1st SEMESTER-AY 2022-2023

The Life and Works

of Rizal

Prepared by:

Dutollo, Ydnar Cedrich

Gonzales, Daniela Regina
Reyes, Caila Nicole
PRESENTORS

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LESSON 4
Rizal’s Life: Higher Education and Life Abroad

Higher Education

Ateneo De Manila
• Escuela Pia (Charity School) - Formerly name of Ateneo, a school for poor boys in
Manila which was established by the city government in 1817
• Ateneo was known to be the most prestigious college for boys because of its great
teachings under the supervision of the Jesuit priests.
• Rizal studied in Ateneo de Manila but his father wanted him to send to Letran but
decided to have him enrolled at the Ateneo Municipal.
• Rizal took first the entrance examination at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran on June
10, 1872 and his brother Paciano, accompanied him when he took the exam.
• Father Magin Ferrando - who was then the College Registrar, refused Rizal’s
admission in the institution for two reasons: 1st - Rizal was a late registrant, 2nd -
Very pale, thin and undersized for an 11 year old.
• Manuel Burgos - who helped Rizal to be accepted in the institution. Jose was not able
to use Mercado as his surname when he enrolled at Ateneo.
• Jose Rizal - registered surname because his real surname had rung a bell to the ears of
the authorities, this was because of Paciano’s relation with one of the leaders of the
secularization movement, Father Burgos.
• At that time, Ateneo was offering a six-year program that gives students the academic
title of Bachiller en Artes.
• Became a member of Marian Congregation and an officer in the religious
confraternities at Ateneo.
❑ This position is only offered to students who consistently possessed the highest
degree of scholarship and leadership.
❑ There, he was mentored by Father Pablo Pastells, S.J.
• He was also a member of two academic societies:
1. Academy of Spanish Literature
2. Academy of Natural Sciences

JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

- Advance system of education from other colleges.
Promoting rigid discipline, religious instruction, physical features, fine arts
and scientific studies.

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Student are divided into two groups and student fought for position
1. Roman Empire - internos (boarder) / Red banner
2. Carthaginians Empire - externos or non-boarder / Blue banner
Emperor - Best student Centurion - Fourth best
Tribune - Second best Standard Bearer - Fifth best
Decurion - Third best

Student could challenge any officer in his empire, his opponent could lose his position if he
committed three mistakes. Two groups were in perpetual warfare for supremacy. During Rizal’s
time student wear uniform. The coat material was called “Rayadillo”.

Rizal’s First year in Ateneo (1872-1873)

• He heard mass at the chapel and prayed for guidance and success.
• Fr. Jose Bech - Rizal’s first professor
• Rizal was an externo (under Carthaginians) to prove to his Spanish and mestizos
classmates the intellectual capacity of an ‘Indio”. In a month’s time , he was at the
head , the class “emperor”. To improve his Spanish, he took private lessons in Santa
Isabel College during the noon recess and paid three pesos for that. In the second half
of the year in Ateneo, he placed second at the end of the year although all his grades
were still marked “excellent”.

Rizal’s Summer Vacation (1873)

• Rizal returned to Calamba but did not enjoy his vacation because his mother was in prison.
• To cheer him, up sister Nenemg (Saturnina) brought her to Tanawan with her.
• He told her his brilliant grades in the Ateneo and tearfully embraced each other.
• Summer vacation ended and went back to manila. This time he boarded inside Intramuros
at No. 6 Magallanes steet. His land lady was an old widow named Doña pepay.

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Second year in Ateneo (1873-1874)

• To regain his lost class leadership, he studied harder. Once more, he became “emperor”.
• Some of his classmates were new. Some of them were three boys from Biñan, who had
been his classmates in the school of Maestro Justiniano.
• At the end of school year Rizal received excellent grades and a gold medal. With scholastic
honor he returned in Calamba in March, 1874 for summer vacation.

