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Sr|12th class NEET PHYSICS

CHAPTER

4
MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM
CONTENTS NEET Syllabus
 Introduction Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s
experiment. Biot-Savart’s law and its
 Magnetic force
application to current carrying
 Motion of a charged particle in a circular loop.
magnetic field. Ampere’s law and its applications to
infinitely long straight current
 Motion in combined electric and
carrying wire, Solenoid and Toroid.
magnetic fields.
Force on a moving charge in uniform
 Magnetic field due to a current magnetic and electric fields.
element : Biot-Savart’s Law. Cyclotron.
 Magnetic field on the axis of a Force on a current-carrying conductor
circular current loop. in a uniform magnetic field. Force
between two parallel current-
 Ampere’s Circuital Law.
carrying conductors-definition of
 The Solenoid and the Toroid ampere. Torque experienced by a
current loop in a magnetic field;
 Force between two parallel
moving coil galvanometer-its current
straight current carrying
sensitivity and conversion to ammeter
conductors, The ampere.
and voltmeter.
 Torque on current loop, Magnetic Current loop as a magnetic dipole
Dipole and its magnetic dipole moment.
 The Moving coil Galvanometer Magnetic dipole moment of a
revolving electron.

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The direction of magnetic field for current

Introduction : carrying conductor is as given below.
i) A current carrying wire produces a magnetic
field of its own. This was first observed by
Oersted.
ii) When current is flowing through a conductor,
only magnetic field is produced around it, which
is non conservative.
iii) The direction of magnetic lines of force due to iii) Maxwell’s Cork screw rule :
straight current carrying conductor will be
Imagine a right handed cork screw, advancing
concentric circles around the conductor, in a
in the direction of current, then the direction of
plane which is always perpendicular to the
rotation of the screw head gives the direction
length of the conductor.
of magnetic lines of force,
The direction of magnetic field can be found by
using:
i) Ampere’s Swimming Rule :
Imagine a person swimming along a current
carrying wire in the direction of the current facing
a magnetic needle below the wire, then the
magnetic north pole of the needle deflects Ampere’s circuital law :
towards his left hand. STATEMENT : The line integral of the magnetic
induction field (B) along any closed path in air
(or) vacuum is equal to 0 times the net current
across the area bounded by this path.
JG JJG
 B.dl  0inet
O

ii) Ampere’s right hand thumb rule :

When a straight conductor carrying current is
held in the right hand, such that the thumb is
pointing along the direction of current, then the
direction in which fingers curl round it, gives
the direction of magnetic lines of force.
Consider a closed plane curve as shown in
JJG
figure. dl is a small length element on the curve.
JG
Let B be the resultant magnetic field at the
JJG JG JJG
position of dl . If the scalar product B.dl is
JJG
integrated by varying dl on the closed curve, it
JG
is called line integral of B along the curve and it
JG JJG
is represented by v B.dl

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The rule for deciding whether an enclosed JG JJG

current is positive or negative : The fingers v B.dl  0ienclosed
JG JJG
of the right hand are to be taken in the direction ; v B.dl   0 i8  i5  i2  i4 
of integration around the path, keeping thumb
perpendicular to curling fingers. If a current
pierces the membrane stretched across the area
in the direction of the thumb, then it is positive
current. If the current pierces the membrane in
the opposite direction, then it is negative. For
the above closed path
since, all the wires carry same current of i0 ,
v B.dl   (i  i
0 1 2  i3  i4  i6 )
JG JJG
we have v B.dl  2  0 i0 .
Points to remember regarding
Ampere’s Law: Intensity of magnetic induction (B)

a) The line integral does not depend on the shape near a long straight conductor :

of the closed path or on the position of the Consider an infinitely long wire carrying current
current carrying wire in the loop. i as shown in figure. P is a point at a
b) If a conductor carrying current, is outside the perpendicular distance r from the conductor.
closed path, the line integral of B due to that
The magnetic induction field produced by the
conductor is zero i.e., we need not consider
the currents that do not pierce the area of the conductor is radially symmetric i.e., magnetic
closed path. lines of force are concentric circles centered at
c) Ampere’s circuital law is always true, no matter the conductor. The tangent drawn to the line
how distorted the path or how complicated may of force at any point gives the direction of
be the magnetic field. In most cases even JG JJG
though Ampere’s circuital law is true, it is magnetic induction field B at that point. dl is a
inconvenient, because it is impossible to perform small element on the circle of radius r and angle
the path integral. However in few special JG JJG
symmetric cases it is easy to perform path between B and dl is 00 every where on this
integral using ampere’s law. path for anticlockwise integration.
d) Ampere’s circuital law is applicable for From Ampere’s circuital law
conductors carrying steady current.
e) Ampere’s circuital law is analogous to Gauss
law.
f) Ampere’s circuital law is not independent of
Biot-Savart’s law. It can be derived from Biot-
Savart’s law. Its relation with Biot-Savart’s Law
is similar to the relation between Gauss Law JG JJG
v B.dl   i v Bdl cos 0 0i
0
and Coulomb’s Law in electrostatics. 0

Illustration -1: Eight wires cut the page B v dl  i0

perpendicular to the points shown. Each
wire carries current i0 . Odd currents are 0i
B (2 r )  0i  B 
out of the page and even currents into the 2 r
JG JJG Here r must be much less than the length of
page. Find the line integral v B.dl along
conductor.
the loop. Magnetic induction at any point along the axis
Sol: According to Ampere’s circuital law (integrating
of conductor is zero.
in clockwise manner)

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WORKDONE TO MOVE A MAGNETIC at point ‘P’ which is at a distance ‘r’ from it.
POLE AROUND A CONDUCTOR : JJG
Let  be the angle between idl and the radius
G
Work done to move a unit north pole through a vector r .
small distance dl’ along the tangent at a distance According to Biot-Savart’s law, the magnitude
‘r’ away from current carrying conductor of magnetic induction dB.
JG JJG
 dw  F .dl a) is directly proportional to the current(i) flowing
JG JG JG
F  mB  B (' m  1) through the element i.e., dB i  (i )
JG JJG JG JJG b) is directly proportional to the length ( dl ) of
but dw  F .dl  dw  B.dl
Total work done in moving it once around the the element i.e., dB dl  (ii )
conductor. W  v dw c) is directly proportional to the sine of the angle
JG JJG ( ) between length of the element and the line
W  v B.dl joining the element to the point P.
But from Ampere’s circuital law dB sin   (iii )
JG JJG
v B .dl   0  W  0i
i d) is inversely proportional to the square of the
If a pole of strength ‘m’ is rotated for ‘n’ times distance (r) of the point from the element.
around the current carrying conductor, then the 1
work done is dB 2  (iv)
r
W  0i  nm i) If the conductor is in vacuum (or) air then
Here W  0, the magnetic field produced by  idl sin 
current carrying conductor is a non- dB  0
conservative field. 4 r2

Magnetic field due to a current Here

0
is the proportionality constant and 0
element - Biot-Savart’s Law : 4
is called as permeability of free space or air.
All magnetic fields are due to currents (or
moving charges ) and due to intrinsic magnetic The value of 0 is 4  10 7 tesla  m / A
moments of particles. Here, the relation The above equation gives the magnitude of the
between current and the magnetic field magnetic field produced due to small current
produced by the current is given by the Biot- element at a distance ‘r’ from it.
Savart’s law. Biot and Savart conducted several In vector form the above equation can be
experiments and established the relation written
JG JJG
 
between magnetic induction B and current(i). JJG  idl  r
dB  0

4 r 3
ii) The resultant field at P due to the entire
conductor can be obtained by integrating the
above equation.
JJG G
B
0i dl  r
B
A
4 r 3
The above figure shows a finite conductor AB
carrying current ‘i’. Consider an infinitesimal iii) If current flows in the direction as shown in the
JJG figure, the direction of dB at P is directed
element dl of the conductor. The magnetic
JJG perpendicular to the plane of the paper in the
field dB due to this element is to be determined inward direction.

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Magnetic field due to a straight Similarly B is given as

current carrying wire :
Consider a straight conductor carrying current
‘i’. Let ‘P’ be a point at a perpendicular distance
‘d’ from the conductor.
Let ‘dy’ be a small current element at a distance
‘r’ from ‘P’.
According to Biot-Savart’s law, the magnetic 0i
induction at P due to the small element is B cos 1  cos 2 
4 d
 0 idy sin  Special Cases :
dB 
4 r2 i) If the point is along the length of the wire (but
JG JJG G
As every element of the wire contributes to B not on it then as dl and r will be either parallel
in the same direction, the magnetic induction (or) antiparallel i.e.   0 (or ) 
due to the entire conductor is
JJG G JG B JJG G
 i dy.sin 
B   dB  0  so dl  r  0 and hence B   dB  0
4 r2 A

ii) If a point is at a perpendicular distance d from

the wire then the magnetic field B varies
inversely with distance d.

1
B
d
tan   y / d
y  d tan   dy  d (sec 2  ) d  iii) If the wire is of finite length ‘L’ and the point is
on its perpendicular bisector, at a distance ‘d’
r from the wire, i.e   
 sec  r  d sec 
d
0 2i L
 0 i d (sec  ).d  sin(90   )
2 0 B sin  with sin  
4 d L2  4d 2
4 
B
d 2 sec 2 
iv) If wire is of infinite length and the point P lies at
'   (90   )  a distance ‘d’ from the wire which is at a large
distance from its ends as shown in figure,
 0 i  d (sec 2  ) d  cos      /2
4 
B
d 2 sec 2 


i
B 0
4 d  cos  d 


(   is taken because the angle is measured 0 i  2i 0i

B (2)  0 
anti clockwise ) 4 d 4 d 2 d
0i v) At a point away from the conductor and near
B (sin   sin  ) the edge of conductor
4 d
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The magnetic field due to a long

0 i straight current carrying conductor :
  900 ,   00 ; B 
4 d i)
For a Solid current carrying conductor :
Consider a long wire of radius R carrying
vi)a) Magnetic induction at the centre of current current i.
carrying wire bent in the form of square of side (a) At a Point in side the wire (r<R):
‘a’ is Taking a circular ampere loop centered to the
wire of radius r<R. To find B inside the
conductor, using ampere’s circuital law (ACL),
Bnet  4 Bside we have
JG JJG
v B.dl  0i ,
’

0 i Here i ’  J . r 2
Bnet  4  (sin 450  sin 450 )
4 a / 2

 i 
B 8 2 0  
 4 a 
b) Magnetic induction at the centroid of current
carrying wire bent in the form of equilateral i
triangle of side ‘a’ is Where J 
 R2
 v Bdl cos 0   0 J  r 2
Bnet  3B eachside or B v dl   0 J  r 2 (or) B 2 r  0 J  r 2
0 J  i 
 i (or) B  r   0 2  r for r  R ; B  r
Bnet  3 0  (sin 600  sin 600 ) 2  2 R 
4 r
(b) At a point outside the wire (r>R):
 a 
 where r  v B.dl cos 0  0i ’,
0

 2 3
Where i ’ = i because due to the ampere’s law
i encloses total current or
B  18 0 
4 a
B v dl   0 i (or) B 2 r   0 i
c) Magnetic induction at the centre of current
carrying wire bent in the form of hexagon of  0i 1
side ‘a’ is given by B ; r  R ; B
2 r r
Note: B varies linearly inside the conductor and
hyperbolically outside the conductor.

Bnet  6 B eachside

0i
Here     300 ; B4 3
4 a Magnetic induction is maximum at the periphery
of the wire

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JG
ii) The variation of B as the function of radial
distance r due to a hollow cylinder carrying a
current i0 .

5 4 40
B  10 7  2
 2  T
6  10 5 3
Illustration-3: If a straight conductor of length
Taking a circular Amperian loop of radius r(>a) 40cm bent in the form of a square and the
and applying ACL, current 2A is allowed to pass through
JG JJG
 B.dl  0i; B 2 r  0i, square, then find the magnetic induction
at the centre of the square loop.
i0
Where i  . (r 2  a 2 ) Sol: Bnet  4 Bside
 (b  a )
2 2

i0 (r 2  a 2 )

b2  a 2
0i0 (r 2  a 2 )
then B 
2 (b 2  a 2 )r
ar b
a) B=0 for r  a (as because ienclosed  0 ) 0 I
Bnet  4  (sin 450  sin 450 )
0i0 4 L / 2
b) for r  b ; B
2 r 0 I  8 2I
iii) For a thin hollow cylinder  4X  ( 2)  0
4 L / 2 4 L
a) Binside  0
 4 2 T
 0i
b) Bsurface 
2 R
r  R  Illustration-4: If a thin uniform wire of length
1m is bent into an equilateral triangle and
 0i
c) Boutside 
2 r
r  R  carries a current of 3A in anticlockwise
direction, find the net magnetic induction
at the centroid.
Sol:
0 I
B; net  3
Bnet  3Beachside  (sin 600  sin 600 )
4 r

Illustration-2:Find the magnetic induction

due to a straight conductor of length 16cm
carrying current of 5A at a distance of 6cm
from the midpoint of conductor.
0 I 8 4  a  0 I
Sol: B  (sin   sin  ) but sin    ' r    3 (2 sin 60 0 )
4 r 10 5  2 3 4 r

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I
 0 I (2 3) 0 I Sol: Bnet  0 (sin 30  sin 30 )k
0 0
3
 3 2  18 4
4 a 2 4 a
3 1 1 1 1 
B  18  10  7
 54 3  10 T7
 d 2d 3d 4d .....   
  
1/ 3
Illustration -5: A large straight current  3a 
 Where d  a cos 30  
carrying conductor is bent in the form of
JG  2 
L shape. Find B at P.
0 I   1 1 1 
 Bnet  k 1     ..... 
2 3 a  2 3 4 
0 I  I ln4 
 ln 2k  0 k
2 3 a 4 3a
Illustration-7: Find the magnetic field at P due
Sol: Let us divide the conductor into two semi infinite to the arrangement shown
segments 1 and 2. Then, induction at P is

JG JG JG 0 I   
B  B1  B 2 ..i
Sol: Bnet  2   sin  sin 
JG i 4 r  2 4
B1  0 (sin(900  1 )  sin 900 )k ..ii
4 a d
JG 0i 0  here r  ;
B2  (sin(90  2 )  sin 90 )k ..iii
0
2
4 a
JG  i I  1 
then B 
0
(cos 1  cos  2  2)k , where Bnet  0 1  
4 a 2 d  2
1 Illustration -8: A pair of stationary and
cos 1  cos  2 
2 infinitely long bent wires are placed in the
JG 
 ik x-y plane as shown in figure. The wires
Hence, B  (2  2) 0 carry current of 10 ampere each as shown.
4 a
The segment L and M are along the x-axis.
Illustration -6: Infinite number of straight
wires each carrying current I are equally The segment P and Q are parallel to the Y-
placed as shown in the figure. Adjacent axis such that OS=OR=0.02m. Find the
wires have current in opposite direction. magnitude and direction of the magnetic
Find net magnetic field at point P ? induction at the origin O.

