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Grade VII-Physics - L 1 Heat Notes

1) The document provides information about heat transfer and related concepts like temperature, effects of heat, modes of heat transfer, land and sea breezes, and properties of materials related to heat transfer. 2) Key definitions are provided for heat and temperature. The three main modes of heat transfer - conduction, convection, and radiation - are explained. 3) Reasons are given for various phenomena related to heat transfer like wrapping ice in gunny bags, location of the freezer in refrigerators, colors of clothing worn in different seasons, and properties of materials used in cooking and heating.

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DEBENDRA NATH CHOUDHURY
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4K views7 pages

Grade VII-Physics - L 1 Heat Notes

1) The document provides information about heat transfer and related concepts like temperature, effects of heat, modes of heat transfer, land and sea breezes, and properties of materials related to heat transfer. 2) Key definitions are provided for heat and temperature. The three main modes of heat transfer - conduction, convection, and radiation - are explained. 3) Reasons are given for various phenomena related to heat transfer like wrapping ice in gunny bags, location of the freezer in refrigerators, colors of clothing worn in different seasons, and properties of materials used in cooking and heating.

Uploaded by

DEBENDRA NATH CHOUDHURY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Grade 7

Sub: Physics
Chapter: L4 Heat

 NOTE: Write neatly only starred questions in the


classwork.
 I Define the following:
1)Heat: Heat is the form of energy that is transferred between two substances at
different temperatures. The direction of energy flow is from the substance of
higher temperature to the substance of lower temperature.
2)Temperature: Temperature is a measure of the degree of hotness and
coldness of an object.
Unit of temperature: degree Celsius, degree Fahrenheit or kelvin.
II)Answer the following
1)List four effects that heat produces.

Ans: Four effects of heat are as follows:

1. Change in temperature - When water is heated, its temperature


increases and it starts boiling.
2. Change in State - On boiling water, steam is evolved, i.e., the liquid
state changes to its gaseous state.
3. Expansion - While heating water, some of it overflows due to expansion,
i.e., increase in volume.
4. Chemical change - When vegetables are boiled in water while cooking, they
become soft and their taste changes. Thus, a chemical change occurs in the
vegetables.

 2) Write difference between clinical thermometer and laboratory


thermometer.
1. Capillary of clinical thermometer 1.Laboratory thermometer has
has a kink just above its bulb. straight capillary.
2. The range of clinical thermometer 2.The range of clinical thermometer is
is 35 ℃ to 42℃ -10 ℃ to 110℃
94°F to 108°F

3.It is used to measure the body 3. It is used to measure the


temperature of humans. temperature during the science
experiments.

3. Describe the construction of clinical and laboratory thermometers with a neat


labelled diagram.
Ans: Clinical thermometer
 Clinical thermometer is a device that is used to measure the human body
temperature of a person.
 It is made up of a long, narrow glass tube of uniform thickness.
 The glass tube contains a bulb at one end which is filled with Mercury.
 The Mercury level in the thermometer rises up in the capillary tube of the
thermometer which therefore indicates the temperature of the body.
 The level of the Mercury can be measured by reading the scale given on the
thermometer.
 The scale of the thermometer records the temperature in degree Celsius,
generally, 35o C to 42oC, which is the range of human body temperature.
 On an average, the temperature of the human body is around 37o C or 98.6-
degree Fahrenheit.
 The clinical thermometer has a kink or constriction present in the capillary
tube near the bulb. This prevents the mercury level from falling down on its
own in the thermometer.
Laboratory thermometer
A Laboratory thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of the
substances and used in laboratories.
Constructions:
a) It is made up of long fine capillary tube of uniform bore and bulb. It is filled
with mercury.
b) The bulb is made relatively larger than it's bore to contain more liquid so as
to improve sensitivity.
c)The round glass stem around the capillary tube is made thick. It acts as a
magnifying glass.
d)It is graduated with the readings from -10 degrees C to 110 degrees C.

4. What precautions will you take while measuring temperature with a


laboratory thermometer and clinical thermometer?

Ans: Precautions that should be taken while using a laboratory thermometer


for measuring temperature are as follows:

 It should be properly washed before and after use.


 It should be kept upright while reading the temperature.
 Its bulb should be properly dipped into the liquid or perfectly touched to the
surface of the material whose temperature is being measured.
 Its bulb should not touch the surface of the container in which the material or
liquid has been placed.
 It should be handled with care, as it is made up of a glass tube.

