IDAT7215

Computer Programming for Product

Development and Applications
Lecture 11-1: Internet of Things, Applications, and
Future Roadmap

Dr. Zulfiqar Ali

 Outline

▪ What is Internet of Things (IoT)

▪ IoT Architecture

▪ IoT Application

▪ IoT Future Roadmap

 What is Internet of Things?

Internet Things

A global network, that A set of electro-mechanical

connects computers or devices/sensors with an
devices from all over the ability to sense and
world communicate information 4
 Internet of Things Definition
▪ A proposed development of the Internet in which
everyday objects have network connectivity,
allowing them to send and receive data:

▪ In simple words, IoT is an ecosystem of connected

physical objects that are accessible through the
internet.

▪ It is also referred to as Machine-to-Machine (M2M),

Skynet or Internet of Everything.

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There are approximately 200 connectible things per person today!
The Quantified Self2

AirTag

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2Quantifiedself.com
 A Bit History About IoT
• Kelvin Ashton, a cofounder and executive director of the Auto-ID Centre
at MIT, first mentioned the Internet of Things in a presentation at a
conference at Procter and Gamble in 1999.

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A Bit History About IoT

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 IoT Architecture
Cloud

• How to store and process data?

• Locally (servers) or globally
Cloud Layer (cloud)
• Data cleaning, processing (ML/AI
algorithms), visualization
• How do device communicate? Gateway
• Wireless (WiFi, BLE, GSM, LoRa,
Communication 3G, 5G) Gateway Gateway
Layer • Data Handling
• Communication frequency,
reliability, security

• What kind of sensors?

• Application specific devices
Thing/Sensor
• How would they measure data?
Layer
• Measurements, Data handling, Sensor Network
fault tolerant, secure
Sensor Network
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Sensor Network
Edge Node Sink Node
The IoT Lifecycle

Collect Communicate Analyze Act

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The IoT Lifecycle
• Collect: Devices and Sensors are collecting data everywhere.
 The IoT Lifecycle
• Communicate: Sending data and events through networks to some destination.
 The IoT Lifecycle
• Analyze: Creating information from the data
 The IoT Lifecycle
• Act: Taking action based on the information and data
Internet of Things (IoT): Communication Models
• Request & Response Model

Request
Client Server

Fetch
Process Db

Client Prepare Response

Receives
Response

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Internet of Things (IoT): Communication Models
• Publisher Subscriber Model
𝑇1 𝐶1

𝐶2
𝑇2
Subscriber/
PUBLISHER BROKER Consumer
𝐶3

𝑇3
𝐶4
Topics
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Source of data
Internet of Things (IoT): Communication Models
• Push-Pull Model

Pushing Pull

PUBLISHER Consumer

Pushing Pull

Queue
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Internet of Things (IoT): Communication Models
• Exclusive Pair

CLIENT
⇌ Full duplex
&
SERVER

Bidirectional
Communication
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 IoT Examples
• Thermostat:

The Nest Learning Thermostat is called like

that because it can learn your schedule so it
could program itself to increase or reduce
the heating levels, thus reducing your bills.
Obviously, you can control it from your
Thermostat
phone.
 IoT Examples
• Ninja Block:

Watching over the temperature and humidity levels,

turning off the lights when you are not at home, or
even sending an SMS when someone is at your front
door. A wireless Window & Door sensor can let you
know when your door is opened or images of
someone who is moving in front of your door can be Ninja Block
stored in your Dropbox account
 IoT Examples
• Smart Body Analyzer

Withings is a company well-known for making gadgets to

look after your health and help you to keep fit. The
smart body analyzer is a smart scale that can do so much
more than just let you keep an eye on your weight. It
comes with an impressive set of features – full-body
knowledge, heart measurement, weight goals, long-term
progress graph, and indoor air quality monitoring.
Smart Body Analyzer
IoT Examples

Smart Kitchen
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IoT Applications
Smart Homes

Health Informatics
Industry 4.0

Construction
Engineering

Entertaining
Industry

Smart Buildings
Smart Vehicles
Why Does IoT Matter

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Background: Big-Data

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 What is Big Data?
⚫ The origin of “BIG DATA” term
⚫ In May 2011, EMC first introduce the concept of “BIG DATA” at EMC World
conference.

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 What is Big Data?
• No single standard definition!

• ‘Big-data’ is similar to ‘Small-data’, but bigger

• But having data bigger consequently requires different approaches, techniques, tools and
architectures
…to solve: new problems in a better way

• Big data is data whose scale, diversity, and complexity require new
architecture, techniques, algorithms, and analytics to manage it and extract
value and hidden knowledge from it…

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 How much Data is Out There?
Hard to Say!

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https://www.microsoft.com/zh-hk/microsoft-365/blog/
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How much Data is Out There?
Hard to Say!

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 Big Data Characteristics – 5Vs
• Big Data exhibit a few characteristics that
cover challenges like capturing, analysis,
storage, visualization of data coming in at
various speeds and in a variety of formats.

• Many characteristic models: 4Vs, 5Vs, 6Vs,

7Vs, … etc.

• We focus on the most common one: 5Vs.

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 Big Data Characteristics – 5Vs

• Volume
• Variety
• Value
• Velocity
• Veracity

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAyrObl7TYE
Data Sources

• The data come from several sources

• sensors used to gather climate information
• posts to social media sites,
• digital pictures and videos
• purchase transaction records
• cell phone GPS / location signals

…etc., to name a few!

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Data Sources

Scientific instruments
Social media and networks
(Collecting all sorts of data)
(All of us are generating data)

Mobile devices Sensor technology and networks

(Tracking all objects all the time) (Measuring all kinds of data) 37
Big-Data Sources in Buildings?

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 Business Intelligence (BI)
⚫ Comprehensive, cohesive, integrated set of tools and processes
⚫ Captures, collects, integrates, stores, and analyzes data
⚫ Purpose - Generate and present information to support business decision
making
⚫ Allows a business to transform:
⚫ Data into information
⚫ Information into knowledge
⚫ Knowledge into wisdom

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Business Intelligence Framework

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Applications of IoT-BigData in other domains
Smart
Automated
Stores
Transportation
Smart Cars
Smart
Smart Transit
Environment
Water
Management

Smart Smart
Buildings Agriculture
Smart
Manufacturing
or Agtech

Where is IoT leading us? IoT Future Roadmap 41

IoT Future Roadmap – Hong Kong

Hong Kong’s Smart City Blueprint Article Summary:

“Hong Kong’s smart city ecosystem is on the cusp of accelerated development”
“Hong Kong is set of digital transformation and a wave of IoT services is creating a smarter
city for the future” 42
IoT Future Roadmap:
Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT)

The combination of AI with IoT

Low Power
infrastructure leads to efficient IoT Fast Computing Wireless Low Power CPUs
operations, improve human-
machine interactions and enhance
data management and analytics.
We call it Artificial Intelligence of Next Generation
Wireless Cloud Computing AI/ML
Things (AIoT) that will make our
cities smart

Crowdfunding & Toolsets & Rapid

Policies Libraries Prototyping
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 Challenges
• Security is a top priority.

• Interoperability between disparate devices.

• Education of the field and its capabilities.

• Bring multiple parties together to create end-

to-end solutions.

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Summary
• We learned the concept of IoT
• A global network of things with internet connectivity
• We studied IoT architecture
• 3-layer architecture (things layer, communication layer and application layer)
• We explored IoT applications in Industry
• IoT use cases (Smart homes, Health informatics, Industry 4.0)
• We discussed IoT road map
• Hong Kong and global trend
• AI + IoT = AIoT for Smart Cities

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