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Sol: Since point O is along the length of segment L L

and M the field at O due to these two segments where r 
2 3
will be zero
 Magnetic field at O is due to QS and RP. 0 2 I
 B2   (directed inside)
0 I 10 4 3r
 BSQ    10 7  :
4 OS 0.02  Resultant magnetic induction at
JJG JJG G
0 I 10 O  B1  B2  0
BRP    10 7  :
4 OR 0.02 Illustration -10: A non planar loop of
conducting wire carrying a current I is
10 placed as shown in the figure, each of the
 B0  BSQ  BRP  107   2  104 T : straight sections of the loop is of length
0.02
Illustration-9: An equilateral triangle of side 2a. Find the direction of magnetic field
due to this loop at the point P (a,0,a)
length l is formed from a piece of wire of
uniform resistance. The current I is as
shown in figure. Find the magnitude of the
magnetic field at its centre O.

Sol: The magnetic field at P (a,0,a) due to the loop

is equal to the vector sum of the magnetic fields
produced by loops ABCDA and AFEBA as
shown in the figure.
Sol: The magnetic field induction at O due to current
through PR is
0 2 I / 3
B1  sin 600  sin 600  ;
4 r
L
where r 
2 3 Magnetic field due to ABCDA will be along i
0 2 I and due to loop AFEBA, along k . Magnitude
 : (directed outside)
4 3r of magnetic field due to both the loops will be
equal.
There fore, direction of resultant magnetic field
1  
at P will be (i  k ) .
2
Magnetic field at the centre of a
The magnetic field induction at O due to current circular coil carrying current :
through PQR is Consider a circular coil of radius R carrying a
0 (I/ 3) current i in clockwise direction. Consider any
B2  2  sin 600  sin 600  ;
4 r small element dl of the wire. The magnetic field

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at the centre O due to the current element idl is Field at an axial point of a circular
loop:

JJG JG
JJG  idl  R
dB  0 
4 R 3

JG Consider a circular poop of radius R, carrying

Where R is the vector joining the element to current in yz plane with centre at origin O. Let
the centre O. The direction of this field is P be a point on the axis of the loop at a distance
perpendicular to the plane of the diagram and ‘x’ from the centre ‘O’ of the loop.
is going into it. Consider a conducting element dl of loop.
The magnitude of the magnetic field is According to Biot-Savart’s law, the magnitude
of magnetic field due to the current element is
0 idl JJG G
dB 
4 R 2  idl r
dB  0 where r  x 2  R 2
As the fields due to all such elements have the 4 r 3
same direction, the net field is also in this Here the element dl is in yz plane where as the
direction. It can, therefore, be obtained by position vector r from dl to the point p is in
integrating above equation under proper limits. JJG G
 0i xy plane. So idl  r  idl  r
Thus, B   dB   dl
4 R 2 JJG  idl  r  idl
dB  0  0 2
If the coil has N turns  dl  2 RN 4 r 3 4 r
JJG
The direction of dB is perpendicular to the
0i i  iN
2 
 B dl  0 2  2 RN  0  plane formed by r and dl .
4 R 4 R 2R In case of a point P on the axis of circular coil,
a) If the current is in clock wise direction, then the for every current element ‘idl’ there is a
magnetic field produced is normally inwards and symmetrically situated opposite element. The
the face of the coil behaves as south pole. component of the field dB perpendicular to the
axis cancel each other, while components of
the field dB along the axis add up and contribute
to the net magnetic field.
0 idl
i.e., B   dB sin  
4  r 2
sin 
b) If the current is in anti clock wise direction, then
the magnetic field produced is normally Here r is same for all elements and also
outwards and the face of the coil behaves as sin   ( R / r ) so,
north pole.
0 idl  idl R
B 
4 r 2
sin   0  2
4 r r
0 iR
4 r 3 
 dl

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a) Magnetic moment of the circular current

for a loop  dl  2 R and as
carrying coil is M = NiA;
r 3  ( x 2  R 2 )3/2 ; b) M is independent of shape of the coil
 Current loop behaves like a magnetic dipole
0 2 iR 2 0iR 2 with poles on either side of its face and it is
B 
4 ( x 2  R 2 )3/ 2 2( x 2  R 2 )3/ 2 known as “magnetic shell”.
The direction of magnetic field B is along the SI unit of magnetic moment (M) is A  m 2 and
axis of the loop.
i) The magnetic field B varies non linearly with dimensional formula is [IL2].
distance x from centre as shown in figure. c) Magnetic moment of a current loop is a vector
perpendicular to the plane of the loop and the
direction is given by right hand thumb rule.
Magnetic dipole moment of a
revolving electron :
Consider an electron revolving in a circular path
of radius r around a nucleus with uniform speed
v.
For a coil having N turns,  dl  2 RN The current in the orbit is
e e ev
0 NiR 2 i  
so, B  . T 2 r / v 2 r
2( x 2  R 2 )3/ 2
Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron
It is maximum when x  0 , i.e., at the centre
2
ev evr
of the coil whose value is given by is   iA   r2 
2 r 2
0 2 NI 0 Ni
B  Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron
4 R 2R in the first orbit of hydrogen atom is called Bohr
magneton (  ) .
From Bohr’s second postulate, for an electron
revolving in first orbit of hydrogen atom

0 2 NIR 2 0 2 NIA h
ii) if x  R ; B   me vr  (n  1)
4 x3 4 x 3 2
Where A   R 2 , area of the coil. where h = Planck’s constant, me  mass of
evr e h eh
Circular current loop as magnetic electron    
2 2 2 m e 4 me
dipole:
e
0 2 NIA (  ) min  h
From the above expression B  4 me
4 x 3
1.60  10 19  6.63  10 34
o 2M 
Comparing with B  (which is the 4  3.14  9.11  10 31
4 x3
 9.27  10 24 Am 2
magnetic field at an axial point of a short bar
magnet) This value is called the “Bohr magneton”

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Ø Special cases : i i

i) For an arc shaped conductor carrying 0   0  
2 2
current subtending an angle  at the B2    : ; B3     ;
4R 4R
centre. 0i
B4  :
4 r
JG JG JG JG JG 0i
 0i  B net  B1  B 2  B3  B 4 ; Bnet  2 r :
B 
2 R 2 iv) The upper and lower halves of the ring have
resistances R1 and R2 . Two straight wires are
connected to it as shown. The magnetic
 Magnetic induction at the centre induction at the centre of the ring is
 i i
B 0  B  B  0 B2  0 2 
4 R 1 3
4r
a) For a quadrant circular wire carrying current,
  900 .
i
B4  0 4 :
 0i 4r
Magnetic induction at the centre B  
8R
b) For semi circular wire carrying Since R1 and R2 are parallel to each other
current,  1800 i
i2 R1  i4 R2 ; i2   R2 ;
R1  R2
i
i4   R1
R1  R2
 0i JG JG JG JG JG
Magnetic induction at the centre B   JG 0
4R B net  B1  B 2  B3  B 4 ; B net  (i2  i4 )
4r
ii)To a circular wire, two straight wires are
attached as shown. When current is passed v) If B0 is magnetic induction at the centre of a
through it, then the magnetic field at the centre circular current carrying coil of radius R having
is zero. N turns and BA is magnetic induction at a point
on the axis of it at a distance x from centre
i
0   B0
2 then BA 
B1     ;  x2 
3/ 2
4r 1  2 
 R 
i
0  
B3  B4  0 B   2  : 0 Ni 0 NiR 2
Proof : B0  B
and A 
2
4r 2R 2( R 2  x 2 )3/ 2
 Bnet  Zero
iii) To a circular wire, two straight wires are 0 Ni B0
attached as shown. When current is passed  BA  3/2
 BA  3/ 2
through it, the magnetic field at the centre.  x 
2
 x2 
2 R 1  2  1  2 
 R   R 
0i If x  R , by using Binomial expansion
B1  :
4 r
 3x2 
BA  B0 1 2 
 2R 

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vi) If a particle of charge q moves in a circular c) If r1 and r2 are radii of turns of the coil in the
path of radius r with a velocity v, then the
above case, then ratio of magnetic induction is
magnetic induction at the centre of circular loop
2
i  qv  qv B1  r2 
B 0  0  0 2  
2 r 2 r 2 r 4 r B2  r1 
0 d) If two circular coils of radii r1 and r2 , having
If f is the frequency of rotation B   qf
2r
If  is the angular velocity, then n1 and n2 turns respectively, are connected in
series, then the ratio of magnetic induction at
 q  0 q
B 0 
2 r 2 4 r B1  n1   r2 
their centres is    
vii) A charge ‘q’ is moving with a velocity of ‘v’. B2  n2   r1 
Then the expression of magnetic induction due
e) If the two coils are made up of same wire and
to this charge at a position vector r from the connected in parallel, then the ratio of the
charge is, according to Biot - Savart’s Law for magnetic induction at their centres is
JJG G
JG  i dl  r 2
a current element is d B  0
. If a B1  r2 
4 r 3   .
charged particle of charge q and undergoes a B2  r1 
q ix) A straight current carrying conductor is held
JJG
displacement dl during a time dt put i  vertically in earth’s magnetic field. It carries a
dt current in the upward direction, then the
JJG
JJG G qdl G direction of magnetic field (B) due to it
(or) idl  r  r a) due north of the conductor is towards west and
dt
so net magnetic field is Bnet  B 2  BH2 .
b) due west of the conductor is towards south and
so net magnetic field is Bnet  B ~ BH
c) due south of the conductor is towards east and
so net magnetic fieid Bnet  B 2  BH2 .
JJG
dl G JJG G
Putting  v ; idl  r  q (v  r )
dt
G G
JG  q (v  r )
Using the above equations, d B  0 .
4 r 3
viii) a)When a wire of length ‘l’ carrying current ‘i’ is
bent in a circular loop of ‘n’ turns then the
magnetic induction at the centre of the loop is Illustration -11 : A 2A current is flowing
through a circular coil of radius 10cm
0 ni 0 n 2i containing 100 turns. Find the magnetic
B  (' n  2 r  l )
2r l flux density at the centre of the coil.
b) The same wire of length ‘l’ carrying current ‘i’
0i 2  107  2
is first bent into a circular coil with n1 turns and Sol: B  N  100 
2r 10  102
then into another circular coil with n2 turns. If = 1.26  10 3Wb / m 2
B1 , B2 are magnetic inductions at their centres Illustration-12: A cell is connected between the
in the two cases, then points A and C of a circular conductor
2
B1  n1  ABCD of centre O with angle
 
B2  n2  AOC  60o If B1 and B2 are the magni-

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tudes of the magnetic fields at O due to 0 I

the currents in ABC and ADC respec- plane is Bxz  along Y-axis.
2R
tively, the ratio JG I 0 I
B1 2R

 B net  0 i  j  k  B net  3
2R
B2 is Illustration-14: Two wires are wrapped over a
wooden cylinder to form two co-axial loops
carrying currents i1 and i2 . If i2  8i1 then
find the value of x for B=0 at the origin 0.

0  i  i1 l2  2 
Sol: B  B  i  but    Sol :Magnetic induction at ‘0’ due to 1st loop
4 r  i2 l1 1 
JG 0i1 R 2
B1  to left Magnetic induction
B  i B   2( R 2  R 2 )3/2
 1  1 . 1 so 1  1  2 1
B2  2 i2 B2 2 1 at ‘0’ due to 2nd loop.
Illustration -13: Three rings, each having JG 0i2 R 2 JG JG
B2  2 3/2 to right B1  B 2  0
equal radius R, are placed mutually 2( R  R )
2

perpendicular to each other and each i1 i2

having its centre at the origin of   and
coordinate system. If current I is flowing
2 3/2
(2 R ) ( R  x 2 )3/2
2

through each ring then find the i2  8i1  x  7 R

magnitude of the magnetic filed at the Illustration -15: Two wires wrapped over a
common centre. conical frame form the loops I and 2. If
Sol: B due to the ring lying in XY-plane is
they produce no net magnetic field at the
0 I
Bxy  along Z-axis. i1
2R apex P, Find the value of i .
2

0 I
B due to the ring lying in YZ-plane is Byz 
2R
along X-axis and B due to the ring lying in XZ- Sol : Magnetic induction due to a loop at apex,

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surface. If the disc is rotated with a

0ir 2
B frequency ‘f’ about its axis, then the
2(r 2  x 2 )3/2 magnetic induction at the centre of the disc
But r  x  l  (r  x )  l
2 2 2 2 2 3/2 3 is given by
where‘ l ’is slant length 0 di q
Sol: dB  , dq  (2 x)dx
3
2 x  R 2

 ir r  q 
B  0   . But  sin  where  is di  (dq ) f   2 x dx  f
2r  l  l R
2

half of the apex angle, same for both the loops  2qxdx  f  B  0 2q.dx ( f )
R

JG JG i r
dB  0
2 xR 2 0 2 R 2
(given)  B1  B2  1  1
B1  B 2  0 i2 r2  qf  qf
B  0 2 ( R)  B  0
Illustration-16: A thin insulated wire forms a R R
spiral of N=100 turns carrying a current Illustration-18:A charge of 1C is placed at one
of i=8mA. The inner and outer radii are end of a non conducting rod of length
equal to a=5cm and b=10cm. Find the 0.6m. The rod is rotated in a vertical plane
magnetic field at the centre of the coil. about a horizontal axis passing through
the other end of the rod with angular
frequency 10 4  rad/s. Find the magnetic
field at a point on the axis of rotation at a
distance of 0.8m from the centre of the
circular path.
0ir 2 q
Sol: B  ,i ;
2(r  x )
2 2 3/2
2

Sol: Let n = number of turns per unit length along 0 q r 2

B
the radial of spiral. Consider a ring of radius x 4 (r 2  x 2 )3/2
whose thickness is dx.
N Illustration-19: Two circular coils made of
No.of turns in the ring = ndx. n  same material having radii 20 cm & 30 cm
(b  a ) have turns 100 & 50 respectively. If they
Magnetic field at the centre due to the ring is are connected a) in series b) in parallel
 (ndx)i separately across a source of emf. Find the
dB  0 ; so net field ratio of magnetic inductions at the centre
2x
of circles in each case
b
0 nidx 0 ni b dx  ni
B   dB     Sol: a) B  0 ; coils are in series  i is same
a
2x 2 a x 2r
0 ni b 0 Ni b n B1 100 30
B  in both B  ;    3 :1
or B  ln or ln r B 50 20
2 a 2(b  a) a 2
b) coils are parallel  potential difference is
4 107 100  8 103 10
 ln ; B  6.9  10 6 T 1  (n 2 r )
2(10  5) 102 5 same i Where R  ; Where A
R A
Illustration-17: A plastic disc of radius ‘R’ has is area of cross section of wire which is same
a charge ‘q’ uniformly distributed over its for both

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1  ni n 1 1 1 
 R nr ; i but B0  0  B   B 2  (  3i  k )  (2 j ) 
nr 2r r nr r 2 
2
B1  30  9
      3k  i  (i  3 k ) A  m2 .
B2  20  4
Illustration-22: If two charged particles each
Illustration-20: Two circular coils are made of charge q mass m are connected to the
ends of a rigid massless rod and is rotated
from a uniform wire. The ratio of radii of about an axis passing through the centre
circular coils are 2:3 and ratio of number and  to length. Then find the ratio of
of turns is 3:4. If they are connected in magnetic moment to the angular
parallel across a battery. momentum.
(a) Find ratio of magnetic inductions at Sol:
2
their centres q l q  l 2 q l 2
(b) Find the ratio magnetic moments of 2 M  niA  2     2  
T 2 2 4 4
coils.
Sol: When connected in parallel  l 2  ml 2 M
2 L  2(mr 2 )  2  m    ;  q.
1 B r   4  2 L 2m
2
a ) B 2 ; 1   2  =   
3 9
r B2  r1   2  4 Illustration -23: Find the magnetic dipole
moment of the spiral of total number of
V V turns N, carrying current i having inner
b) M  ni Acoil but i   Awire and outer radii a and b respectively.
R l
V V
M  ( rcoil
2
); M  rcoil
 (2 rcoil ) X2
M 1 r1 2 Sol: Let us take a thin coil of thickness dr. Then the
 