Precautions that should be taken while using a clinical thermometer for


measuring body temperature are as follows:

 Sterilise the thermometer using an antiseptic solution before and after its use.
 Ensure that the mercury level is below 35oC before measuring the
temperature.
 Take the reading keeping the level of mercury along the line of sight.
 Avoid holding it by its bulb while reading the temperature.

 5) Explain the three different Modes of Heat Transfer?

Ans: When there are objects which are at different temperatures or there is an
object at a different temperature from the surroundings, then the transfer of heat
takes place so that the object and the surrounding, both reach an equilibrium
temperature.

There are three modes of heat transfer

1. Conduction of Heat
Heat conduction is a process in which heat is transferred from the hotter part to
the colder part in a body without involving any actual movement of the
molecules of the body. Heat transfer takes place from one molecule to another
molecule as a result of the vibratory motion of the molecules. It generally takes
place in solids.
Example: When frying vegetables in a pan. Heat transfer takes place from flame
to the pan and then to the vegetables.

2. Convection of Heat
In this process, heat is transferred in the liquid and gases from a region of higher
temperature to a region of lower temperature. In convection heat transfer occurs
partly due to the actual movement of molecules.
Example. Heating of milk in a pan.

3. Radiation of Heat
It is the process in which heat is transferred from one body to another body
without involving the molecules of the medium. In radiation heat transfer does
not depend on the medium.
Example: In a microwave, the substances are heated directly without any
heating medium.
6) Distinguish between land breeze and sea breeze

 Draw only the diagram of land breeze and sea breeze


in the classwork.
Ans: Sea Breeze
The land gets heated up by the heat radiated by the sun, much faster than the
water during daytime. This heats up the air over the land and it expands and
hence the hot air rises up and creates a vacuum. The cool air from the sea
occupies the space left by the hot air. The warm air from the land moves
towards the sea to complete the cycle. The air from the sea is called the sea
breeze.

Land Breeze
At night the land cools down quickly and sea water remains hot. These heats up
the air over the sea and it expands and hence the hot air rises up and creates a
vacuum. The cool air from the land occupies the space left by the hot air. And
hence the cool air moves from the land to the sea and is known as the land
breeze.

 7. Discuss why wearing more layers of clothing during winter keeps us


warmer than wearing just one thick piece of clothing?
Ans: More layers of clothing during winter keeps us warmer than wearing just
one thick piece of clothing because air gets trapped in-between them than one
thick piece of clothing. As air is a bad conductor of heat it does not allow the
escape of the heat from the body.
 8. In places of hot climate it is advised that the outer walls of houses be
painted white. Explain.
Ans: In places of hot climate, it is advised that the outer walls of houses be
painted white because white colour reflects back most of the heat that falls on it
as white is a good reflector and poor absorber of heat. This helps in keeping the
house cool.
 III) Give reasons:
 1) Wrapping of ice blocks in gunny bags.
Ans: The gunny bags consist of number of fine pores which are filled with
air. As air is a bad conductor of heat, it does not allow the external heat to
move inside and melts the ice.so ice blocks are wrapped with gunny bags.
 2)The freezer is located at the top of the refrigerator.
Ans: The freezer is located at the top of the refrigerator. It is because the air
inside and around the compartments of freezer gets cool and move downwards
and on the other side, the lesser cool air moves upward to get cooled.
So, as a result of this, convection of heat is setup in the air and the tower section
of the. refrigerator also gets cooled faster.

 3) We wear dark coloured clothes in winter and light-coloured clothes in


summer.
Ans: We wear dark coloured clothes in winter to keep us warm as they
absorb all the heat radiation coming from the sun whereas light coloured
clothes reflect most of the heat radiation coming from the sun that falls on
them and therefore, we feel more comfortable wearing them in the summer.

*4) Room heaters have shiny reflectors.

Ans: The shiny surface absorbs very little heat due to which the reflectors
reflect all the heat which makes the room heaters more effective. So, room
heaters have shiny reflectors.

*5) If a pan is removed from the fire, it cools down.


Ans: When a pan is removed from the fire, it loses heat to the surroundings by
radiation and it cools down

*6) Mercury used in thermometers rather than other liquids


Ans: Mercury is a shiny silvery liquid metal which does not sticks on the sides
of the thermometer. It has low melting point and high boiling point, so it melts
even at lower temperatures.

*7) The bottom of some cooking utensils is painted black,

Ans: Dark colours are good absorbers of heat. So, the cooking utensils absorbs
more heat and make cooking faster.

*H.W

1)The handle of a pressure cooker is covered with the thick plastic.Why?

2)Why ventilators are kept near the ceiling?


3) Why do birds fluff out their feathers during winter days?

4) Why do we use copper base for utensils?

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