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4 - HYPERBOLIC and Circular Functions

This document defines and discusses hyperbolic functions. It introduces the hyperbolic sine and cosine functions based on exponential functions, and defines other hyperbolic functions in terms of these. Tables of values for the main hyperbolic functions are provided. Relations between circular and hyperbolic functions are shown. Formulae involving hyperbolic functions are listed. The periodicity of the hyperbolic functions is discussed. Rules for differentiation and integration of hyperbolic functions are provided. Some solved examples applying these functions and rules are presented.

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196 views

4 - HYPERBOLIC and Circular Functions

This document defines and discusses hyperbolic functions. It introduces the hyperbolic sine and cosine functions based on exponential functions, and defines other hyperbolic functions in terms of these. Tables of values for the main hyperbolic functions are provided. Relations between circular and hyperbolic functions are shown. Formulae involving hyperbolic functions are listed. The periodicity of the hyperbolic functions is discussed. Rules for differentiation and integration of hyperbolic functions are provided. Some solved examples applying these functions and rules are presented.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hyperbolic functions 2020-21

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS:
From Euler’s formula, we have and

If is complex number, then ,


These are called circular function of complex numbers.

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS:
If x is real or complex, then sine hyperbolic of x is denoted by and is given as, and

Cosine hyperbolic of x is denoted by and is given as,

From above expressions, other hyperbolic functions can also be obtained as

, , and

TABLE OF VALUES OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION:


From the definitions of sinh x, cosh x, tanh x, we can obtain the following values of hyperbolic function.
x 0
0
1
0 1

Note: since ( ) ( ) ( ) | |

RELATION BETWEEN CIRCULAR AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS :


(i)
(ii)
(iii)

FORMULAE ON HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS :


CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
1 ( ) ( ) ( )
2 ( ) ( ) ( )

Dr. Rachana Desai Page 1


Hyperbolic functions 2020-21

3
4
5
6
7

10

11
12

13

14 ( ) ( )

15 ( ) ( )

16 ( ) ( )

17 ( ) ( )

18 ( ) ( )

19 ( ) ( )

20 ( ) ( )

21 ( ) ( )

22 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

23 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Dr. Rachana Desai Page 2


Hyperbolic functions 2020-21

24 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

25 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

PERIOD OF HYPERBOLIC FUNTIONS:


( ) ( ) ( )

Hence sinh x is a periodic function of period


Similarly we can prove that cosh x and tanh x are periodic functions of period and .

DIFFERENTIATION AND INTRGRATION :


(i) If ( )

If

(ii) If ( )

If

(iii) If

If
Hence, we get the following three results
∫ , ∫ , ∫

SOME SOLVED EXAMPLES:

1. If -

Solution:
( ⁄ )
Now,
( ⁄ )
Now, cos

2. Solve the equation for real values of .


Solution:
Putting the values of and we get

Dr. Rachana Desai Page 3


Hyperbolic functions 2020-21

( ) ( )

Solving it as a quadratic equation in ,


√ ( )( )
( )

( ) ( )

Since x is real, ( )

Dr. Rachana Desai Page 4

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