M 2 r2 3 . N
number of turns of the coil is dN  .dr
Illustration-21: Figure shows, a square current ba
carrying loop ABCD of side 2m and current
1 JJG
i A . The magnetic moment M of the
2 the dipole moment of the coil is
loop is  Ndr 
M   (dN )(i )( A)     (i )( r )
2

ba
 Ni b 2
b  a a
 r dr

 iN 2
M (a  ab  b 2 ) .
3
Illustration -24:Consider a non conducting
0
 
Sol: DA  2cos30 i  2sin30 k  ( 3i  k )
0 plate of radius a and mass m which has a
charge q distributed uniformly over it. The
JJJG JJG JJJG JJJG plate is rotated about its own axis with an
AB  2 j  M  i ( DA  AB ) angular speed  . Show that the magnetic
moment M and the angular momentum L
M q
of the plate are related as  .
L 2m
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Sol: If  is the surface charge density, then total

x) T.G is used to measure the current of the order
charge q   a 2
of 10 6 A.
The magnetic moment of the elementary ring
dM=(idA) where i is current in the elementary Illustration-25:A magnetic needle is arranged
ring i   r dr and A   r 2 . at the centre of a current carrying coil
 dM   r dr  r 2 having 50 turns with radius of coil 20cm
arranged along magnetic meridian. When
a
a 4 a current of 0.5mA is allowed to pass
M=  r dr 
3

0
4 through the coil the deflection is observed
to be 300. Find the horizontal component
 a 2 q a 2
=( a  )
2
 of earth’s magnetic field
4 4
The angular momentum of the disc about its 0 ni
Sol: B  BH tan   BH
2 q  a2
2r tan 
ma M q
axis L   . The ratio L   m4 a  2 m
2
4  10 7  50  5  10 4  3
2 BH 
2  2 10 1 1
2
Ø TANGENT GALVANOMETER :
i) Tangent galvanometer works on the principle  25 3 109 T  135.9 109 T  1.36 107 T
of Tangent law i.e., B  BH Tan .
Here B = Magnetic induction at the centre of SOLENOID:
 ni A solenoid is a wire wound in the form of a
the current carrying coil  0
2r closely spaced spiral over a hollow cylindrical
ii) It is a moving magnet type galvanometer. non-conducting core. The wire is coated with
iii) During experiment, plane of the coil should be an insulating material, so that the adjacent turns
along the magnetic meridian [to fulfill the even though physically touch each other, but
requirement of tangent law] they are electrically insulated.
iii) current measured by Tangent galvanometer is dN  ndx
 2rBH 
i  Tan  KTan ; r = radius of
 0 n 
coil, K = reduction factor; n = number of
turns of coil
iv) SI unit of reduction factor is ampere
v) Reading is more accurate, when   450 , since
di 1
relative error  and it is minimum
i sin 2
for 450 .
vi) Sensitivity is maximum, when   00 since
d
 cos 2  , which is maximum for   00 .
di
vii) Reduction factor K depends on horizontal
component of earth’s magnetic field.
viii) T.G gives different readings at different places
for same current.
ix) T.G cannot be used at magnetic poles, since
If n is the number of turns per unit length, each
BH  0 at magnetic poles. carrying a current i, uniformly wound round a

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cylinder of radius a, then the number of turns in on the mean circumferential line is given by
length dx is ndx. Thus the magnetic field at the B  0 ni
axial point P due to the element
If N is the total turns in the toroid, then
 0 ndx ia 2 N
dB  n ,
 
3/2
2 a2  x2 2 R
The direction of magnetic field is along the axis
of the solenoid and the sense of advance of a
right handed screw. From geometry, we have
 
x  a cot 180o     a cot 
and dx  a cosec2 d and hence
 ni sin  d
dB  0
2

0 ni 2
Total field B  2  sin  d
1
0ni
  cos 12
2  N  0 Ni
0 ni  B  0   i or B 
B cos 1  cos  2  ..... 1  2 R  2 R
2 when r is the mean radius of the ring.
Special cases:
Case 1: Solenoid is of infinite length and the point Illustration-26: A solenoid of length 8cm has
chosen is at the middle 1  0,  2   100 turns in it. If radius of coil is 3cm and
 B  0 ni if it is carrying a current of 2A, find the
magnetic induction at a point 4cm from
the either end on the axis of the solenoid.
0ni
Sol: B  (cos1  cos2 )
2
 100 
4  1 0 7 
  2
Case 2: Solenoid is of infinite length and the point is   8  10 
2
4
 2   8 0 0  T
2 5
at the end of the solenoid 1   / 2,  2  
Illustration-27:A solenoid 60cm long and of
 ni
B 0 radius 4.0cm has 3 layers of windings of
2 300 turns each. A 2.0cm long wire of mass
2.5g lies inside the solenoid (near its
centre) normal to its axis, both the wire
and the axis of the solenoid are in the
horizontal plane. The wire is connected
through two leads parallel to the axis of
TOROID OR ANCHOR RING: the solenoid to an external battery which
supplies a current of 6.0A in the wire. For
It is a solenoid of small radius bent round to what value of current (with appropriate
form a closed loop. In an ideal toroid, the field
sense of circulation) in the windings of the
is confined entirely within the core and is
uniform. The value of magnetic field at any point solenoid can support the weight of the wire
? g=9.8 ms 2 .

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Sol: mg  Biwirel a) If   00 or 1800 , then the force acting on the

but B  0nisolenoid cos ; since cos 1 particle is zero and the particle keeps moving
in the same path. i.e, undeviated.
 mg  0nisolenoid  iwire  l b) If the charged particle enters normal to the
mg magnetic field, the force acting on it is maximum.
isolenoid   108 A . ie Fmax  Bqv
0 niwirel
JG G
c) This force acts right angles to B and v . It
Illustration-28: A toroid of non ferromagnetic
has core of inner radius 25cm and outer acts as centripetal force and the path of particle
radius 26cm. It has 3500 turns & carries a will be circular.
current of 11A, then find the magnetic field
at a point
i) In the internal cavity of toroid
ii) At the midpoint of the windings
iii) At a point which is at a distance of 30cm from
the centre of toroid
Sol: i) B = 0.
 0 ni 3500  11 Then the radius of the circular path is given by
ii) B  2  10 7  2
2 r 51  10 2 mv P
r r mv 2
 30.196  10 T 3 (from Bqv  )
Bq Bq r
iii) B = 0. Based on magnetism for solenoid and Where p = momentum.
toroid.
2mK
Illustration-29: A solenoid of 2m long & 3cm d) r , where K is kinetic energy of the
diameter has 5 layers of winding of 500 qB
turns per metre length in each layer & particle.
carries a current of 5A. Find intensity of e) If charged particle is accelerated through a
magnetic field at the centre of the solenoid. potential difference of V volts, before it enters
Sol: For long solenoid at the centre B  0 ni into the magnetic field normally, then

B 2mqV
H   ni  (5  500)5 r .
0 qB
ii) Speed, kinetic energy remains constant, but
A velocity, acceleration, momentum and force are
 1.25 10 .
4

m variable since their directions are continuously

Force acting on a charged particle changing.
moving in a uniform magnetic field : iii) The time period of rotation is
G
i) If charge +q is moving with velocity v , making 2 r mv T  2 m
T but r 
an angle  with the direction of field, force v Bq qB
JG G JG
acting on the charge is, F  q (v  B ) . Bq
Magnitude of force is F=Bqv Sin , direction Angular frequency of rotation is  
JG m
of F is perpendicular to plane containing both  T and  are independent of v and r of a
G JG
v and B . charged particle.

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JG
iv) When the particle enters the magnetic field at
angle 
JG
with B , (such that  
B  2i  y j  zk T with a velocity
JG
  00 ,  900 ,  1800 ), then the path V  4i  2 j  6k  ms 1
, then it passes
followed by the particle will be helical. undeviated. If it is now projected with a
a) Radius of circular path of the helix is given by JG
mv sin  velocity V  i  j , then find the force
r .
qB experienced by it
Sol: Case I: Charged particle moves in a magnetic
JG
field undeviated when V is parallel or anti
JG
parallel to B

2 m Vx Vy Vz 4 2 6
Time period of rotation is T     k;  
b)
qB Bx By Bz 2 y z ;
c) Distance travelled by the particle along magnetic
field in one complete rotation or pitch of helix y 1andz 3
JG
is given by P  (v cos  )T ; P 
2 mv cos 
qB

 B  2i  j  3k 
JG JG JG JG
v) Work done by the magnetic field on the charged
particle is zero.  
Case II: F  q V  B where V  i  j
Illustration -30: A magnetic field of i j k
4.010 k T
JG
3 6
F  10 1 1 0
exerts a force
2 1 3
 
4.0i  3.0j 1010 N on a particle having a JG
F  106 i 3  j 3  k 1
charge 10 9 C and moving in the x-y plane.  
JG
Find the velocity of the particle.
JJG  
F  106 3iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ N  19 N

Sol:Magnetic force Fm  4.0i  3.0 j 10 N
10
 Deviation of charged particle in
Let velocity of the particle in x-y plane be
G
uniform magnetic field :
v  v x i  v y j . Case 1: Suppose a charged particle enters
JJG G JG perpendicular to the uniform magnetic field. If
Then from the relation Fm  q v  B   the magnetic field extends to a distance ‘x’
which is less than or equal to radius of the path.
4.0i  3.0 j 10 10
 109 vx i  vy j 4103 k 

comparing the coefficient of i and j we have,

4 1010  4v y 1012
 v y  102 m / s  100m / s and
3.0  10 10  4vx  10 12
G
 vx  75m / s  v  75i  100 j
Illustration-31: If a particle of charge 1 C is
mv
projected into a magnetic field In this case, r  . Angle of deviation ‘ R ’
Bq

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can be determined by using the formula Here l  0.1m, B  0.1 tesla, V  10 4 volt
x xqB  xqB  q  2e  2  1.6 X 10 19  3.2  10 19 C
sin R     sin 1  
r mv  mv  and m  6.4  10 27 kg
The above relation can be used only when x b r .
 3.2  10 19  1
 sin   0.1 0.1  27 4 
 or
 2  6.4  10  10  2
  300 .
Case 2: For x > r,
Cyclotron:
mv a) The cyclotron is a machine to accelerate charged
In this case, r  , particles or ions to high energies using both
Bq
In this case, deviation R = 1800. electric and magnetic fields in combination.
Note: If particle moves for a time ‘t’ in the b) Cyclotron uses the fact that the frequency of
revolution of the charged particle in a magnetic
Bq field is independent of its energy.
field, then in such a case, R  X t . R  t
m c) Centripetal force is provided by the magnetic
Illustration -32: An  - particle is mv2
force  Bqv
accelerated by a potential difference of r
10 4 V. Find the change in its direction of mv
motion, if it enters normally in a region of d) Radius of circular path is r 
thickness 0.1 m having transverse magnetic Bq
induction of 0.1 tesla. ( Given : 2 r
e) Time period of charged particle is T 
mass of  -particle 6.4  10 kg).
 27
v
Sol :The situation is shown in Fig. When a charged 2 m 1 Bq
particle with charge q is accelerated through a T ;f   
potential difference V volt, then Bq T 2 m
cyclotron frequency.
1 2  2qV  f) K.E of charged particles is
mv  qV .....(i) (or) v    ....(i)
2  m  1  Bqr  B2q2r 2
2

K.E=1/2 mv  m 
2
 
2  m  2m
Force on a current carrying conductor
kept in uniform magnetic field :
i) A conductor carrying current i is placed in a
uniform magnetic field of induction B at an angle
 with the field direction. The force acting on
it is given by F  i (l  B ) ;
 - particle in magnetic field moves in a circle of
radius R which is given by F  BilSin
mv 1  2mV  ii) If B and l are parallel or anti-parallel F = 0
R or R    ....(ii)
qB B  q 
iii) If B and l are perpendicular, then FMax  Bil .
The change in direction of  -particle ( ) from
iv) Direction of force can be found using Fleming’s
l  q  left hand rule.
figure is given by Sin   lB  
R  2 mV 

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Fleming’s left hand rule : v) The net force experienced by a closed current
loop and current completes the loop in a uniform
Stretch the fore finger, central finger and thumb field is zero.
of left hand in mutually perpendicular directions,
such that if fore finger indicates direction of
magnetic field, Central finger indicates direction
of current, then thumb indicates direction of
force on conductor. vi) In case of a closed loop but current does not
iii) Special Cases : complete the loop the net force is not zero.
i). The force acting on a curved wire joining points
a and b as shown in the figure is the same as
that on a straight wire joining these points. It is
JG JG JG
given by F  iL  B where L  ab
JG JG
F ACD  F AD
JG JG JG JG
 F loop  F ACD  F AD  2 F AD
JG JG
 F loop  2 F AD

Illustration-33: Find the force experienced by

the wire carrying a current 2A if the ends
ii) The force experienced by a semi circular wire
of radius ‘r’ when it is carrying a current ‘i’ and P and Q of the wire have coordinates (1, 2,
is placed in a uniform external magnetic field of -3) m and (-2, -5, 1) m respectively when it
induction B as shown in the figure is given by
is
JG placed in a magnetic field
F=BI(2r).
 
B  i  j  k T
JG JJG JG
Sol. The force acting on the wire is F  ir21  B

iii) The force on the wire shown


F  Bileff  2 Bil sin (towards left).
2 JG JG JG
   
 i r2  r1 B2 3i  7 j  4k  i  j  k 

 2 11i  7 j  4k N 
Illustration-34: In Fig. a semicircular wire
loop is placed in uniform magnetic field
iv) The force on a closed loop of any shape carrying B=1.0 T. The plane of the loop is
current in a uniform magnetic field is always
perpendicular to the magnetic field.
Current i  2 A flows in the loop in the
zero. Since leff  0 direction shown. Find the magnitude of
the magnetic force in both the cases (a)
and (b). The radius of the loop is 1m.

