0) and (4, 1).

Q. 78 Using mean value theorem, prove that there is a point on the curve
y = 2x 2 - 5x + 3 between the points A(1, 0) and B(2, 1), where
tangent is parallel to the chord AB. Also, find that point.
Sol. We have, y = 2 x 2 - 5x + 3, which is continuous in [1, 2] as it is a polynomial function.
Also, y¢ = 4x - 5, which exists in (1, 2).
By mean value theorem, $ c Î (1, 2) at which drawn tangent is parallel to the chord AB,
where A and B are (1, 0) and (2,1), respectively.
f(2 ) - f(1)
\ f ¢(c ) =
2 -1
 (8 - 10 + 3) - (2 - 5 + 3)
Þ 4c - 5 =
1
Þ 4c - 5 = 1
6 3
\ c = = Î (1 , 2 )
4 2
3 3 2
y = 2 æç ö÷ - 5 æç ö÷ + 3
3
For x = ,
2 è2 ø è2 ø
9 15 9 - 15 + 6
=2 ´ - + 3= =0
4 2 2
Hence, æç , 0 ö÷ is the point on the curve y = 2 x 2 - 5x + 3 between the points A (1, 0) and
3
è2 ø
B (2, 1), where tangent is parallel to the chord AB.

Long Answer Type Questions

ì x 2 + 3x + p, if x £ 1
Q. 79 Find the values of p and q, so that f (x) = í is
î qx + 2, if x > 1
differentiable at x = 1.
Sol. ì x 2 + 3x + p, if x £ 1
We have, f (x ) = í is differentiable at x = 1.
î qx + 2, if x > 1
f(x ) - f(1)
\ Lf ¢ (1) = lim
x ®1- x -1
(x 2 + 3 x + p) - (1 + 3 + p)
= lim
x ®1- x -1
[(1 - h)2 + 3(1 - h) + p] - [1 + 3 + p]
= lim
h ®0 (1 - h) - 1
[1 + h2 - 2 h + 3 - 3h + p] - [4 + p]
= lim
h®0 -h
[h2 - 5 h + p + 4 - 4 - p] h [h - 5]
= lim = lim
h®0 -h h®0 -h
= lim - [h - 5] = 5
h®0
f(x ) - f(1) (qx + 2 ) - (1 + 3 + p)
R f ¢ (1) = lim = lim
x ®1 +x -1 x ®1+ x -1
[q (1 + h) + 2 ] - (4 + p)
= lim
h®0 1+ h - 1
[q + qh + 2 - 4 - p] qh + (q - 2 - p)
= lim = lim
h®0 h h ® 0 h
Þ q - 2 - p = 0Þ p - q = - 2 ...(i)
qh + 0
Þ lim =q [for existing the limit]
h®0 h
If Lf ¢(1) = Rf ¢(1,) then 5 = q
Þ p- 5 = - 2Þ p= 3
\ p = 3 and q = 5
Q. 80 If x m × y n = (x + y) m + n , prove that
dy y d2 y
(i) = and (ii) =0
dx x dx 2
Sol. We have, x m × y n = (x + y)m + n
...(i)
(i) Differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. x, we get
d d
(x m × y n ) = (x + y)m + n
dx dx
d n dy n d d
Þ xm × y × + y × x m = (m + n) (x + y)m + n - 1 (x + y)
dy dx dx dx