Prophecy of mother’s release

• Rizal lost no time in going top Santa Cruz to visit his mother in the provincial jail.
• He gladdened Doña Teodora with his scholastic triumph at the Ateneo and tell some tales
about his professors and fellow students.
• Doña Teodora told her favorite son about her dream the previous night. Rizal interpreting
such dream, said that she would be released from prison in three months’ time Rizal’s
prophecy became true, barely three months Doña Teodora was set free. Doña Teodora
went back in Calamba, was more proud of her son Jose who was like the youthful Joseph
in the bible.

Teenage Interest in Reading

• During summer vacation in the year 1874 in Calamba, Rizal had interest in reading
romantic novels.
• The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas - First favorite novel. He read numerous
other romantic novels, with deep interest, enriching his fecund mind.
• “Hisstoria Universal” of Cesar Cantus - Enabling him to won more prizes in Ateneo.
• Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor (German scientist) What impressed him in
this book where
(1) Jagor’s keen observation of defects of Spanish colonization and
(2) his prophecy that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and America would come to
succeed as a colonizer.

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Third Year in Ateneo (1874-1875)

• Rizal’s mother arrived and joyously told him that she was released.
• Rizal did not make an excellent showing in his studies as in the previous year.
• His grade remained excellent in all subjects but he only won one medal—in latin.
• He failed to win the medal in Spanish because his spoken in Spanish in not fluently
sonorous.
• At the end of the school year (march, 1875) he returned in Calamba for summer vacation.
He was not impressed by his scholastic work. He said “I returned dissatisfied to my home
town.”

Fourth Year in Ateneo (1875-1876)

• On June 14, 1875 he became an internee in the Ateneo.
• Fr. Francisco Sanchez - his professor, a great educator and scholar ( whom he considered
his most beloved professor in Ateneo). He inspired Rizal to study harder and write poetry.
• Rizal resumed his studies with vigor and zest. He topped all his classmates and won five
medals at the end of the school term.
• He returned to Calamba for his summer vacation (march 1876) and proudly offered his
five medals and excellent rattling to his parents. He was happy that he was able to repay
his “father somewhat for his sacrifices”.

Last Year in Ateneo (1876-1877)

• After summer vacation, Rizal went back in manila in June,1876 for his last year in Ateneo.
• His studies continued to fare well. He excelled in all subjects.
• The most brilliant atenean of his time, He was truly “The pride of the Jesuit. Rizal finished
his last year in Ateneo in a blaze of glory. Obtaining the highest grade in all subjects.

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Sta. Isabel College

• Rizal took private lessons in Santa Isabel College to be proficient in Spanish and develop
his skills in poetry writing more.
• But before he took up lessons, he was guided by Father Francisco Paula de Sanchez in
developing his skills in poetry. Through his poetry he was able to finish poems about
religion, education, and childhood experiences. It also gave him the opportunity to develop
more mature emotions, patriotic sentiments and exquisite sensitivity.
• To enhance interest in Arts, Rizal took lessons with
Agustin Saez - painting lessons
Teodoro Romualdo de Jesus - sculpture lessons

Literature for Rizal

• Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration) - 1st poem that Rizal wrote as
a student.This poem was dedicated to his mother during her birthday, but according to
some, this was a work of his cousin.
• When he was a student at Ateneo, he wrote another poem entitled Un Recuerdo de Mi
Pueblo (In Memory of My Town). Written in 1876, this poem was his way of giving
tribute to his hometown, Calamba.
• Exposure into the Atenean system of education became his way to write more
poems on religion and education. Among the notable poems were:
1. Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus) as Rizal’s expression of his devotion to Catholicism;
2. La Alianza Intima Entre Religion y La Buena Educacion (The Intimate Alliance Between
Religion and Good Education); and
3. Por La Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria (Through Education The Country Receives
Light)