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0i1i2l  1 1 
F 
2  a b 
Sol: (a) It forms a closed loop and the current
completes the loop. Therefore, net force on
the loop in uniform magnetic field should be v) A very long horizontal wire carries a current i1 ,
zero. From the figure, net force on the loop in is rigidly fixed. Another wire is placed directly
uniform field should be zero. In case (b) above and parallel to it carries a current i2 . r is
although it forms a closed loop, but current does the perpendicular distance of separation
not complete the loop. Hence, net force is not between the wires and currents are in opposite
zero. directions. For the second wire to remain
stationary, the condition is
JG JG
F ACD  F AD 0i1i2 A
F  mg   mg
2 r
JG JG JG JG
 F loop  F ACD  F AD  2 F AD
JG JG
 F loop  2 F AD m 0i1i2
 
 2ilB sin (l  2r  2.0m)=(2)(2)(2)(1)sin900  8N A 2 rg

Force between two parallel current vi) Three long parallel conductors carry currents
as shown
carrying long straight conductors :
a) Resultant force per unit length on the wire
i) Force per unit length on each wire is given by
F 0 i1i2 F 0  i1i2 i2i3 
‘C’ is  

l 2 r
. If i1  i2  1amp, r  1m, then L 2  a b 
force per unit length of the conductor is
2  10 7 N / m
ii) If currents in the two wires are in same
direction, then the force of attraction takes
place between them.
b) If the resultant force on the wire ‘C’ is zero,
iii) If currents in the two wires are in opposite
direction, then the force of repulsion takes i1i2 i2i3 i i
the condition is   1 3
place between them a b a b
Note:Here, the resultant force per unit length on the
iv) A straight and very long wire carries current i1
A and B wires can be also determined in the
and rectangular loop of wire carrying current similar way. The currents can be along different
i2 is placed nearby it. The force on the loop is directions.

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Null points due to two current 0i1i2

carrying parallel wires : b) F 
2 r
 A2

i) Two straight parallel conductors are carrying 23

 2 107   5 102  6  107 N
currents i1 , i2 i1  i2  in the same direction, 10  10 2

and are separated by a distance r, the null point

is formed in between them. The distance of the
Force between two streams of electric
null point from the conductor carrying smaller charges :
current is i) If two streams of electrons or protons are
moving with velocity ‘v’ in parallel and same
directions, there will be both electric repulsive
r force and magnetic attractive force. Since
x electric force predominates the magnetic force,
i2
1 there will be repulsion.
i1
ii) If they move parallel and opposite directions,
there will be electric repulsive force and
ii) Two straight parallel conductors are carrying magnetic repulsive force and hence there will
be repulsion again.
currents i1 , i2 (i1  i2 ) in opposite directions,
and are separated by a distance r, then the null
Torque acting on a current loop kept
point is formed out side the conductors, the
in uniform magnetic field:
distance of the null point from the conductor i) When a coil carrying current is placed in uniform
carrying smaller current is given by magnetic field, the net force on it is zero but it
may experience a torque or couple.

r
x
i2
1
i1

ii) Torque acting on a current carrying coil placed

Illustration-35: A long straight conductor G JJG JG
carrying a current of 2A is in parallel to in uniform magnetic field is   M  B
another conductor of length 5cm and iii) Torque acting on the coil is   BiNA sin 
carrying a current 3A. They are separated = BiNA cos 
by a distance of 10cm. Calculate (a) B due Here
to first conductor at the location of second A = Area of coil carrying current i
conductor (b) the force on the short N = Number of turns of the coil
conductor. B = Magnetic induction of the field
Sol. Given i1  2 A; i2  3 A   Angle made by the plane of the coil with
JG
B
2
r  10cm  10  10 m; l2  5cm   Angle made by the normal to the plane of
JG
the coil with B
 i
a) B  0 1  2 107  2
 4 106 Tesla iv) If the plane of coil is parallel to the direction of
2 r 10 102
magnetic field    max  BiNA

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v) If the plane of coil is perpendicular to the

direction of magnetic field,   0       
 10  104  k   2 j  2  103 Nm i
vi) If current carrying coil is placed in a non-
Illustration-37: A metallic wire is folded to form
uniform magnetic field it experiences both, force
a square loop of side ‘a’. It carries a current
and torque.
‘i’ and is kept perpendicular to a uniform
vii) For a given area, torque is independent of shape
magnetic field. If the shape of the loop is
of the coil
changed from square to a circle without
viii) Torque is directly proportional to area of the
changing the length of the wire and
coil.
current, the amount of work done in doing
Special cases : so is
i) When a current carrying coil is placed in uniform Sol. W= find P.E - initial P.E
magnetic field, net force on it W  M f B  Mi B ; W  iB  Ai  A f 
F = 0. But net torque may act.
ii) When a current carrying coil is placed in non-  4
W  iBa 2 1  
uniform magnetic field, net force, net torque  
both act.
JJJG G JJJG G Illustration-38:A flat insulating disc of radius
U net v 0 and Fnet v 0 ‘a’ carries an excess charge on its surface
JJG JG
iii) If the angle made by M of the coil with B in is of surface charge density  C / m 2 .
uniform magnetic field is ‘ R ’, then its potential Consider the disc is rotated around the
energy axis passing through its centre and
JJG JG perpendicular to its plane with angular
P.E   M.B ; P.E  MBcosR JG
iv) If a current carrying coil is rotated in a uniform speed  rad/s. If magnetic field B is
JJG directed perpendicular to the rotation axis,
magnetic field such that the angle made by M
JG then find the torque acting on the disc.
with B is changed from R1 to R2 . Sol. Suppose the disc is placed in xy-plane and is
W  MB cos R1  cos R2
rotated about the z-axis. Consider an annular
ring of radius r and of thickness dr, the charge
v) If an external field is along the direction of M , on this ring.
then R  0n . dq   2 rdr 
G G
U0 and P.E = – MB (min) As the ring rotates with angular velocity  , so
This position corresponds to stable equilibrium.
JJG
vi) If external magnetic field is opposite to M then, dq  2 rdr 
i    rdr
the current dt 2
R  180n
G G 
U  0 and P.E. = + MB (max)
This corresponds to unstable equilibrium.
Illustration-36: A circular loop of area 1cm 2
carrying a current of 10A is placed in a
magnetic field of 2T j . The loop is in xy
plane with current in clock wise direction.
Find the torque on the loop. G JG JG
G JJG JG JG JG The torque on the current loop   i A  B
Sol.   M  B 
 ni A  B  Hence the torque on this annular ring

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
JG JG

d  i d A  B   rdr  r 2 B sin 900 
Moving coil Galvanometer :
i) Principle of moving coil galvanometer:
  r 3 Bdr and When a current carrying coil suspended in a
a
 Ba 4
uniform magnetic field, it experiences a torque
   B  r 3 dr 
0
4 and hence it rotates.
ii) Poles of magnet are concave in shape, to make
Illustration-39: A loop carrying current ‘i’ is
the magnetic field radial, so that at all
lying in the plane of the paper. It is present orientations, the plane of the coil is parallel to
in the field of a long straight wire with the field, and hence torque acting on it is
constant current i0 (inward) as shown in maximum. This makes the relation between
current and deflection as linear.
fig. Find the torque acting on the loop.
iii) Soft iron cylinder is kept at the center of
magnetic field, to increase the flux.
iv) Phosphor Bronze material has
a) high Young’s modulus, so that the wire will not
be stretched easily.
Sol. The field due to current carrying wire is tangential b) low rigidity modulus, so that the wire can be
to every point on the circular portion of the loop twisted easily.
and hence the forces acting on these segments c) small elastic after effect, so that it comes back
are zero. quickly to original position after withdrawing
current.
v) Small mirror is attached on the phosphor
Bronze wire, to measure the deflection, using
lamp and scale arrangement.
vi) If ’ ’ is the deflection for passage of current
Now consider two small elements of length dr  C 
‘i’, then C  BiAN  i   
at a distance r from the axis symmetrically as  BAN 
shown in fig.. The magnitude of the force  C 
where k    = Galvanometer constant
experienced by each element is  BNA 
or figure of merit. It is independent of BH .
 0 i0 
dF  B i dr   idr Where ‘C’ is couple per unit twist.
 2 r 
vii) a) Current sensitivity of a galvanometer is
On element 1 it is into the page and on 2 it out
defined as the deflection produced in the
of the page, d  dF  2r sin 
galvanometer per unit current flowing through
 ii  d BAN
  0 0 dr   2r sin  it. S I  
 2 r  di C
Now total torque b) Voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer is
defined as the deflection produced in the
0i0i sin  b 0i0i galvanometer per unit voltage applied to it.

 a dr   sin  b  a     BAN
SV    
V iG V CG

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Where G is resistance of galvanometer.   10 3  10 3  100  10 4  500  sin 30

Current or voltage sensitivity can be increased
by  250  10 8 Nm = 2.5  10 6 Nm
i) Increasing B ii) Increasing A Illustration-42: A galvanometer of resistance
iii) Increasing N iv) Decreasing C
viii) It is used to measure current upto a minimum 95 , shunted by a resistance of 5 ohm
of 109 Amp. gives a deflection of 50 divisions when
ix) Plane of coil need not be along the magnetic joined in series with a resistance of 20k
meridian and a 2 volt accumulator. What is the
x) Galvanometer constant is independent of BH. current sensitivity of the galvanometer (in
So it can be used to measure currents even at div/  A )
poles.
xi) External magnetic fields have no effect on
deflection. So, it can be used to measure current
even in the environment of stray magnetic fields.
Illustration-40: The area of the coil in a moving
Sol: In accordance with given problem, the situation
coil galvanometer is 16 cm2 and has 20 is depicted by the circuit diagram in fig. As here
turns. The magnetic induction is 0.2T and 20k  is much greater than the resistance of
the couple per unit twist of the suspended
shunted galvanometer  5  , the current in
wire is 10-6 Nm per degree. If the deflection
the circuit will be
is 45 0 calculate the current passing
2
through it I  104 A  100  A and as this
20  10 3
Sol. Given, A  16cm 2  16  104 m 2
current produces deflection of 50 divisions in
B  0.2T ; N  20, C  106 Nm / degree;  50div 1div
  450 the galvanometer CS   
I 100  A 2 A
From, C  BiAN nearly
C 106 45
i  4
 7.03103 A 7.03mA Ø Shunt :
BAN 0.21610 20 i) A low resistance connected in parallel to
Illustration-41: A coil area 100cm 2 having 500 galvanometer to protect it from large current is
known as shunt.
turns carries a current of 1mA. It is
ii) When shunt is connected, its range increases,
suspended in a uniform magnetic field of
but sensitivity decreases.
induction 103 Wb/m2. Its plane makes an
angle of 600 with the lines of induction.
Find the torque acting on the coil.
Sol.Given i  1mA  103  103 A; N  500; B  103Wb / m2
  600 ,  ? A  100cm 2  100 104 m2 GS
Couple acting on the coil is given by iii) Requivalent 
GS
  BiAN sin 
GS
Where  is angle made by normal to the plane iv) V  iReq  i
GS
of coil with B.   90  60  300 v) VPQ  i g G  is S

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Ammeter : Illustration-43: A galvanometer of resistance

i) Galvanometer can be converted into Ammeter 20 is shunted by a 2 resistor. What
by connecting low resistance parallel to it. part of the main current flows through the
galvanometer?
ig S
Sol.  . Given G  20; S  2
i GS
ig 2 1 1
   ; th part of current is
i 22 11 11
passing through galvanometer.
ii) To increase the range by ‘n’ times or to Illustration-44: A galvanometer has resistance
decrease the sensitivity by ‘n’ times, 500 ohm. It is shunted so that its sensitivity
shunt to be connected across Galvanometer is,
decreases by 100 times. Find the shunt
G
S resistance.
i 
  1 1
 ig  Sol. Sensitivity   n  100
range
G G 500 500
S  S     S  5.05
n 1 n 1 100 1 99
Here Illustration -45: The resistance of
i new range old division / amp galvanometer is 999 . A shunt of 1 is
n  
ig old range new division / amp
connected to it. If the main current is
GS 102 A, what is the current flowing through
iii) Equivalent resistance of ammeter =
GS the galvanometer.
iv) The relation between currents is
iS iG
Sol. G  999, S  1 i  102 A; ig  ?
a) i =ig +is b) ig= c)is= G  S
GS
 S  2  1  5
ig S ig S I G ig  i    10     10 A
d)  ;  ; s GS   999  1 
is G i GS I GS
Illustration -46 : A galvanometer has a
v) It is a device used to measure current in
resistance of 98 . If 2% of the main
electrical circuits.
current is to be passed through the
vi) Resistance of an ammeter is very small and it is
galvanometer, what should be the value of
zero for an ideal ammeter. Potential drop across
the shunt?
ideal ammeter is zero.
i
vii) Ammeter must always be connected in series Sol: G  98 ; g  100  2
to the circuit i
G i 100 98
viii) Among low range and high range ammeters, s ;   50  S   2
i  ig 2  1
50
low range ammeter has more resistance.   1
 ig 

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VOLTMETER
V
Sol. R  G n  1, where n 
Vg

V  5V ;Vg  ig G  0.5 103  20  102 V

 n  500 and R  20 500  1  9980

i) Galvanometer is converted into voltmeter by Illustration -48: A galvanometer has a
resistance of 100 . A current of 103 A
connecting high resistance in series to it.
pass through the galvanometer How can
ii) Voltmeter is always connected in parallel to the it be converted into (a) ammeter of range
conductor [P.D. across which is to be 10A and (b) voltmeter of range 10V
measured) in the circuit. Sol. G  100; ig  103 A
iii) P.D. across the ends of voltmeter is, i
a) i  10 A; n   104
V  i g (G  R ) ig
iv) Voltmeter is used to measure P.D across the G 100 100
S   
conductor in electric circuits. n  1 10  1 9999
4

v) Resistance of a voltmeter is very high and that

b) Vg  ig G  103 100  101V
of an ideal voltmeter is infinity. Current drawn
V 10
by an ideal voltmeter is zero. V  10V  n   1  100
Vg 10
vi) Among low range and high range voltmeters,
 R  G n  1  100 100  1  9900
high range voltmeter has more resistance.
vii) Equivalent resistance of voltmeter = G+R Illustration-49: What is the value of shunt,
which passes 10% of the main current
viii) Resistance to be connected in series to
through a galvanometer of resistance 99
galvanometer to convert into voltmeter of range
ohm?
V
R  G Sol. As shunt is a small resistance S in parallel with
0 V volt is ig
a galvanometer (of resistance G) as shown in
ix) To increase the range by n times,
fig.  I  I G  S  I G G
new range V2 ig G  R  R
n   1
old range V1 ig G  G
Hence resistance to be connected in series to
galvanometer is R = G n -1
Illustration-47: A maximum current of 0.5mA
can be passed through a galvanometer of
resistance 20 , Calculate the resistance ig S 10 S
 ; 
to be connected in series to convert it into i G  S 100 99  S
a voltmeter of range 0  5V . 99  S  10S S  11

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6. A current carrying power line carries