+ y × mx m - 1 = (m + n) (x + y)m + n -1 æç 1 +
dy n dy ö
Þ x m × nyn - 1 ÷
dx è dx ø
dy m n
Þ [x × ny -1 - (m + n) × (x + y)m + n - 1 ] = (m + n) (x + y)m + n - 1 - yn mx m-1
dx
n
dy n -1 y -1 × y × mx m
Þ [nx m y - (m + n)(x + y)m + n -1 ] = (m + n) × (x + y)m + n -1 -
dx x
(m + n) (x + y)m + n y n -1× y × mx m
-
dy (x + y) x
\ = m n
dx nx y 1
- (m + n) (x + y)m + n
y (x + y)
x (m + n) (x + y)m + n - (x + y) × y × n - 1 y × mx m
(x + y) × x
= n
(x + y) n x m y - y (m + n) (x + y)m + n
(x + y) × y
x (m + n) × x m × yn - m (x + y) yn x m
(x + y) × x n
= [Q (x + y)m + n
= xm × y ]
(x + y) nx m × yn - y (m + n) × x m × y n
(x + y) × y
x m y n [mx + nx - mx - my]× (x + y) y
=
x m y n [nx + ny - my - ny]× (x + y) × x
y
= …(ii)
x
Hence proved.
dy y
(ii) Further, differentiating Eq. (ii) i.e., = on both the sides w.r.t. x, we get
dx x
dy
x× - y× 1
d2y dx
2
= 2
dx x
y
x× - y
= x éQ dy = y ù
x 2 êë dx x úû
=0 Hence proved.
Q. 81 If x = sin t and y = sin pt, then prove that
2
d y dy
(1 - x 2 ) 2 - x + p 2 y = 0.
dx dx
Sol. We have, x = sin t and y = sin pt
dx dy
\ = cos t and = cos pt×p
dt dt
dy dy / dt p × cos pt
Þ = = …(i)
dx dx / dt cos t
Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d dt d dt
cos t × ( p × cos pt ) - pcos pt × cos t ×
d2y dt dx dt dx
=
dx 2 cos 2 t
dt
[cos t × p × (- sin pt ) × p - p cos pt × (- sin t )]
= dx
cos 2 t
1
[- p2 sin pt × cos t + p sin t × cos pt ] ×
cos t
=
cos 2 t
d2y - p2 sin pt × cos t + p cos pt × sin t
Þ = ...(ii)
dx 2 cos 3 t
Since, we have to prove
d2y dy
(1 - x 2 ) 2
-x + p2 y = 0
dx dx
[- p2 sin pt × cos t + pcos pt × sin t ]
\ LHS = (1 - sin2 t )
cos 3 t
pcos pt
- sin t × + p2 sin pt
cos t
1 é(1 - sin t ) (- p sin pt × cos t + pcos pt × sin t )ù
2 2
= ê ú
cos 3 t êë - p cos pt × sin t × cos 2 t + p2 sin pt × cos 3 t úû

1 é - p2 sin pt × cos 3 t + pcos pt × sin t × cos 2 t ù 2 2

= ê ú [Q 1 - sin t = cos t ]
cos 3 t êë - pcos pt × sin t × cos 2 t + p2 sin pt × cos 3 t úû
1
= ×0
cos 3 t
=0 Hence proved.

dy x2 + 1
Q. 82 Find the value of , if y = x tan x + .
dx 2
x2 + 1
Sol. We have, y = x tan x + ...(i)
2
x2 + 1
Taking u = x tan x and v = ,
2
log u = tan x log x ...(ii)
x2 + 1
and v2 = ...(iii)
2
 On, differentiating Eq. (ii) w.r.t. x, we get
1 du 1
× = tan x × + log x × sec 2 x
u dx x
Þ
du
=u é tan x
+ log x × sec 2 x ù
dx êë x úû

= x tan x é
tan x
+ log x × sec 2 x ù …(iv)
êë x úû
Also, differentiating Eq. (iii) w.r.t. x, we get
dv 1 dv 1
2 v× = (2 x )Þ = × (2 x )
dx 2 d x 4v
dv 1 x× 2
Þ = × 2x =
dx 2
x +1 2 x2 + 1
4×
2
dv x
Þ = ...(v)
dx 2 ( x 2 + 1)
Now, y=u + v
d y du d v
\ = +
dx dx dx

= x tan x é
tan x
+ log x × sec 2 x ù +
x
êë x úû
2(x 2 + 1)

Objective Type Questions

x2
Q. 83 If f (x) = 2x and g(x) = + 1, then which of the following can be a
2
discontinuous function?
(a) f ( x) + g ( x) (b) f ( x) - g ( x)
g ( x)
(c) f ( x) × g ( x) (d)
f ( x)
Sol. (d) We know that, if f and g be continuous functions, then
(a) f + g is continuous (b) f - g is continuous.
f
(c) fg is continuous (d) is continuous at these points, where g (x ) ¹ 0.
g
x2
+1
g(x ) x2 + 2
Here, = 2 =
f( x ) 2x 4x
which is discontinuous at x = 0.
 4 - x2
Q. 84 The function f (x) = is
4x - x 3
(a) discontinuous at only one point
(b) discontinuous at exactly two points
(c) discontinuous at exactly three points
(d) None of the above
4 - x2 (4 - x 2 )
Sol. (c) We have, f( x ) = 3
=
4x - x x (4 - x 2 )
(4 - x 2 ) 4 - x2
= =
x (2 2 - x 2 ) x (2 + x ) (2 - x )
Clearly, f(x ) is discontinuous at exactly three points x = 0, x = - 2 and x = 2.