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University of Sto. Tomas

• After completion of Bachiller en Artes at Ateneo, Rizal was admitted to higher studies
at a university.
• Rizal was not sure of what course to take after graduation
• He enrolled under the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Major in Philosophy.
• Rizal’s performance in UST was not as good as his accomplishment in Ateneo, where
he excelled in all his subjects
• Most of his grades in his medical subjects were generally average, his real vocation
was really in the arts.
• Segundina Katigbak of Batangas - Rizals’s 1st Love, whom he frequently visited in her
boarding house
• Rizal was courting both Leonor (Orang) Valenzuela and Leonor Rivera Rizal stood as
a leader in student activism when he was studying philosophy and medicine in UST.
The Spanish and mestizo students called the Filipinos indio or chongo.
• Rizal then created a secret group of Filipino students called “Compañerismo.” The
members were called Companions of Jehu, the patriot general of the Jews. Rizal
automatically became the president of this secret society and Galiciano Apacible was
the secretary

Rizal’s Life: Life Abroad

Dr. Jose Rizal was considered as the “most travelled Filipino hero”. He travelled to almost 20
countries and about 40 island cities. Rizal’s parents, Leonor and the spanishh authorities knew
nothing of his decision to go abroad, only his brother paciano, Uncle Antonio rivera, sisters
neneng and lucia, the Valenzuela family, pedro paterno, compadre mateo evangelista, ateneo
jusuits priest, and some intimate friends.

May 1, 1882
- Rizal began writing farewell letters to his family and friends.

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May 3, 1882
- Rizal left the Philippines for the first time, on board the Spanish steamer Salvadora (SS
SALVADORA), Rizal departed for spain using “Jose Mercado” on his travel documents.
May 9, 1882
- Rizal has 2-day stopover in Singapore, an English colony.
May 11, 1882
- He was on board the steamer Djemnah, a French steamer, much larger and cleaner
than Salvadora.
May 17, 1882
- He arrived at Punta de Gales, a seacoast town in southern Ceylon (currently known as
Colombo Sri Lanka)
May 18, 1882
- He had a stopover at Colombo, the capital of Ceylon.
May 28, 1882
- From Colombo, Ceylon, the Djmenah continued voyage and crossed the Indian ocean
until it reached cape of Guardafin, Africa, then he reached Aden.
June 2, 1882
- From Aden, he proceeded to Suez Canal, then to the Red Sea terminal reaching Port
Said.
June 11, 1882
- From Port Said, the steamer proceeded to Europe and reached Naples city, Italy.
June 12, 1882
- The steamer docked at the French harbor of Marsielles where he stayed for two and a
half days.
June 15, 1882
- The steamer left Marseilles by train and reached Pyrenees and stopped for a day at
Port Bou.
June 16, 1882
- From Port Bou, Rizal continued his trip and finally reached his destination – Barcelona,
Spain.

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RIZAL’S LIFE IN BARCELONA

❑ He wrote an essay entitled “amor patrio” (love of country)
❑ His next article was entitled “los viajes” (travels) and followed by “revista de madrid
(review of madrid) but the latter was returned because the publication was ceased
because of lack of funds.
August 20, 1882
❑ His article “amor patrio” was published in Diariong Tagalog, a manila news paper edited by
Basilio Teodoro. This was the first article he wrote abroad.
❑ Amor patrio (love of country) – nationalistic essay, rizal’s first article written on spain’s
soil. Under his pen-name laong laan. It was published in two texts – Spanish and
tagalog. The Spanish text was the one originally written by rizal in Barcelona, the tagalog
translation was made by Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
September 2, 1882
- Rizal moved heading to Madrid in order to continue his medical studies.
November 3, 1882
- Rizal enrolled at the Universidad central de Madrid. In two courses – medicine and
philosophy and letters.

Rizal’s Life in Madrid

Academy of fine arts of san pedro
❑ rizal studied painting and sculpture
Rizal joined circulo
❑ hispano filipino
Mi piden versos
❑ upon the request of the members of this society, Rizal wrote this poem which
he personally declaimed during the New Year’s Eve reception held in the
evening of December 31, 1882.