CLASS ROOM EXERCISE current from west to east .The direction of
magnetic field 1m above is
TEACHING QUESTIONS 1) north to south 2) south to north
3) east to west 4) west to east
AMPERE’S CIRCUITAL LAW MAGNETIC 7. Magnetic lines of force due to a straight
FIELD DUE TO STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR conductor carrying current are
1) Straight lines 2) Elliptical
BIOT-SAVART’S LAW AND ITS 3) Circular 4) Parabolic
APPLICATIONS 8. A current ‘i’ flows along an infinitely long
1. The work done in moving a unit n-pole straight conductor. If ‘r’ is the
round a conductor carrying current in a perpendicular distance of a point, very far
circle of radius 10cm is w. The work done from the ends of the conductor then the
in moving it in a circle of radius 20cm is.
magnetic induction B is given by
1) w 2) 2w 3) w/2 4) 4w
2. A current I flows along an infinitely long 0 2i 0 i
straight thin walled tube. The magnetic 1) B  2) B 
4 r 4 r
induction at a point inside the tube at a
distance r from its wall is 0  i 0 2 i
3) B  4) B 
o 2 I 2I 4 r 4 r
1) Infinite 2) Zero 3) . 4)
4 r r 9. A current ‘i’ flows along an infinitely long
3. A long straight thin conductor has a current straight conductor. If ‘r’ is the
of ’i’ ampere. The magnetic induction B perpendicular distance of a point from the
away from the conductor at a distance ‘r’ lower end of the conductor, then the
from its axis varies as shown in magnetic induction B is given by
0 2i 0 i
1) B  2) B 
4 r 4 r
1) 2) 0  i 0 2 i
3) B  4) B 
4 r 4 r
10. A long straight wire of circular cross-
section carries a current along its length.
On the axis inside the wire, it follows that
1) strength of electric and magnetic fields are
3) 4) zero
2) strength of electric field is zero but magnetic
4. A current carrying wire produces in the field is non-zero
neighborhood 3) strength of electric and magnetic fields is
1) Electric and magnetic fields non-zero
4) strength of electric field is non-zero but
2) Electric field only
magnetic field is zero
3) Magnetic field only 4) No field
11. Magnetic field at a point on the line of
5. A vertical straight conductor carries a
current carrying conductor is
current vertically upwards. A point P lies 1) maximum 2) infinity
to the east of it at a small distance and 3) zero 4) finite value
another point Q lies to the west at the same 12. If a long hollow copper wire carries a
distance. The magnetic field at P is current, then the magnetic field produced
1) Greater than at Q 2) Same as at Q will be
3) Less than at Q
4) Greater or less than at Q depending upon 1) Inside the pipe only
the magnetic field of the current. 2) Outside the pipe only

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3) Neither inside nor outside the pipe. 20. A length of wire carries a steady current.
4) Both inside and outside the pipe. It is first bent to form a circular coil of one
13. The magnetic field dB due to a small turn. The same length is now bent more
sharply to give a loop of two turns of
current element dl at a distance r and smaller radius. caused by the same current
carrying current ‘i’ is now will be
  dl  r    dl  r  1) a quarter of its first value
1) dB  4 i  r  2) dB  4 i  r 2 
0 0 2
2) same as that of the first value
   
3) four times the first value
  dl  r    dl  r  4) double of its first value
3) dB  4 i  r  4) dB  4 i  r 3 
0 2 0

    21. A charge ‘e’ moves round a circle of radius

14. For a given distance from a current ‘r’ with a uniform speed ‘v’. The magnitude
element, the magnetic induction is of the magnetic induction at the centre of
maximum at an angle measured with the circle is
respect to axis of the current carrying 1) µoev/4  r 2) µoev/4  r2
conductor. 3) µoev/4  r3 4) µoer/4  
1) 3  /4 2)  /4 3)  /2 4) 2  22. An electron of charge e moves in a circular
15. If we double the radius of a current
orbit of radius r round a nucleus the
carrying coil keeping the current
unchanged ,the magnetic field at its centre magnetic field due to orbit motion of the
1) becomes four times 2) doubled electron at the site of the nucleus is B. The
3) remains unchanged 4) halved angular velocity  of the electron is
16. A current carrying coil is placed with its 0eB 0eB
plane in the magnetic meridian of the earth. 1)   2)  
When seen from the east side a clockwise 4 r r
current is set up in the coil.The magnetic 4 rB 2 rB
field at its centre will be directed towards 3)    e 4)    e
1) north 2) south 3) west 4) east 0 0

17. A unit N-pole is placed on the axis of a 23. A particle of charge q and mass m moves
circular coil carrying current in anti- in a circular orbit of radius r with angular
clockwise direction. It experiences a force speed  .The ratio of the magnitude of its
1) towards the coil magnetic moment to that of its angular
2) perpendicular to the coil momentum depends on
3) inclined to axis 1)  : q 2)  q : m 3) q : 2m 4)  : m
4) parallel to the coil. 24. A loosely wound helix made of stiff wire is
18. If we double the radius of the coil keeping mounted vertically with the lower end just
the current through it unchanged,the touching a dish of mercury when a current
magnetic field on its axis at very far away from the battery is started in the coil
points through the mercury
1) becomes four times 2) is doubled
1) the wire oscillates
3) remains unchanged 4) halved
19. Two concentric circular loops of radii r1 and 2) the wire continues making contact
r2 carry clockwise and anticlockwise 3) the wire breaks contact just when the current
currents i1 and i2. If the centre is a null is passed
point, i1/i2 must be equal to 4) the mercury will expand by heating due to
1) r2/r1 2) r22/r12 3) r12/r22 4) r1/r2 passage of current

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25. Two very thin metallic wires placed along 28. A north pole of strength  A m, is moved
X and Y axes carry equal currents as shown around a circle of radius 10 cm which lies
around a long straight conductor carrying
AB and CD are lines at 450 with the axes
a current of 10 A. The work done is nearly
having origin at O the magnetic field will 1) 4  J 2) 40  J
be zero on the line 3) 400  J 4)0.4  J
29. A closed circuit is in the form of a regular
hexagon of side a . If the circuit carries a
current I , what is magnetic induction at
the centre of the hexagon?
3 0 I 3 0 I 3 0 I 3 0 I
1) 2) 3) 4)
4 a 2 a 3 a a
1
30. A current of 4
A is flowing in a long
straight conductor. The line integral of
magnetic induction around a closed path
enclosing the current carrying conductor is
1) 4  10 7 Wb/m 2) 10 7 Wb/m
1) AB 2) CD 3) 16 2  10 7 Wb/m 4) zero
3) straight segment OB only of line AB 31. A wire in the form of a square of side ‘2m’
4) straight segment OC only of line CD carries a current 2A. Then the magnetic
26. A positively charged particle enters at the induction at the centre of the square wire
middle as shown in Fig. with speed 10 m/s
5
is (magnetic permeability of free space =  0)
will bend
0  2 2 20 0
1) 2) 0 3) 4)
2   2
32. An electric current passes through a long
straight wire. At a distance 5 cm from the
wire, the magnetic field is B. The field at
20 cm from the wire would be.
1) towards 1 A wire 1) 2B 2) B/4 3) B/2 4) B
2) upwards the plane of wires 33. A current of one ampere is passed through
3) towards 3 A wire a straight wire of length 2 metre. The
4) down wards the plane of wires magnetic field at a point in air at a distance
27. Net magnetic field at the center of the of 3 m from one end of the wire but lying
circle o due to a current through loop ABC on the axis of the wire will be
as shown in figure is (   180 )0
1) 0 / 2 2) 0 / 4 3) 0 / 8 4) Zero
34. A straight vertical conductor carries a
current. At a point 5 cm due north of it,
the magnetic induction is found to be 20
µT due east. The magnetic induction at a
point 10 cm east of it will be
1) zero 2) perpendicular to paper inwards 1) 5µT north 2)10 µT north
3) perpendicular to paper outwards 3)5µTsouth 4)10µT south
4) perpendicular to the paper inwards if 35. A circular coil of radius 25 cm, carries a
current of 50 ampere. If it has 35 turns,
  900 and perpendicular to paper the flux density at the centre of the coil is
outwards if 90    180
0 0
(in Wb / m 2 )

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1)   103 2) 1.4  10 3 43. A particle having charge 100 times that of

an electron is revolving in a circular path
3) 14  10 3 4) 2  10 3 of radius 0.8m with one rotation per
36. A circular coil of radius R carries a current i. second.The magnetic field produced at the
The magnetic field at its centre is B. The centre is
distance from the centre on the axis of the
coil where the magnetic field will be B/8 is 1) 10-7/ 0 2)10-17 0
1) 2R 2) 3R 3) 2R 4) 3R 3)10-6 0 4)10-15 / 0
37. Two circular coils are made of two identical 44. A battery is connected between two points
wires of same length and carry same A and B on the circumference of a uniform
current. If the number of turns of the two conducting ring of radius r and resistance
coils are 4 and 2, then the ratio of magnetic R. One of the arcs AB subtends an angle
induction at the centers will be  at the centre. The value of the magnetic
1) 2:1 2) 1:2 3) 1:1 4) 4:1 induction at the centre due to the current
38. Two circular coils have diameters 10cm and in the ring
20cm with same number of turns. The 1) proportional to 2 (1800 –  )
ratio of the magnetic field induction 2) Inversely proportional to r
produced at the centre of the coils when 3) zero only if  =1800
connected in series is
1) 1:2 2) 2:1 3) 4:1 4) 1:4 4) zero for all values of 
39. A wire carrying a current of 4 A is in the 45. A thin straight vertical conductor has
form of a circle. It is necessary to have a 10amp current flows vertically upwards. It
magnetic field of induction  × 10 - 5 T at is present at a place where BH  4  106 T .
the centre. The radius of the circle must be
Arrange the net magnetic induction at the
1) 0.08 cm 2) 0.8 cm 3) 8 cm 4)80 cm
40. Two concentric circular coils A and B have following points in ascending order
radii 25 cm and 15 cm and carry currents a) at 0.5m on south of conductor
10A and 15A respectively. A has 24 turns b) at 0.5m on west of conductor
and B has 18 turns. The direction of c) at 0.5m on east of conductor
currents are in opposite order. The d) at 0.5m on north-east of conductor
magnetic induction at the common centre 1) a,b,c,d 2) a,b,d,c 3) a,c,b,d 4) b,a,d,c
of the coil is 46. A long straight wire carrying a current of
1) 120 0 T 2) 480 0 T 3) 420 0 T 4) 0 30A is placed in an external uniform
41. A wire carrying a current of 140 ampere is magnetic field of induction 4  104 T . The
bent into the form of a circle of radius 6 magnetic field is acting parallel. to the
cm. The flux density at a distance of 8 cm direction of current. The magnitude of the
on the axis passing through the centre of resultant magnetic induction in tesla at a
the coil and perpendicular to its plane is point 2 cm away from the wire is
approximately (in Wb / m 2 )
[  0  4  10 7 Hm 1 ]
1)   104 2) 2  10 4
1) 104 2) 3  104 3) 5  104 4) 6  104
 4 1 4
3)  10 4)  10 47. A straight section PQ of a circuit lies along
2 
the X axis from x = -a/ 2 to x = a/2 and
42. The magnetic induction at a point at a large
carries a steady current I .Then the
distance d on the axial line of circular coil
magnetic field due to the PQ section at a
of small radius carrying current is 120  T.
distance x = +a will be
At a distance 2d the magnetic induction
1) proportional to a 2) proportional to I/a
would be
1) 60  T 2) 30  T 3)15  T 4) 240  T 3) proportional to a 2 4) zero

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48. ABCD is a square of side L. A very long 52. Figure shows a coil of radius 2 cm concentric
straight conductor carrying a current i with a coil of radius 7 cm Each coil has 1000
passes through the vertex A of the square turns with a current of 5 A. In larger coil,
and is perpendicular to its plane. The then the current needed in the smaller coil
minimum magnetic induction at a vertex to give the total magnetic field at the centre
of the square is equal to 2 mT is
0 2 2i  2i
1) 2) 0
4 L 4 L
 4 2i 0 2i
3) 0 4)
4 L 4 L
49. The magnetic field at the centre of circular
loop in the circuit shown below is
1) 1.49A 2) 1.84A 3) 2.88A 4) 3.4A
53. Two identical coils carry equal currents
have a common centre and their planes are
at right angles to each other. The ratio of
 0 2I  0 2I the magnitude of the resultant magnetic
1) 4 r (1   ) 2) 4 r (  1 )
field at the centre and the field due to one
 0 2I  0 I coil is
3) 4 r 4) (  1 ) 1) 2 : 1 2) 1 : 2
3) 2 :1 4) 1: 2
4 r
50. A current IA is flowing in the sides of 54. A uniform wire of resistance 12 is bent
in the form of a square. A cell of emf 6V
equilateral triangle of side 4.5  10 2 m .The
having negligible internal resistance
magnetic induction at centroid of the
connected across the diagonal of the
triangle is
square. The magnetic induction at its
centre is (in tesla).
1) 0 2) 10-7
0
3) 5 x 10-7 4)  5  10  7
4
1) 4  105 T 2) 40T 55. A wire of length 10 cm is bent into an arc
of a circle such that it subtends an angle
3) 0.4  103 T 4) 4  102 T of 1 radian at the centre. If a current of 1
51. In the given figure the magnetic induction A is passed through the wire, the magnetic
at the point O is induction at the centre of the circle will be
1) 2  10-4 tesla 2) 1  10-6 tesla
3) 1  10-4 tesla 4) 2  10-6 tesla
56. A circular coil of radius ‘r’ having ‘n’ turns
carries a current ‘i’. The magnetic
induction at the center of the coil is ‘B’.
Now the coil is unwound and rewound with
0 I 0 I 0 I
1) 2)  half the original radius. If the magnetic
4 r 4r 2 r induction at the center of the coil is to be
the same, the current that should be passed
0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I
3)  4)  through the coil is
4r 4 r 4r 4 r 1) 2i 2) i 3) i/2 4) i/4

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57. Two wires A and B are of lengths 40cm and 0 i 0 i

2 a 
ˆj  iˆ 
2 a 
30cm. A is bent into a circle of radius r and 1) 2) iˆ  ˆj 
B into an arc of radius r. A current i1 is
0 i 0i
passed through A and i2 through B. To 3)
2 a 
iˆ  ˆj  4)
2 a 
iˆ  ˆj  kˆ 
have the same magnetic inductions at the 62. Two long straight wires are connected by
centre, the ratio of i1 : i2 is a circular section which has a radius R.
All the three segments lie in the same plane
1) 3 : 4 2) 3 : 5 3) 2 : 3 4) 4 : 3
and carry a current I. The magnetic
58. Two long straight conductors with currents
induction at the centre O of the circular
I1 and I 2 are along X and Y axes. The segments is
equation of locus of points of zero magnetic
induction is

0 I 0 I
1) 2)
4 R 4 R
0 I 0 I
I2 X 3) 4)
1) Y=X 2) Y  I R 2 R
1
63. If B is the magnetic induction, at the centre
I1 X of a circular coil of radius ‘r’ carrying a
3) Y  I X 4) Y  I I current is 1 T, then its value at a distance
2 1 2
of 3r on the axis from the centre of the
59. Magnetic field induction at the center of a
coil is
circular coil of radius 5cm and carrying a
current 0.9 A is ( in S.I. units) (0 = absolute 1 1 1
1) T 2) T 3) 8T 4) T
8 16 4
permittivity of air in S.I. units: velocity of light
= 3  108 ms 1 )
1 1016
1)  1016 2) 1) 1 2) 2 3) 4 4) 3 5) 1
0 0
6) 1 7) 3 8) 1 9) 2 10) 1
0 11) 3 12) 2 13) 4 14) 3 15) 4
3) 4) 1016 0
1016 16) 3 17) 3 18) 1 19) 4 20) 3
60. The magnetic induction at the centre of a 21) 2 22) 3 23)3 24) 1 25)1
current carrying circular coil of radius 10 26)3 27) 3 28) 2 29) 4 30) 2
cm is 5 5 times the magnetic induction at 31) 3 32) 2 33) 4 34) 4 35) 2
a point on its axis. The distance of the point 36) 2 37) 4 38) 2 39) 3 40) 3
from the centre of the coil in cm is 41) 1 42) 3 43) 2 44) 4 45) 4
1) 5 2) 10 3) 20 4) 25 46) 3 47) 4 48) 2 49) 2 50) 1
61. Same current ‘i’ is flowing in three infinitely 51) 3 52) 1 53) 3 54) 1 55) 2
long wire along positive x, y and z 56) 4 57) 1 58) 3 59) 1 60) 3
directions. The magnetic field at a point
(0,0-a) would be 61) 1 62) 2 63) 1