Q. 85 The set of points where the function f given by f (x) = | 2x - 1| sin x is

differentiable is
1
(a) R (b) R - æç ö÷
è2ø
(c) (0 , ¥ ) (d) None of these
Sol. (b) We have, f(x ) = |2 x - 1| sin x
1
At x = , f(x ) is not differentiable.
2
Hence, f(x ) is differentiable in R - æç ö÷.
1
è ø2

f æç + h ö÷ - f æç ö÷
1 1
Q æ 1ö
Rf ¢ç ÷ = lim è 2 ø è 2ø
è2 ø h ® 0 h

2 æç + h ö÷ - 1 sin æç + h ö÷ - 0
1 1
è2 ø è2 ø
= lim
h®0 h
1 + 2h ö
|2 h|× sin æç ÷
= lim è 2 ø = 2 × sin 1
h®0 h 2
æ 1 ö
f ç - h÷ - f ç ÷æ 1ö
L f ¢æç ö÷ = lim è
1 2 ø è2 ø
and
è2 ø h ® 0 -h
-1
2 æç - h ö÷
1
- sin æç - h ö÷ - 0
1
è2 ø è2 ø
= lim
h®0 -h

|0 - 2 h|- sin æç - h ö÷
1
= lim è 2 ø = - 2 sin æ 1 ö
ç ÷
h®0 -h è2 ø

Rf ¢æç ö÷ ¹ Lf ¢æç ö÷
1 1
Q
è2 ø è2 ø
1
So, f(x ) is not differentiable at x = .
2
Q. 86 The function f (x) = cot x is discontinuous on the set
(a) { x = np : n Î Z } (b) { x = 2np : n Î Z }
p np
(c) ìí x = (2n + 1) ; n Î Z üý (d) ìíx = ; n Î Z üý
î 2 þ î 2 þ
Sol. (a) We know that, f(x ) = cot x is continuous in R - {n p : n Î Z}.
cos x
Since, f(x ) = cot x = [since, sin x = 0 at n p , n Î Z ]
sin x
Hence, f(x ) = cot x is discontinuous on the set {x = np : n Î Z}.

Q. 87 The function f (x) = e |x| is

(a) continuous everywhere but not differentiable at x = 0
(b) continuous and differentiable everywhere
(c) not continuous at x = 0
(d) None of the above
Sol. (a) Let u (x ) = |x| and v (x ) = e x
\ f(x ) = vou(x ) = v[u (x )]
= v | x | = e | x|
Since, u(x ) and v (x ) are both continuous functions.
So, f(x ) is also continuous function but u (x ) = |x| is not differentiable at x = 0, whereas
v(x ) = e x is differentiable at everywhere.
Hence, f(x ) is continuous everywhere but not differentiable at x = 0.

1
Q. 88 If f (x) = x 2 sin , where x ¹ 0, then the value of the function f at
x
x = 0, so that the function is continuous at x = 0, is
(a) 0 (b) - 1
(c) 1 (d) None of these
Q f(x ) = x 2 sin æç ö÷, where x ¹ 0
1
Sol. (a)
èx ø
Hence, value of the function f at x = 0, so that it is continuous at x = 0 is 0.