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March 1883
- He joined another organization it was the masonic organization / the masonic
lodge called acacia.
November 1883
- He transferred to lodge solidaridad
June 1884
- Rizal finished his medical education. He was conferred the degree of licentiate in
medicine. The next year, he passed all his subjects leading to Doctors of Medicine but was only
able to get his doctor’s diploma in 1887 for he wasn’t able to pay the corresponding fees.
June 1885
- Rizal was awarded the degree of licentiate in philosophy and letters by the
Universidad Central De Madrid

PARIS TO BERLIN
❑ Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in Ophthalmology
❑ Dr. Louis De Wecker – he is the leading French Ophthalmologist during this period
❑ During Rizal’s free time he visited his fellow countrymen – Pardo De Taveras (Trinidad,
Felix, and Paz) and Juan Luna.
❑ Rizal also posed in Luna’s canvas like, “the blood compact” in which he posed as
Sikatuna and Trinidad as Legazpi.
❑ He also posed for a group picture called “the death of cleopatra” wherein he dressed as
an Egyptian.
❑ February 1, 1886 – he left Paris to Germany and arrived on February 3, 1886 in
Heidelberg, Germany. Since he was a good chesplayer, he was made a member of the
chess player’s club.
❑ Dr. Otto Becker – distinguished German Ophthalmologist where rizal worked – university
eye hospital.
❑ November 1886 – rizal arrived in berlin.
❑ Dr. Feodor Jagor – great scientist and author of “travels in the Philippines”
❑ Dr. Rudolf Virchow – known as the father of mother pathology.

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Rizal’s reason in staying in Berlin

1. To gain further knowledge in ophthalmology
2. To improve further his studies of sciences and languages.
3. To publish his novel, noli me tangere.
4. To associate with famous german scientists and scholars.
5. To observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation.

November 1886
– one of Rizal’s important letters written while he was in Germany that addresses to his
sister, Trinidad.
Noli me tangere (published in berlin, 1887)
– the bleak winter of 1886 in berlin was Rizal’s darkest winter because no money arrived
from Calamba, and he was flat broke.
• The diamond ring which his sister Saturnina, gave him was in the pawnshop. Was
memorable in the life of rizal for two reasons:
1. It was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick and despondent in a strange
city;
2. It brought him great joy after enduring so much sufferings, because his first
novel, Noli Me Tangere, came off the press in March, 1887.
❑ Uncle Toms cabin (harriet beecher stowe novel) – it inspired rizal to prepare a novel
that would depict the miseries of his people under the lash of Spanish tyrants.
❑ Maximo viola – Rizals friend from Bulacan, arrived in berlin at the height of rizal
despondency and loaned him the needed funds to publish the novel
❑ February 21, 1887 – the Noli was finally finished and ready for printing
❑ Berliner Buchdruckrei-action-gesellschaft – a printing shop that charged the lowest
price for novel copies.
March 21, 1887
– the Noli me tangere came off the press
RIZAL’S GRAND TOUR OF EUROPE WITH VIOLA

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May 21, 1887

- rizal and viola left berlin by train going to Dresden.
❑ Prometheus bound – a painting wherein rizal was deeply impressed
❑ Teschen (currently known as decin, Czechoslovakia) – next stop over after leaving
Dresden.
❑ Leitmeritz – at 1:30 pm of May 13, 1887 – the train, with rizal and viola on board,
arrived at the railroad station of leitmeritz, bohemia for the first time, the two great
scholars – rizal and blumentritt – met in person
❑ Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt – Austrian professor.

Vienna
May 20,1887
– rizal and viola arrived in Vienna, capital of Austria-Hungary

CROSSING THE FRONTIER TO SWITZERLAND

June 2 to 3, 1887
– stayed at Schaffhausen, Switzerland

GENEVA
- is the Swiss city being one of the most beautiful cities in Europe, visited by world tourists
every year.

June 19, 1887

- rizal treated viola to a blow-out. It was his 26th birthday.
June 23, 1887
- viola and rizal parted ways after their celebration

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Exposition of the Philippines in madrid, Spain

- rizal was outraged by this degradation of his fellow countrymen, the Igrots of northern
Luzon.