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70. The sensitiveness of tangent galvanometer

TANGENT GALVANOMETER will be maximum if deflection in it is
tending to .....and reading is accurate for
64. The reduction factor of a tangent
galvanometer may be defined as the
  ......
current passing through it to produce a 1) 00 , 450 2) 300 , 00 3) 450 , 00 4) 600 , 450
deflection of 71. A tangent galvanometer of reduction
1) 90° 2) 45° 3) 30° 4) 60° factor 1A is placed with plane of its coil
perpendicular to the magnetic meridian
65. A tangent galvanometer is taken from when a current of 1A is passed through it.
equator to the north pole. During this the The deflection produced is
sensitivity of the tangent galvanometer 1) 450 2) Zero 3) 300 4) 600
1) decreases because its reduction factor 72. A TG has 500 turns, each of radius 2 cm .
decreases
2) increases because its reduction factor If BH  3.6  10 5 Wb / m 2 , The deflection
decreases due to 7.2 mA current is
3) decreases because its reduction factor
increases 1) 600 2) 300 3) 450 4) Zero
4) increases because its reduction factor 73. In a properly adjusted tangent
increases galvanometer, the deflection for 1 A
current is found to be 30°. Now the coil is
66. In a tangent galvanometer, the circular
turned through 90° about the vertical axis,
coil is unwound and rewound to have twice
the deflection for the same current will be
the previous radius. As a result of this
1) 60° 2) 30° 3) 90° 4) 0°
the reduction factor (K) of the tangent
74. Two tangent galvanometers are connected
galvanometer is
in series across a battery. The deflections
1) unaffected 2) doubled in them are found to be 30° and 60°
3) quadrupled 4) halved respectively. The ratio of their reduction
67. The sensitivity of a tangent galvanometer factors is
increases if
1) 3 :1 2) 1: 3 3) 3 : 1 4) 1 : 3
1) number of turns decreases
2) number of turns increases 75. In a tangent galvanometer, the magnetic
induction produced by the coil of wire
3) field increases situated in the magnetic meridian is found
4) number of turns remains same. to be equal to the horizontal component of
68. The plane of the coil of tangent the earth’s magnetic field. The deflection
galvanometer is parallel to the magnetic produced in it will be
meridian 1) 30° 2) 60° 3) 45° 4) 90°
1) to avoid the influence of earth’s magnetic 76. A cell of negligible internal resistance is
field. connected to a tangent galvanometer and
2) to increase the magnetic field due to the the deflection produced is 30°. If three
current in the coil. such cells are connected in series and the
3) to make earth’s magnetic field combination is connected to the same
perpendicular to that due to the current in galvanometer, the deflection will be
the coil. 1) 30° 2) 60° 3) 90° 4) 45°
4) for some other reason. 77. The resistance of the coil of a tangent
69. The galvanometer constant of a tangent galvanometer is 60  . It is connected to a
galvanometer depends upon battery of negligible internal resistance.
1) earth’s magnetic field The deflection is found to be 60°. Now a
2) current in the coil shunt resistance of 30  is connected
3) magnetic field of the coil across the coil of the tangent galvanometer.
The deflection produced will be
4) deflection of the magnetic needle
1) 30° 2) 45° 3) 60° 4) 37°

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1) 3.4  10 3 T 2) 3.4 103 gauss

3) 3.4  103 T 4) 3.4 103 gauss

64) 2 65) 2 66) 3 67) 2 68) 3
69) 1 70) 1 71) 2 72) 3 73) 4 83. A long solenoid has 200 turns per cm and
74) 3 75) 3 76) 2 77) 3 carries a current i. The magnetic field at
its centre is 6.28  10 2 Wb / m 2 . Another
long solenoid has 100 turns per cm and it
SOLENOID AND TOROID carries a current i/3. The value of the
78. The length of a solenoid is 0.1 m and its magnetic field at its centre is
diameter is very small. A wire is wound over (AIE-2006)
in two layers. The number of turns in the 1) 1.05 104 Wb / m2
inner layer is 50 and that on the outer layer
is 40. The strength of current flowing in two 2) 1.05 102 Wb / m 2
layers in the same direction is 3 ampere. The
magnetic induction in the middle of the 3) 1.05 105 Wb / m 2
solenoid will be
1) 3.4  10 3 T 2) 3.4 103 gauss 4) 1.05 104 Wb / m 2

3) 3.4  103 T 4) 3.4 103 gauss 84. A toroidal solenoid has 3000 turns and a
mean radius of 10cm . It has a soft iron
79. The magnetic induction at the centre of a
solenoid is B. If the length of the solenoid core of relative permeability 2000. Find
is reduced to half and the same wire is the magnetic field in the core when a
wound in two layers the new magnetic current of 1.0A is passed through the
induction is solenoid .
1) B 2) 2B 3) B/2 4) 4B 1) 20T 2) 12T 3) 6T 4) 3T
80. A solenoid of length 20 cm and radius 2 cm
is closely wound with 200 turns. The
magnetic field intensity at either end of the
solenoid when the current in the winding is
5 amp. is 78)1 79) 2 80) 1 81) 2 82) 1
1) 2500 Amp/m 2) 2000 Amp/m 83) 2 84) 2
3) 1750 Amp/m 4) 2940 Amp/m
81. A solenoid of length 0.5 m has a radius of 1 FORCE ON A MOVING CHARGE
cm and is made up of 500 turns. It carries a IN A MAGNETIC FIELD
current of 5 A. The magnetic field inside the 85. An electric charge in uniform motion
solenoid is produces
1) 3.14  103 T 2) 6.28  103 T 1) an electric field only
2) a magnetic field only
3) 9.14  103 T 4) 1.68  103 T 3) both electric and magnetic fields.
4) no such field at all
82. The length of a solenoid is 0.1m and its 86. The force acting on a charge ‘q’ moving
diameter is very small. A wire is wound over with a velocity V in a magnetic field of
in two layers. The number of turns in the inner induction B is given by
layer is 50 and that on the outer layer is 40.
q Vx B
The strength of current flowing in two layers 1) 2)
in the same direction is 3 ampere. The Vx B q
magnetic induction in the middle of the
JG JG
3) q ( Vx B) 4) (V . B)q
solenoid will be

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87. A magnetic field exerts no force on 1) trajectory of electron is less curved

1) a stream of electrons 2) trajectory of proton is less curved
2) a stream of protons 3) both are equally curved
3) unmagnetised piece of iron 4) both move along straight line paths
4) stationary charge. 95. A charged particle moving in a magnetic
88. If the direction of the initial velocity of a field experiences a resultant force
charged particle is neither along nor 1) in the direction opposite to that of the field.
perpendicular to that of the magnetic field, 2) in the direction opposite to that of its velocity
then the orbit will be 3) in the direction perpendicular to both field
1) a straight line 2) an ellipse & its velocity
3) a circle 4) a helix. 4) in the direction parallel to the field
89. A charge moving with velocity V in X 96. An electron of mass ‘m’ is accelerated
direction is subjected to a field of magnetic through a potential difference of V and then
induction in the negative X direction.As a it enters a magnetic field of induction B.
result the charge will normal to the lines of force. Then the radius
1) remain unaffected of the circular path is
2) start moving in a circular path in y-z plane
3) retard along X - axis 1) 2eV 2) 2Vm 3) 2Vm 4) 2Vm
4) move along a helical path around X - axis m eB2 eB e2 B
90. The mono energetic beams of electrons 97. Among the following, one characteristic is
moving along +y direction enter a region independent of the angle between V and B
of uniform electric and magnetic fields. If 1) Momentum 2) Radius of helical path
the beam goes straight through these 3) Angular speed 4) Both 1 and 2.
simultaneously then field B and E are 98. A charged particle enters into a uniform
directed respectively along magnetic field the parameter that remains
1) -y axis and -z axis 2)+z axis and -x axis constant is
3) + x axis and - x axis 4)-x axis and -y axis 1) velocity 2) momentum
91. An  - particle moves from E to W in a 3) kinetic energy 4) angular velocity
magnetic field perpendicular to the plane 99. A free charged particle moves through a
of the paper and into the paper. The magnetic field. The particle may undergo
particle is deflected towards a change in
1) speed 2) energy
1) East 2) West
3) direction of motion
3) South 4) North
4) magnitude of the velocity
92. A positively charged particle falls 100. An electron is projected parallel to electric
vertically downwards. The horizontal and uniform magnetic fields acting
component of earth’s magnetic field will simultaneously in the same direction .The
deflect it towards electron
1) West 2) East 3) South 4) North 1) gains kinetic energy
93. An electron and a proton enter a magnetic 2) loses kinetic energy
field with equal velocities. The particle that 3) moves along circular path
experiences more force is 4) moves along a parabolic path
1) electron 101. A charged particle is moving with velocity
2) proton ‘V’ in a magnetic field of induction B. The
3) both experience same force force on the particle will be maximum when
4) it cannot be predicted. 1) V and B are in the same direction
94. An electron and a proton enter a magnetic 2) V and B are in Opposite direction
field at right angle to the field with same 3) V and B are perpendicular
kinetic energy. The correct statement is 4) V and B are at an angle of 450

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102. If electron velocity is 2i+4j and it is 108. A proton and a deuteron are projected with
subjected to magnetic field of 4k, then its same speeds normal to a uniform magnetic
1) speed will change 2) path will change field. Which of the following statements
3) velocity is Constant is/are true
4) momentum is Constant a) The ratio of their respective time
103. A proton moving with a velocity V is acted periods is 1 : 2
upon by electric field E and magnetic field b) The ratio of their respective angular
B. The proton will move undeflected if momenta about the centers of their
1) E is perpendicular to B and E parallel to V circular path is 1 : 4
2) E is parallel to V and perpendicular to B
3) E and B both are parallel to V c) The ratio of their respective radii of
4) E, V and B are mutually perpendicular and their circular paths is 1 : 2
V = E/B 1) only a 2) only c
104. A proton and an alpha particle enter into a 3) only a, b 4) All are true
uniform magnetic field with the same 109. If a charged particle is projected
velocity. The period of rotation of the alpha perpendicular to a uniform magnetic
particle will be field, then
1) four times that of proton a) it revolves in circular path
2) two times that of proton b) its K.E. remains constant
3) three times that of proton
c) its momentum remains constant
4) same as that of proton
105. Imagine that you are seated in a room and d) its path is spiral
there is a uniform magnetic field pointing 1) only a, b are correct 2) only a, c are correct
vertically down wards in it at the centre of 3) only b, d are correct 4) only a, d are correct
the room an electron is projected 110. When a positively charged particle enters
horizontally from left to right with a certain a uniform magnetic field with uniform
speed. Discuss the speed and the path of velocity, its trajectory can be
the electron in this field
a) a straight line b) a circle c) a helix
1) electron moves in anticlockwise path
2) electron moves in clockwise path 1) a only 2) a or b
3) electron moves left wards 3) a or c 4) any one of a, b and c
4) electron moves right wards 111. A proton is fired with a speed of
106. A charged particle with charge q enters a 2  106 m / s at an angle of 60° to the X-
region of constant uniform and mutually axis. If a uniform magnetic field of 0.1
 
orthogonal fields E and B with a velocity tesla is applied along the Y- axis, the force
   acting on the proton is
v perpendicular to both E and B and 1) 1.603  10-14 N 2) 1.6  10-14 N
comes out without any change in 3) 3.203  10-14 N 4) 3.2  10-14 N

magnitude and direction of v . Then 112. A conducting circular loop of radius r
carries a constant current i.It is placed in

  2 
  2 JG JG
1) v   E  B  / B 2) v   B  E  / B a uniform magnetic field B , such that B
    is perpendicular to the plane of the loop.

  2 
  2 The magnetic force acting on the loop is
3) v   E  B  / E 4) v   B  E  / E JG JG JG
    1) ir B 2) 2 riB 3) zero 4)  riB
107. An electron of charge e, revolves round 113. A proton enters a magnetic field with a
in an orbit of radius r with a uniform angular velocity of 2.5X107ms-1 making an angle
velocity  . The magnetic dipole moment 300 with the magnetic field. The force on
of the electron in the orbit is the proton is (B=25T)
1) e r / 2 2) e r 2 / 2 1)1. 25x10-11N 2) 2.5x10-11 N
3) e 2 r / 2 4) e 2 r 2 / 2 3) 5.0x10-11N 4) 7.5x10-11N

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114. A doubly ionised He+2 atom travels at right 120. Two particles having same charge and KE
angles to a magnetic field of induction 0.4T enter at right angles into the same
with a velocity of 105ms-1 describing a circle magnetic field and travel in circular paths
of radius r. A proton travelling with same of radii 2 cm and 3 cm respectively. The
speed in same direction in the same field ratio of their masses is.
will describe a circle of radius 1) 2 : 3 2) 3 : 2 3) 4 : 9 4) 9 : 4
1) r/4 2) r/2 3) r 4) 2r 121. Two electrons move parallel to each other
with equal speed ‘V’ the ratio of magnetic
115. A proton is projected with a velocity & electric force between them is
107 ms 1 , at right angles to a uniform 1) V/C 2) C/V 3) V2 / C2 4) C2 / V2
magnetic field of induction 100 mT. The 122. A proton, a deuteron and an  particle are
time (in seconds ) taken by the proton to accelerated through same potential
traverse 900 arc is:(Mass of proton difference and then they enter a normal
uniform magnetic field, the ratio of their
= 1.65  10 27 kg and charge of proton kinetic energies will be
=1.6  10 C )
 19 1) 2:1:3 2)1:1:2 3) 1:1:1 4) 1:2:4
123. A proton of energy 8eV is moving in a
1) 0.81 107 2) 1.62  107 circular path in a uniform magnetic field.
3) 2.43  107 4) 3.24  107 The energy of an alpha particle moving
in the same magnetic field and along the
116. A 2MeV proton is moving perpendicular same path will be
to a uniform magnetic field of 2.5 tesla. 1) 4eV 2) 2eV 3) 8eV 4) 6eV
The force on the proton is 124. A charged particle of charge 10mC enters
1) 2.5 x 10-10 newton 2) 8 x 10-11 newton a uniform magnetic field of induction
3) 2.5 x 10 newton 4) 8 x 10 newton
-11 -12
B  4i  y j  zk tesla with a velocity
117. A particle of mass 1 10 26 kg and charge V  2i  3 j  6k m sec1 . If the particle
1.6  1019 C travelling with a velocity continues to move undeviated then the
1 along the positive X-axis strength of the magnetic field induction in
1.28  10 ms
6
tesla
enters a region in which a uniform electric