émx + 1, p
if x £
ê 2 is continuous at x = p , then
Q. 89 If f (x) = ê
p 2
êsin x + n, if x >
ë 2
np
(a) m = 1, n = 0 (b) m = +1
2
mp p
(c) n = (d) m = n =
2 2
ìmx + 1, p
if x £
ï 2 p
Sol. (c) We have, f(x ) = í p
is continuous at x =
ï(sin x + n), if x > 2
î 2
 é p ù mp
\ LHL = lim (mx + 1) = lim ê m æç - h ö÷ + 1ú = +1
x®
p- h®0 ë è 2 ø û 2
2
é p ù
and RHL = lim (sin x + n) = lim êsin æç + h ö÷ + nú
x®
p+ h ® 0 ë è 2 ø û
2

= lim cos h + n = 1 + n
h®0

\ LHL = RHL é to be continuous at x = p ù

ëê 2 ûú
p
Þ m× + 1= n + 1
2
p
\ n = m×
2

Q. 90 If f (x) = |sin x |, then

(a) f is everywhere differentiable
(b) f is everywhere continuous but not differentiable at x = np, n Î Z
p
(c) f is everywhere continuous but not differentiable at x = (2n + 1) , n Î Z
2
(d) None of the above
Sol. (b) We have, f(x ) = |sin x|
Let f(x ) = vou (x ) = v [u(x )] [where, u (x ) = sin x and v (x ) = |x|]
= v (sin x ) = |sin x|
where, u(x ) and v (x ) are both continuous.
Hence, f(x ) = vo u(x ) is also a continuous function but v(x ) is not differentiable at x = 0.
So, f(x ) is not differentiable where sin x = 0Þ x = n p, n Î Z
Hence, f(x ) is continuous everywhere but not differentiable at x = np, n Î Z.

æ 1 - x2 ö
Q. 91 If y = log çç ÷, then dy is equal to
2 ÷
è1 + x ø dx
4 x3 - 4x 1 - 4 x3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1- x4 1- x4 4 - x4 1- x4
æ 1 - x2 ö
Sol. (b) We have, y = log çç ÷
2 ÷
è1 + x ø
dy 1 d æ 1 - x2 ö
\ = . ç ÷
dx 1 - x 2 dx çè 1 + x 2 ÷ø
1 + x2
(1 + x 2 ) (1 + x 2 ) × (-2 x ) - (1 - x 2 ) × 2 x
= ×
(1 - x 2 ) (1 + x 2 )2
-2 x[1 + x 2 + 1 - x 2 ] - 4x
= =
(1 - x 2 ) × (1 + x 2 ) 1 - x4
 dy
Q. 92 If y = sin x + y, then is equal to
dx
cos x cos x sin x sin x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2y - 1 1 - 2y 1 - 2y 2y - 1

Sol. (a) Q y = (sin x + y )1/ 2

dy 1 d
\ = (sin x + y)-1/ 2 × (sin x + y)
dx 2 dx
dy 1 1
× æç cos x +
dy ö
Þ = × ÷
dx 2 (sin x + y)1/ 2 è dx ø
dy 1 æ dy ö
Þ = ç cos x + ÷ [Q (sin x + y)1/ 2 = y]
dx 2 y è dx ø
dy æ 1 ö cos x
Þ ç1 - ÷=
dx è 2 yø 2y
dy cos x 2y cos x
\ = × =
dx 2y 2y - 1 2y - 1

Q. 93 The derivative of cos -1 (2x 2 - 1) w.r.t. cos -1 x is

-1
(a) 2 (b)
2 1- x2
2
(b) (d) 1 - x 2
x
Sol. (a) Let u = cos -1 (2 x 2 - 1) and v = cos -1 x
dv + -1 - 4x
\ = × 4x =
dx 2
1 - (2 x - 1) 2
1 - (4x 4 + 1 - 4x 2 )
- 4x - 4x
= =
4 2
- 4x + 4x 4x (1 - x 2 )
2

-2
=
1 - x2
du -1
and =
dx 1 - x2
2
dx du / dx - 2 / 1 - x
\ = = =2
dv dv / dx -1 / 1 - x 2

2 3 d2y
Q. 94 If x = t and y = t , then is equal to
dx 2
3 3 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 4t 2t 2t

Sol. (b) We have, x = t 2 and y = t 3

dx dy
\ = 2 t and = 3t2
dt dt
dy dy / dt 3t 2 3
\ = = = t
dx dx / dt 2t 2
 On further differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
d 2 y 3 d dt
= × t×
dx 2 2 dt dx
3 1 éQ dt = 1 ù
= ×
2 2t êë dx 2t úû
3
=
4t

