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Linear Algebra

Linear algebra involves vector spaces which have properties like closure under addition and scalar multiplication. A vector space has 10 properties including closure, commutativity, associativity, identity elements, and inverse elements for addition, as well as closure, distributivity, identity elements, and compatibility for scalar multiplication. Examples of vector spaces include sets of real numbers and matrices. Linear combinations involve writing vectors as sums of scalar multiples of other vectors. Linear transformations map vectors to vectors and can be represented by matrices. The span of a set of vectors is the set of all possible linear combinations of those vectors.

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Nonthapat Sriboonruang
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34 views

Linear Algebra

Linear algebra involves vector spaces which have properties like closure under addition and scalar multiplication. A vector space has 10 properties including closure, commutativity, associativity, identity elements, and inverse elements for addition, as well as closure, distributivity, identity elements, and compatibility for scalar multiplication. Examples of vector spaces include sets of real numbers and matrices. Linear combinations involve writing vectors as sums of scalar multiples of other vectors. Linear transformations map vectors to vectors and can be represented by matrices. The span of a set of vectors is the set of all possible linear combinations of those vectors.

Uploaded by

Nonthapat Sriboonruang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Algebra

Pongsakorn Pengboon
Vector Space

• Set of object(vector) with can be add together and multiply by scalars

• Adding and multiply can be define different from number system

• The object will be one of vector space, if it has 10 properties


Addition Properties

• Closed property
The addition of 2 member in vector must be the member of vector
• Commutativity
u+v=v+u
• Associativity
u + (v + w) = (u + v) + w
• Identity element
There exist the zero vector which is the member of vector, that add to any
member of vector the value will not change.
• Inverse elements
For every member of vector, there exist 1 member addition of two will be
zero vector
Multiplication with scalars Properties
• Closed property
The multiplication of member in vector and any scalar must be the member of
vector
• Distributivity with respect to vector addition
a(u + v) = au + av
• Distributivity with respect to field addition
(a + b)v = av + bv
• Compatibility
a(bv) = (ab)v
• Identity element
1v = v
Example of vector space

• Vector real number : 𝑅!, 𝑅", 𝑅#

• Matrix real number

• Span vector
Linear Combination

Let A = 𝑥, 𝑦 ; 𝑥, 𝑦 is vector in 𝑅
Linear Combination of A : 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 ; 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅

Let B = 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤 ; 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤 is vector in 𝑅#
Linear Combination of B : 𝑎𝑢 + 𝑏𝑣 + 𝑐𝑤 ; 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝑅

Let X = 𝑥$, 𝑥!, 𝑥", …


Linear Combination of X : 𝑎$𝑥$ + 𝑎!𝑥! + 𝑎"𝑥" + … ; 𝑥% ∈ 𝑅
Linear Combination

𝐴 = 2, 3 : 15
6 2 + 1 3 = 15, 0 2 + 5 3, …

𝐵 = 6, 12 : 8
4 2
6 = 8, 12, …
3 3

𝐶= 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5, 6 : (1, 2, 5)
Impossible
Linear Transformation

𝑓: 𝑅! → 𝑅! 𝑓 𝑎, 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏, 𝑎 − 2𝑏)
𝑎 𝑎+𝑏
→
𝑏 𝑎 − 2𝑏

… … 𝑎 𝑎+𝑏
… … =
𝑏 𝑎 − 2𝑏
1 1 𝑎 𝑎+𝑏
=
1 −2 𝑏 𝑎 − 2𝑏
Linear Transformation
𝑓: 𝑅" → 𝑅" 𝑓 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 = (𝑎 + 𝑏, 3𝑐, 𝑎 − 4𝑏 + 𝑐)
1 1 0 𝑎 𝑎+𝑏
0 0 3 𝑏 = 3𝑐
1 −4 1 𝑐 𝑎 − 4𝑏 + 𝑐

𝑓: 𝑅! → 𝑅" 𝑓( a, b ) = (𝑎 − 𝑏, 3𝑎, −𝑎 + 3𝑏)


1 −1 𝑎 𝑎−𝑏
3 0 𝑏 = 3𝑎
−1 3 −𝑎 + 3𝑏

𝑓: 𝑅" → 𝑅! 𝑓( a, b, c ) = (𝑎 + 𝑏, 3𝑐)
𝑎
1 1 0 𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
=
0 0 3 𝑐 3𝑐
Linear Transformation

𝑓: 𝑅" → 𝑅" 𝑓 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 = (𝑎 − 2𝑐, −𝑏, 2𝑏 + 3𝑐 − 3𝑎)


1 0 −2 𝑎 𝑎 − 2𝑐
0 −1 0 𝑏 = −𝑏
−3 2 3 𝑐 2𝑏 + 3𝑐 − 3𝑎

𝑓: 𝑅! → 𝑅" 𝑓( a, b ) = (0.5𝑎, 𝑎!, 3.1𝑏 − 𝑎)


Impossible for constant number

𝑓: 𝑅" → 𝑅! 𝑓( a, b, c ) = (𝑎 + 𝑏, 5𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 4𝑐 − 7)
Impossible
Repeat Transform

𝑓: 𝑅! → 𝑅! 𝑓 𝑎, 𝑏 = (𝑏, 𝑎 + 𝑏)
0 1 𝑎 𝑎
=
1 1 𝑏 𝑎+𝑏

Fibonacci Number
0 1 𝑓1 𝑓$
=
1 1 𝑓$ 𝑓!
0 1 2 𝑓1 𝑓2
=
1 1 𝑓$ 𝑓23$
Span

1 4
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 2 , 5
3 6
1 4
= {𝑥$ 2 + 𝑥! 5 ; 𝑥$, 𝑥! ∈ 𝑅}
3 6

1 0 0
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 0 , 1 , 0
0 0 1
= 𝑅"
Span

Is vector x in span of set A

𝑥 = 1, 1, 2 , 𝐴 = { 1, 2, 0 , 0, 1, −2 }
𝑥 = 1 1, 2, 0 + (−1)(0, 1, 2)

𝑥 = 1, 2, 3 , 𝐴 = { 1, 1, 1 , 0, 1, 0 }
No

𝑥 = 11, 1, 4 , 𝐴 = { 1, 2, 1 , 1, −1, 0 , (1, 8, 3)}


𝑥 = 4 1, 2, 1 + 7 1, −1, 0 + 0(1, 8, 3)
Any Question??

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