1) 4 2) 8 3) 14 4) 30
field E  102.4  103 k NC 1 and 125. Magnetic induction field is existing along
magnetic field B  8 102 jWbm 2 , the +Z axis in a region 0  x  a (a is positive).
direction of motion of the particles is: A point charge q is projected with a velocity
1) x-axis 2) y-axis 3) z-axis 4) -x-axis ‘v’ at origin along positive x-axis, choose
the correct alternative regarding its
118. Two particles X and Y having equal charges,
after being accelerated through the same deviation
potential differences enter a region of 1) maximum deviation is  rad independent
uniform magnetic field and describe of value of a
circular paths of radii R 1 and R 2 2) maximum deviation is  / 2 rad
respectively. The ratio of the mass of X to independent of value of a
that of Y is
3) maximum deviation is  / 2 rad if a is
1) (R1/R2)1/2 2) (R2/R1)
greater than its radius of curvature
3) (R1/R2)2 4) (R1/R2)
4) Maximum deviation is  / 2 rad only if a is
119. A charged particle moving at right angles equal to its radius of curvature
to a uniform magnetic field and starts
moving along a circular arc of radius of 126. A proton moving with a velocity of
curvature ‘r’. In the field it now penetrates (6i + 8j) x 105 ms-1 enters uniform magnetic
a layer of lead and loses 3/4th of its initial field of induction 5 x 10-3 k tesla. The
kinetic energy. The radius of curvature of
its path now will be magnitude of the force acting on the proton
is (i, j and k are unit vectors along X, Y, Z
1) 4r 2) 2r 3) r/4 4) r/2
directions respectively)

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1) zero 2) 8  10-16 N
3) 3  10-16 N 4)4  10-16 N
127. A proton of energy 2 MeV is moving
perpendicular to uniform magnetic field of 85) 3 86) 3 87) 4 88) 4 89) 1
2.5 T. The force on the proton is (mp = 1.6 90) 2 91) 3 92) 2 93) 3 94) 2
x 10-27 Kg and qp = 1.6x10-19C) 95) 3 96) 2 97) 3 98) 3 99) 3
1) 2.5 x 10-16 N 2) 8 x 10-11 N 100) 2 101) 3 102) 2 103) 4 104) 2
3) 2.5 x 10-11 N 4) 8 x 10-12 N 105) 2 106) 1 107) 2 108) 4 109) 1
128. Acceleration experienced by a particle with 110) 4 111) 2 112) 3 113) 3 114) 2
specific charge 1x107 C/kg when fired 115) 2 116) 4 117) 1 118) 3 119) 4
perpendicular to a magnetic field of 120) 3 121) 3 122) 2 123) 3 124) 3
induction 100 µT with a velocity 105 ms-1 is 125) 3 126) 2 127) 4 128) 1 129) 3
1)108 ms-2 2)10-6 ms-2 130) 1 131) 2
3)1014 ms-2 4)10-8 ms-2
129. When two electrons enter into a magnetic FORCE ON A CURRENT
field with different velocities, they deflect CARRYING CONDUCTOR IN
in different circular paths, in such a way
that the radius of one path is double that of A MAGNETIC FIELD
the other. 1  10 ms is the velocity of the
7 1

electron in smaller circle of radius 132. A circular coil of wire carries a current. PQ
2  10 3 m . The velocity of electron in the is a part of very long wire carrying a
other circular path is current and passing close to the circular
1) 4  10 ms7  1 2) 4  10 ms
6  1
coil. if the directions of currents are those
3) 2  10 ms7  1 4) 2  10 ms
6  1 shown in figure, then the direction of the
130. A beam of charged particle, having kinetic force acting on PQ is
energy 103 eV , contains masses 8  10 27
kg and 1.6  10 26 kg emerge from the end
of an accelerator tube. There is a plate at
distance 102 m from the end of the tube
and placed perpendicular to the beam. The
magnitude of the smallest magnetic field
which can prevent the beam from striking 1) parallel to PQ, towards p
the plate is. 2) parallel to PQ, towards Q
1) 1.414 T 2) 2.414 T 3) at right angles to PQ, to the right
3) 3.414 T 4) 4.414 T 4) at right angles to PQ, to the left
131. A beam of mixture of  particles and 133. A conductor AB of length l carrying a
protons are accelerated through same current i is placed perpendicular to a long
potential difference before entering into straight conductor XY carrying a current l,
the magnetic field of strength B. If as shown. the force on AB will act
r1  5 cm, then r2 is

1) 5 cm 2) 5 2cm 3) 10 2cm 4) 20 cm

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1) along x to y 2) along y to x
3) to the right 4) to the left
134. A conducting circular loop of radius r
carries a constant current I it is placed in a 132) 4 133) 1 134) 3 135) 2 136) 3
uniform magnetic field B such that B is 137) 1
perpendicular to the plane of the loop the
magnetic force acting on the loop is
1) B I R 2) 2 ( B I R )
FORCE BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL
CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTORS
3) zero 4)  (B I R )
135. A straight wire (conductor) of length 10 cm is 138. Two coplanar circular coils of equal radius
kept in a uniform magnetic field of induction carrying currents i 1, i 2 in opposite
0.02 T. The angle between the conductor and directions are at a large distance ‘d’. The
the field direction is 300 . A current of 5A is distance from the first coil where the
passed through the conductor. The force on resultant magnetic induction is zero is
the conductor is (in N) d
d
1) 4  10 3 2) 5 103
1) 1  i2 2) 1  i2
3) 6  10  3 4) 7  10 3 i1 i1
136 A circular coil of 20 turns and radius 10 cm d d
is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.1 1
2

3) 1   i2  4) 1   i2 
3
T normal to the plane of the coil .If the
current in the coil is 5.0 A what is the  i1   i1 
average force on each electron in the coil 139. A rectangular loop carrying current I is
due ot the magnetic field (The coil is made located near an infinite long straight
of copper wire of cross-sectional area conductor carrying current I as shown in
the figure. The loop,
10 5 m 2 and the free electron density in
copper is given to be about 1029 m 3 .)
1) 2.5  1025 N 2) 7.5  1025 N
3) 5  1025 N 4) 1025 N
137. A thin 50 cm long metal bar with mass 1) remain stationary
750 g rests on,but is not attached to , two 2) is attracted towards the wire
metallic supports in a uniform 0.45T 3) is repelled away from the wire
magnetic field as shown in Fig .A battery 4) will rotate about an axis parallel to the wire
and a 25 resistor in series are connected 140. Two streams of protons move parallel to
to the supports. The largest voltage the each other in the same direction. They will
battery can have without breaking the 1) attract each other
circuit at the supports (units are in “V”) is 2) repel each other
3) neither attract nor repel 4) rotate
141. Two streams of electrons are moving
parallel to each other in the same direction.
They
1) attract each other
2) repel each other
3) cancel the electric field of each other
1) 817 2) 718 3) 827 4)837 4) cancel the magnetic field of each other

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142. A light body is hanging at the lower end of 148. Choose the correct statement. There will
a vertical spring. On passing current in be no force experienced if
the spring, the body
1) two parallel wires carry currents in the same
1) rises up 2) goes down
direction
3) no change 4) oscillates up & down
143. A current carrying wire is placed along east 2) two parallel wires carry currents in the
and west in a magnetic field directed north opposite direction
wards. If the current in the wire is directed 3) a positive charge is projected between the
east wards, the direction of force on the pole pieces of bar magnet
wire is 4) a positive charge is projected along the axis
1) due west 2) due south of a solenoid carrying current
3) vertically upwards 4) vertically downwards
144. Two parallel, long wires carry currents i1 & 149. The magnitude of the force between a pair
i2 (i1 >i2) when the currents are in the same of conductors, each of length 110 cm,
direction, the magnetic induction at a point carrying a current of 10A and separated
midway between the two wires is X. If the by a distance of 10 cm is
direction of i2 is reversed, the magnetic 1) 55  10 5 N 2) 44  105 N
induction becomes 2x, then i1/ i2 is
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 3) 33  10 5 N 4) 22  105 N
145. Two straight long conductors AOB and 150. Two parallel conductors A and B separated
COD are perpendicular to each other and by 5 cm carry electric current of 6A and
carry currents i1 and i2. The magnitude of 2A in the same direction. The point
magnetic induction at a point P at a distance between A and B where the field is zero at
a from the point O in the direction 1) 0.25 cm from B 2) 1 cm from B
perpendicular to the plane ABCD is 3) 1.25 cm from B 4) 3.75 cm from B
1) ( 0 / 2  a) (i1 + i2) 151. The distance between the wires of electric
2) ( 0 / 2  a) (i1 - i2) mains is 12cm. These wires experience 4
mgwt per unit length. The value of current
3) ( 0 / 2  a) (i12 + i22)1/2 flowing in each wire will be if they carry
4) ( 0 / 2  a) [i1 i2/( i1+i2)] current in same direction
146. Two parallel wires carrying current I and 1) 4.85A 2) zero
2I in same direction have magnetic field 3) 4.85 X 102 A 4) 8 5 X 1 0  4 A
B at the midpoint between them. If the 152. Two long straight conductors are held
current 2I is switched off, the magnetic parallel to each other 7cm apart. The
field at that point will be conductors carry currents of 9A and 16A
1) B/2 2) B 3) 2B 4) 3B in opposite directions. The distance of
147. Two long straight horizontal parallel wires neutral point from the conductor carrying
one above the other are separated by a 16A current is
distance ‘2a’. If the wires carry equal 1) 9cm 2) 16cm
currents in opposite directions, the 3) 25cm 4) 63/25cm
magnitude of the magnetic induction in the 153. A horizontal wire of length 0.05m carries
plane of the wires at a distance ‘a’ above a current of 5A. If the mass of the wire is
the upper wire is 10mg, the minimum magnetic field
oi oi oi required to support the weight of the wire
1) 2)  is (g=10m/s2)
2 a 2 a 4 a
oi oi i 1) 4x10-4 T 2) 25x10-4T
3)  4) o
2 a 4 a 3 a 3) 4x10-1 T 4) 25x10-1T

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154. Currents of 10 A , 2 A are passed through

two parallel wires A and B respectively in
opposite directions. If the wire A is
infinitely long and the length of the wire B
is 2 metre, the force on the conductor B,
which is situated at 10cm distance from A
will be
1) 8 x 10-5 newton 2) 5 x 10-5 newton 1) 3.2  10 5 N 2) 1.6  10 5 N
3) 8  x 10-7 newton 4) 4  x 10-7 newton 3) 0.4  105 N 4) 4  105 N
155. Two long parallel conductors carry currents
I and 2I in the same direction. The 159. Wire-1 in fig is oriented along the Y-axis
magnetic induction at a point exactly mid and carries a steady current I1 A
way between them is B. If the current in rectangular circuit located to the right of
the first conductor is reversed in direction,
the wire carries a current I 2 Find the force
the magnetic induction at the same point
will be experienced by the top of the horizontal
1) B / 3 2) 2B 3) 3B 4) B / 2 wire ( wire-2) of the rectangular circuit.
156. A horizontal wire carries 200 amp current
below which another wire of linear density
20x10-3 kgm–1 carrying a current is kept
at 2 cm distance. If the wire kept below
hangs in air. The current in this wire is
1) 100A 2) 9.8 A 3) 98A 4) 48A
157. Two long parallel conductors are placed at
right angles to a metre scale at the 2cm
and 6 cm marks, as shown in the figure  0 I1 I 2  b  ˆ 
1)  ln 1   j 
 2  a 

 0 I1 I 2  b  ˆ 
2) 
 2  a
 
ln 1    j 


 0 I1 I 2  b     
3)  ln 1     i  
 2  a   
They carry currents of 1 A and 3 A
 0 I1 I 2  b     
respectively. They will produce zero 4)  ln 1    i  
magnetic field at the (ignore the earth’s  2  a   
magnetic field)
1) 5 cm mark 2) 3 cm mark
3) 1 cm mark 4) 8 cm mark
158. A rectangular loop of wire of size 138) 3 139) 2 140) 2 141) 2 142) 1
4cm 10cm carries a steady current of 2A. 143) 3 144) 3 145) 3 146) 2 147) 4
A straight long wire carrying 5A current is 148) 4 149) 4 150) 3 151) 1 152) 2
kept near the loop (as shown in fig).If the 153) 1 154) 1 155) 3 156) 3 157) 2
loop and the wire are coplanar, find the net 158) 2 159) 1
force on the loop

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CURRENT LOOP AND MAGNETIC DIPOLE 168. Magnetic induction at the centre of a
circular loop of area  square meter is
160. If the angular momentum of an electron 0.1 tesla. The magnetic moment of the loop
revolving in a circular orbit is L, then its
is ( 0 is permeability of air)
magnetic moment is
1) eLm 2) eL/m 3) eL/2m 4) zero 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
161. The dipole moment of a current loop is 1)  2)  3)  4) 
0 0 0 0
independent of
169. Magnetic induction at the center of a
1) current in the loop 2) number of turns circular loop carrying a current is ‘B’. If
3) area of the loop ‘A’ is the area of the coil, the magnetic
4) magnetic field in which it is situated dipole moment of the loop is
162. Tangent law is applicable to a dipole placed
JG JG BA2 BA A
in two magnetic fields B and Bo when 1) 2)
JG JG o o
1) B  B o
JG BA A 2BA A
2) B and Bo are perpendicular to each other 3) 4)
JG o o
3) B makes any angle with Bo 170. A circular current loop of magnetic moment
JG M is in an arbitrary orientation
JG in an
4) B is directed opposite to Bo external magnetic field B . The work done
163. A magnetic dipole placed in two to rotate the loop by 300 about an axis
perpendicular magnetic fields B and B0 is perpendicular to its plane is :
in equilibrium making an angle  with B MB MB
1) MB 2) 3 3) 4) zero
then. 2 2
1) B = B0 2) B cos  = Bosin 
3) B sin  = BoCos  4) B = Bo tan 
164. A current loop placed in a magnetic field 160) 3 161) 4 162) 2 163) 3
behaves like a 164) 1 165)1 166) 1 167) 1
1) magnetic dipole 2) magnetic substance 168) 2 169) 4 170) 4
3) magnetic pole 4) non magnetic substance
165. Singly ionized helium (x), ionized TORQUE ON CURRENT LOOP
deuteron(y), alpha(z) particles are
projected into a uniform magnetic field 171. A straight horizontal conductor of length
3x 10-4 tesla with velocities 105 ms -1, L meter and mass m kg carries a current
0.4 x 104 ms-1 and 2 x 103 ms-1 respectively. ‘i’ ampere. The minimum magnetic
The correct relation between the ratio of induction which must exist in the region to
the angular momentum to the magnetic balance its weight
moment of the particles is 1) mg/iL 2) iL/mg
1) x>y= z 2) x < y < z 3) mgL/i 4) mL/ig
3) y < x < z 4) z > x > y 172. A current carrying loop in a uniform
166. A small coil of N turns has an area A and a
magnetic field will experience
current ‘i’ flows through it. The magnetic
1) force only
dipole moment of the coil will be
2) torque only
1) i NA 2) i2 NA 3) i N2A 4) iN/A
167. If an electron is revolving in a circular 3) both torque and force
orbit of radius 0.5 A0 with a velocity of 4) neither torque nor force
2.2  106 m/s. The magnetic dipole moment 173. The torque acting on a magnetic dipole of
of the revolving electron is moment Pm when placed in a magnetic field
1) 8.8  10–24 Am 2) 8.8  10–23 Am is
3) 8.8  10–22 Am 4) 8.8  1021 Am 1) PmB 2) Pm  B 3) Pm .B 4) Pm/B