Q. 95 The value of c in Rolle’s theorem for the function f (x) = x 3 - 3x in the

interval [0, 3] is
3 1
(a) 1 (b) - 1 (c) (d)
2 3
Sol. (a) Q f ¢(c ) = 0 [Q f ¢(x ) = 3x 2 - 3]
Þ 3c 2 - 3 = 0
3
Þ c2 = = 1
3
Þ c = ± 1, where 1 Î(0, 3 )
\ c =1

1
Q. 96 For the function f (x) = x + , x Î [1, 3], the value of c for mean value
x
theorem is
(a) 1 (b) 3
(c) 2 (d) None of these
f ( b ) – f ( a)
Sol. (b) Q f ¢ (c ) =
b– a
é 3 + 1 ù – é1 + 1ù
ê éQ f ¢ (x ) = 1 – 1 ù
1 3 ûú êë 1úû
Þ 1– 2 = ë ê x2 ú
c 3 – 1 ê ú
ëand b = 3, a = 1 û
10
–2
c2 – 1
Þ 2
= 3
c 2
2
c -1 4 2
Þ = =
c2 3 ´2 3
Þ 3(c 2 - 1) = 2c 2
Þ 3 c2 - 2c2 = 3
Þ c2 = 3 Þ c = ± 3
Q c = 3 Î(1, 3)
Fillers
Q. 97 An example of a function which is continuous everywhere but fails to
be differentiable exactly at two points is ......... .
Sol. | x | + | x – 1| is continuous everywhere but fails to be differentiable exactly at two points
x = 0 and x = 1.
So, there can be more such examples of functions.

Q. 98 Derivative of x 2 w.r.t. x 3 is ......... .

Sol. 2
Derivative of x 2 w.r.t. x 3 is .
3x
Let u = x 2 and v = x 3
du dv
\ = 2 x and = 3x 2
dx dx
du 2x 2
Þ = =
dv 3x 2 3x

p
Q. 99 If f (x) = |cos x |, then f ¢ æç ö÷ is equal to ......... .
è4ø
p
Sol. If f(x ) = |cos x |, then f¢ æç ö÷
è 4ø
p
Q 0< x < , cos x > 0.
2
f (x ) = + cos x
\ f ¢ (x ) = (– sin x )
p p –1 é p 1 ù
Þ f¢ æç ö÷ = – sin = êëQ sin 4 = 2 úû
è 4ø 4 2

p
Q. 100 If f (x) = |cos x – sin x |, then f ¢ æç ö÷ is equal to ......... .
è3ø
Sol. Q f(x ) = |cos x – sin x|,
p 3+1
\ f¢ æç ö÷ =
è 3ø 2
p p
We know that, < x < , sin x > cos x
4 2
\cos x – sin x £ 0 i .e., f(x ) = – (cos x – sin x )
f ¢(x ) = - [– sin x – cos x ]
p æ - 3 1ö æ 3+ 1ö
\ f¢æç ö÷ = – çç – ÷÷ = çç ÷÷
è 3ø è 2 2ø è 2 ø
 at æç , ö÷ is ......... .
dy 1 1
Q. 101 For the curve x+ y = 1,
dx è4 4ø
at æç , ö÷ is - 1.
dy 1 1
Sol. For the curve x + y = 1,
dx è 4 4ø
We have, x + y =1
1 1 dy
Þ + =0
2 x 2 y dx
dy y
Þ =–
dx x
1
–
\ æ dy ö = 2 = –1
ç ÷æ 1 1
è dx ø ç ,
1ö
÷
è4 4ø
2

True/False
Q. 102 Rolle’s theorem is applicable for the function f (x) = | x – 1| in [ 0, 2 ].
Sol. False
Hence, f(x ) = x – 1 in [0, 2 ]is not differentiable at x = 1 Î (0, 2 ).

Q. 103 If f is continuous on its domain D, then | f | is also continuous on D.

Sol. True

Q. 104 The composition of two continuous function is a continuous

function.
Sol. True

Q. 105 Trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions are differentiable

in their respective domain.
Sol. True

Q. 106 If f × g is continuous at x = a, then f and g are separately continuous

at x = a.
Sol. False
Let f(x ) = sin x and g (x ) = cot x
cos x
\ f(x ) × g (x ) = sin x × = cos x
sin x
which is continuous at x = 0 but cot x is not continuous at x = 0.