RIZAL IN ITALY
June 27,1887
- Rizal reached Rome. Rizal was thrilled by the sights and memories of the Ethernal city.
June 27,1887
- The feast day of St. Peter and St. Paul, rizal visited for the first time the Vatican, the “city
of the popes” and the capital of Christendom.
June 29, 1887
- Rizal wrote to his father to tell him he was returning home, but his family warned him
not to.

But rizal was determined to return home for the following reasons:
• To operate his mother’s eyes
• To serve the Filipino people who were oppressed by the Spanish tyrants
• To determine how his Noli and other writings affected the Filipinos and Spaniards
• To inquire the conditions of Leonor Rivera.

July 3, 1887
– Rizal left Rome by train for Marseilles, and boarded the Djemnah, a manila-bound
streamer.
July, 30, 1887
- In Saigon, he transfers to steamer Haiphong bound for manila.
August 8, 1887
- Rizal returned home to Calamba, where he was met affectionately and with plentiful
tears of joy.

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BRIEF STAY IN CALAMBA

❑ upon his return from abroad, Rizal established a medical clinic in Calamba, where his first
patient is his mother who is almost blind, thus treating his mother’s eye.
❑ Few weeks after Rizal’s arrival in Calamba, there were threats over Rizal’s life due to the
publication of his book “Noli”.
❑ In addition to his controversial book “Noli”, the Dominican friars got more furious because
of Rizal’s exposure of the deplorable conditions of tenancy in Calamba which infuriated
further his enemies.

SECOND TRIP TO ABORAD

February 3, 1888

– rizal left manila for hongkong on board the zafiro.

February 8, 1888

– he arrived at hongkong

February 18, 1888

– rizal and basa visited macao boarding the ferry steamer ku-kiang.

February 22, 1888

– he left hongkong, his next destination was Japan.

JAPAN
❑ February 28, 1888
– he arrived in Yokohama, then the next day he went to Tokyo and stayed there
for 6 days.
❑ March 7, 1888
– rizal left Tokyo and lived at the Spanish legation.

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RIZAL’S VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES (APRIL-MAY 1888)

April 28, 1888
– rizal arrived at san Francisco, California.
May 4, 1888
– rizal arrived in san Francisco and registered at the palace hotel and stayed for 2 days
May 6, 1888
– he was in Oakland, he boarded the train for his grand transcontinental trip to the
American continent.
May 13, 1888
– he reached new York

Rizal’s Impressions of America

Good Impressions:
- America is a progressive nation with great cities, huge farms, flourishing industries, and
busy factories.
Bad Impressions:
- racial prejudice existed, democracy and freedom were only in words, not practiced; no
true civil liberty.
- May 16, 1888 – he left New York for Liverpool, England.
- May 25, 1888 – he went to London and stay there for a short time as a guest at the
home of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, a practicing lawyer in London.
- September 1888 – Rizal visited Paris to search for more historical materials in the
Biblioteque Nationale.
- December 11, 1888 – he went to visit his compatriots Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Mariano
Ponce in Spain.
- December 31, 1888 – A patriotic society was established and inaugurated called
Association La Solidaridad with Rizal chosen as honorary president.
- February 15, 1889 – Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the fortnightly patriotic newspaper,
La Solidaridad – in Barcelona, Spain. A fortnightly periodical which seved as the organ of
the propaganda movement.

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- March 19, 1889 – Rizal went to Paris, he organized his compatriots into a society called
Kidlat Club.
- August 1889 – Rizal scheduled the holding of the inaugural convention of the
“International Association of Filipinologist”
- September 21, 1889 – Rizal founded the society called Redencion de los Malayos
(Redemption of the Malays) during the Universal Exposition in Paris.
- June 20, 1890 – Rizal wrote to M.H. Del Pilar to serve as the lawyer in the land case that
was appealed by the Rizal family to the Supreme Court in Spain.
- July 18, 1890 – Rizal wrote Mariano Ponce of his determination to go home because of
the suffering that affected his family.
- August 1890 – upon his arrival in Madrid, he immediately sought the help of the Filipino
colony in order to protest the injustices committed by the governor general and Dominican
friars against the Calamba people.
- August 19, 1890 – Rizal received a sad news on the untimely death of his friend Jose
Ma. Panganiban in Barcelona.
- September 6, 1890 – Paciano Rizal, Antonio Lopez, Silvestre Ubaldo, Mateo Elejorde,
and Dandoy were arrested, shipped out of Calamba, and exiled in Mindoro.
- December 1890 – Rizal received a letter from Leonor Rivera announcing her coming
marriage to Englishman and asking his forgiveness.
- February 1, 1891 – Rizal left Madrid for Biarritz where he had a brief vacation and
stayed as a guest at the Bousted family and eventually fell in love with Nelly but did not
end happily.
- March 29, 1891 – he finished writing the manuscript for El Filibusterismo.
- May 1, 1891 – Rizal notified the Propaganda authorities in Manila to cancel his monthly
allowance and devote the money to the education of young Filipino students in Europe.
- May 30, 1891 – Rizal almost completed the revision of El Filibusterismo and readied for
printing.
- July 5, 1891 – Rizal left Brussels for Ghent.
- October 3, 1891 – Rizal left Ghent for Paris and stayed there for few days to bid
goodbye to his friends.

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- October 14, 1891- from Paris he went to Marseilles.

- October 18, 1891 – Rizal boarded steamer Melbourne bound for Hong Kong.
- November 20, 1891 – he arrived at Hong Kong.
- December 21, 1891 – Rizal wrote his parents asking permission to return home.
- December 24, 1891 – Rizal was gladdened by the arrival of his father, brother, and
Silvestre Ubaldo, not long afterwards, his mother and sisters Lucia, Josefina, and Trinidad
also arrived.

FAMILY REUNION IN HONGKONG

December 25, 1891 – it was one of the happiest yuletide celebrations in Rizal’s life.
January 31, 1892 – Rizal wrote Blumentritt recounting their pleasant life in Hong Kong.
March 7, 1892 – on board the ship Menon, Rizal went to Sandakan to negotiate with the British
authorities for the establishment of a Filipino colony which is a success because the Borneo
Authorities were willing to give Filipino colonist 100, 000 acres of land, a beautiful harbor, and a
government.
April 20, 1892 – Rizal is back to Hong Kong.
May 8, 1892 – Rizal wanted to return to Manila to confer with Governor Despujol regarding the
Borneo Colonization project and to establish the La Liga Filipina in Manila and to prove that
Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that he is being comfortable and safe in
Hong Kong had abandoned the country’s cause.
June 21, 1892 – Rizal and his sister Lucia left Hong Kong for Manila. At the same date, the
Spanish consul-general who issued him a government guarantee of safety, informed Manila that
the victim is on trap, hence, a secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal.
June 26, 1892 – Rizal and his sister Lucia arrived in Manila.

The Propaganda Movement Propaganda

- means a “campaign of information as well as a bid for sympathy”.
The Propaganda Movement was a campaign by the native Filipinos calling for reforms in the
Philippines.

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Prominent Members
• JOSE RIZAL – author of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
• GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA – publisher of La Solidaridad.
• MARIANO PONCE – movement’s secretary.

Marcelo H. Del Pilar

• representation of the Philippines in the Cortes Generales; secularization of the clergy;
• legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality;
• creation of public school system independent of Catholic friars; abolition of polo y servicios
(labor service) and the bandala (forced sale of local products to the government);
• guarantee of basic freedoms;
• equal opportunity for the Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service.

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Name: ______________________ Course : _______________

Learning Task No. 1

Topic “Rizal’s life: Higher Education & Life Abroad”

Essay:

1. Was rizal already a perfect student when it comes to his studies? explain your answer.

2. What prompted rizal to study medicine? did he take it seriously?

3. What organizations did rizal joined in spain?

4. Why did rizal wanted to go back to the philippines? elaborate you answer.

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