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174. A coil of area A, turns N and carrying 1) couple on loop P will be highest
current i is placed with its face parallel to 2) couple on loop Q will be highest
the lines of magnetic induction B. The work 3) couple on loop R will be highest
done in rotating the coil through an angle 4) couple on loop S will be highest
of 1800 is 180. Two circular coils carrying currents are of
1) iNAB 2) 2iNAB 3) iNAB/2 4) zero nearly same radius have common centre
175. A conducting circular loop of radius ‘r’ and released from rest with their planes
carries a constant current ‘i’. It is placed in perpendicular. Assuming that they can
a uniform magnetic field B0 such that B0 is freely rotate about their diameters, select
perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The the wrong alternative
magnetic force acting on the loop is 1) Each will exert a torque on the other
1) i r Bo 2) 2  ri Bo 2) Through out their rotation, angular
3) zero 4)  riBo momentum of the system is conserved
176. A current carrying loop is free to turn in a 3) Angular momentum of system initially
uniform magnetic field. The loop will then increases and then decreases
come into equilibrium when its plane is 4) Potential energy of system first decreases
inclined at 181. A current carrying circular coil, suspended
1) 00 to the direction of the field. freely in a uniform external magnetic field
2) 450 to the direction of the field. orients to a position of stable equilibrium.
3) 900 to the direction of the field. In this state:
4) 600 to the direction of the field. 1) the plane of the coil is normal to the external
177. When a current carrying coil is placed in a magnetic field
uniform magnetic field of induction B, then 2) the plane of the coil is parallel to the external
a torque  acts on it. If I is the current, n magnetic field
is the number of turns and A is the face 3) flux through the coil is minimum
area of the coil and the normal to the coil 4) torque on the coil is maximum
makes an angle  with B, Then 182. A conducting wire of length l is turned in
1)  = B I n A 2)  = B I n A sin  the form of a circular coil and a current i is
3)  = B I n A cos  4)  = B I n A tan  passed through it.For torque due to
178. A moving coil type of galvanometer is external uniform magnetic field to be
based upon the principle that maximum, the number of turns in the coil
1) a coil carrying current experiences a torque will be
in magnetic field. 1) 1 2) 2 3) infinity 4) 0
2) a coil carrying current produces a magnetic 183. When a current loop is placed in a uniform
field. magnetic field
3) a coil carrying current experiences impulse JJG JJG
i) FR  0 and  ii) FR  0 but   0
in a magnetic field. JJG JJG
4) a coil carrying current experiences a force iii) FR  0 but   0 iv) FR  0 and   0
in magnetic field. 1) only i & ii are ture 2) only ii & iii are true
179. Four wires each of length 2m are bent into 3) only iii & iv are true 4) only i & iv are true
four loops P,Q,R, and S and then
184. When a current carrying coil is situated in
suspended into a uniform magnetic field
a uniform magnetic field with its magnetic
same current is passed in each loop.The
moment antiparallel to the field
correct statement is
i) Torque on it is maximum
ii) Torque on it is minimum
iii) PE of loop is maximum
iv) PE of loop is minimum

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1) only i and ii are true

2) only ii and iii are true
3) only iii and iv are true 171) 1 172) 2 173) 2 174) 2 175) 1
4) only i, ii and iii are true 176) 3 177) 2 178) 1 179) 4 180) 3
185. A rectangular coil of wire of 500 turns of 181) 1 182) 1 183) 2 184) 2 185) 2
area 10  5 cm 2 carries a current of 2 A in 186) 1 187) 4 188) 4 189) 1
a magnetic field of induction 2  10 3 T. If
the plane of the coil is parallel to the field. MOVING COIL GALVANOMETER
The torque on the coil is (in) Nm.
1) 0.1 2) 0.01 3) 0.001 4) 1 190. In a moving coil galvanometer a radial
magnetic field is applied with concave
186. A coil of area 100 cm 2 having 500 turns magnetic poles, to have
carries a current of 1 m A. It is suspended A) uniform magnetic field
in a uniform magnetic field of induction
B) the plane of the coil parallel to field
103 wb / m 2 . Its plane makes an angle of 1) A, B true 2) A,B false
600 with the lines of induction. The torque 3) A true , B false 4) A false B true
acting on the coil is 191. A current carrying coil tends to set itself
1) 250  10 8 Nm 2) 25  10 8 Nm 1) parallel to an external magnetic field.
3) 2.5  10 8 Nm 4) 0.2  10 8 Nm 2) parallel to its own magnetic field
187. A circular coil of 1 turn and area 0.01 m² 3) perpendicular to the external magnetic field.
carries a current of 10 A. It is placed in a 4) perpendicular to the geographic meridian
uniform magnetic field of induction 0.1 192. The restoring couple in the moving coil
tesla such that the plane of the circle is galvanometer is due to
perpendicular to the direction of the field, 1) current in the coil
the torque acting on the coil is
2) magnetic field of the magnet.
1) 0.1N m 2) 0.001Nm 3) 0.01N m 4) Zero
3) material of the coil.
188. A square loop of side L carries a current I.
4) twist produced in the suspension wire.
Another smaller square loop of side
193. A wire of length ‘L’ is made in the form of
l l  L  carrying a current i is placed a coil in a moving coil galvanometer. To
inside the bigger loop such that they are have maximum sensitiveness the shape of
coplanar with their centers coinciding. If the coil is
the currents in the loops are in the same 1) circular 2) elliptical
direction, the magnitude of the torque on 3) rectangular 4) square
the smaller loop is 194. The relation between voltage sensitivity
 V and the current sensitivity  i of a
0 Iil 2 0 Iil 2 0 Iil 2 moving coil galvanometer is (Given that G
1) 2) 3) 4) Zero
2 L 2 L 3 L is the resistance of the galvanometer)
189. A coil in the shape of an equilateral triangle 1)  V = G  i 2)  V =  i /G
of side 0.02 m is suspended from a vertex
such that it is hanging in a vertical plane 3)  V  i = G 4)  V  i = 1/G
between the pole pieces of a permanent 195. The resistance of an ideal voltmeter is
magnet producing a horizontal fields of 1) zero 2) infinity
5  102 T . Find the couple acting on the coil 3) finite, very small 4) finite and large
when a current of 0.1A is passed through 196. The sensitivity of a moving coil
it and the magnetic field parallel its plane galvanometer increases with the decrease in
1) 0.866  10 6 N  M 2) 1.732  104 N  M 1) number of turns 2) area of coil
3) magnetic field 4) couple per unit twist
3) 0.422  10 6 N  M 4) 0.866 102 N  M

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197. If a galvanometer is shunted then among 203. A moving coil galvanometer A has 200 turns
the following which statement is not true and resistance 100 . Another meter B has
1) effective range increases. 100 turns and resistance 40 . All the other
2) equivalent resistance decreases. quantities are same in both the cases. The
3) galvanometer becomes more sensitive current sensitivity of
4) galvanometer becomes more protective. 1) B is double as that of A 2) A is 2 times of B
198. The purpose of soft iron cylinder between 3) A is 5 times of B 4) B is 5 times of A.
the pole pieces of the horse-shoe magnet 204. A rectangular coil of size 3x3 cm consisting
in a moving coil galvanometer is of 100 turns caries 0.1 A. If it produces a
1) to increase the magnetic induction in the polar gap deflection 100, in a field of induction 0.1T,
the couple per unit twist is
2) to evenly distribute the magnetic lines of force
1) 9x10-2 N-m/Degree 2) 9x10-5 N-m/Degree
3) to provide a radial magnetic field
3) 9x10-5 N-m/rad 4) 0.9 N-m/Degree
4) to reduce the magnetic flux leakage in the 205. To increase the current sensitivity of a
polar gap moving coil galvanometer by 50% ,its
199. The radial magnetic field is used in a resistance is increased so that the new
suspended coil galvanometer to provide resistance becomes twice its initial
1) a uniform torque on the coil resistance. By what factor does the voltage
sensitivity change?
2) maximum torque on the coil in all positions
1) decreased by 75% 2) Increased by 75%
3) a uniform and maximum torque in all positions 3) decreased by 25% 4) Increased by 25%
of the coil
4) a non uniform torque on the coil
200. Assertion (A): In M.C.G., the deflection
’ ’ is directly proportional to the strength 190) 1 191) 3 192) 4 193) 1 194)2
195)2 196) 4 197) 3 198) 1 199)1
of the current
200) 4 201) 1 202) 1 203) 2 204) 2
Reason (R): In M.C.G., the torque 205) 3
experienced by the loop is BiANcos 
1) Both A and R are correct , R is correct CONVERSION OF MCG INTO AMMETER
reason of A AND VOLTMETER
2) Both are wrong
3) Both A and R are correct and R is not the 206. To measure the resistance of a device
correct reason of A using Ohm’s law the mode of connection
4) A is correct, R is wrong used is
201. A current of 10-5 A produces a deflection of 1) ammeter in series, voltmeter in parallel
2) voltmeter in series, ammeter in parallel
100 in a moving coil galvanometer. A 3) both ammeter and voltmeter in series
current of 10 -6 amp in the same 4) both ammeter and voltmeter in parallel
galvanometer produces a deflection of 207. To increase the range of an ammeter, we
1) 10 2) 0.10 3) 100 4) (1/100)0 need to connect a suitable
1) low resistance in parallel
202. The coils made of same material in two 2) low resistance in series
moving coil galvanometers have their 3) high resistance in parallel
areas in the ratio of 2:3 and number of turns 4) high resistance in series.
in the ratio 4:5. These two coils carry the 208. An ammeter has a resistance of G ohm and
same current and are situated in the same a range of ‘i’ ampere. The value of
field. The deflections produced by these resistance used in parallel, to convert into
two coils will be in the ratio of an ammeter of range ‘ni’ ampere is
1) nG 2) (n-1)G 3) G/n 4) G/n-1H
1) 8:15 2) 15:8 3) 8:1 4) 1:4

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209. Among the following the false statement is 215. The resistance of an ideal voltmeter is
1) ammeter is connected in series and maximum 1) Zero 2) infinity
current flows through it 3) 1000  4) 10000 
2) voltmeter is connected in parallel and 216. If G, r A and r V denote the internal
potential is maximum resistances of a galvanometer, an ammeter
3) ammeter is connected in series and current and a voltmeter among the following the
through it is negligible correct relationship is
4) voltmeter is connected in parallel and current 1) G < rA < rV 2) rA < rV < G
through it is negligible. 3) rA<G <rV 4)rV < rA < G
210. A voltmeter has a resistance of g ohm and 217. Among the following the true statement is,
range of V volt. The value of resistance 1) ammeter is a high resistance galvanometer
used in series to convert it into voltmeter and voltmeter is a low resistance
of range nV volt is galvanometer
g g 2) ammeter is a low resistance galvanometer
1) ng 2) g n 1
3) 4) n 1
and voltmeter is a high resistance
n galvanometer.
211. In an electrical circuit containing a source 3) ammeter and voltmeter cannot be
of emf and a load resistance, the voltmeter distinguished on the basis of their resistance.
is connected by mistake in series with the 4) ammeter and voltmeter have same
load across the source and ammeter is resistance
connected parallel to the load. Then which 218. A galvanometer has a resistance of 400  .
meter burns out The value of shunt so that its sensitivity is
1) ammeter to be reduced by 1/50 times
2) voltmeter
1) 6.16  2) 7.16 
3) both ammeter and voltmeter
4) neither ammeter nor voltmeter 3) 8.16  4) 9.16 
212. If a voltmeter, in advertently mistaken for 219. A galvanometer of resistance 20  is to
an ammeter, were inserted into the circuit, be shunted so that only 1% of the current
the current passes through it. Shunt connected is
1) increases 2) remains same 1) 99/20  2) 9/20 
3) decreases 4) becomes zero 3) 20/99  4) 2/99 
213. An ammeter and a voltmeter of resistance
220. The resistance of a moving coil
R are connected in series to an electric
cell of negligible internal resistance. Their galvanometer is 5 ohm. The maximum
readings are A and V respectively. If current it can measure is 0.015 A. To convert
another resistance R is connected in it into an ammeter to measure 1.5 A.
parallel with the voltmeter, then 1) connected 5/99 ohm in series
1) Both A and V increases 2) connected 99/50 ohm in parallel
2) Both A and V decreases 3) connected 5/99 ohm in parallel
3) A decreases but V increases 4) connected 99/50 ohm in series
4) A increases but V decreases. 221. A galvanometer of coil resistance 100 
214. A moving coil voltmeter is generally used is connected to a shunt of resistance 10
to measure the potential difference across
 . The current through the galvanometer
a conductor of resistance ‘r’ carrying a
current i. The resistance of voltmeter is is i1 , the current through the shunt is i2
R. For more correct measurement of and the total current into the combination
potential difference is i3 , then the ratio i 1 : i 2 : i 3 is
1) R = r 2) R>>r 1) 1 : 10 : 11 2) 10 : 1 : 11
3) R << r 4) R = 0 3) 11 : 10 : 1 4) 10 : 11 : 1

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229. To convert a voltmeter measuring 15 V

222. The resistance of a galvanometer is
into a voltmeter measuring 150V, if the
100  . A shunt of 5  is connected to it to resistance of the voltmeter is 1000  , the
convert it into an ammeter. The internal resistance to be connected is
resistance of the ammeter is 1) 10,000  in Series 2) 9,000  in Series
1) 5.2  2) 4.8  3) 4.6  4) 4.2 
3) 11,000  in Series 4) 8,000  in Series
223. A galvanometer of resistance 100 ohms is
shunted so that only 1/11 of the main 230. A galvanometer of resistance 25 ohm is
connected to a battery of 2 V along with a
current flows through the galvanometer.
resistance in series. When the value of this
The resistance of the shunt is
resistance is 3000  a full scale deflection
1) 1 ohm 2) 11 ohms of 30 units is obtained in the galvanometer.
3) 10 ohms 4) 9 ohms In order to reduce this deflection to 20
224. If a shunt is to be applied to a units, the resistance in series will be
galvanometer of resistance 50  so that 1) 4513ohm 2) 5413ohm
only 5% of total current passes through 3) 2000ohm 4) 6000ohm.
the galvanometer. The resistance of shunt
231. A voltmeter has range 0  V with a series
should be
resistance R. With a series resistance 2R,
1) 1.63  2) 4.2  3) 3.5  4) 2.63 
the range is 0  V'. The correct relation
225. If only 2% of the main current is to be
between v and v' is
passed through a galvanometer of
resistance G, then the resistance of the 1) v1=2v 2) v1>2v 3) v1<2v 4) v1>>2v
shunt will be 232. A 100 V voltmeter having an internal
1) G/50 2) G/49 3) 50G 4) 49G resistance of 20 K  when connected in
226. A maximum current point 0.5 mA can be series with a large resistance R across a 110
passed through a galvanometer of V line reads 5 V. The magnitude of R is
resistance 20  . The resistance to be 1) 210 K  2) 315 K 
connected in series to convert it in to 3) 420 K  4) 440 K 
voltmeter of range 0-5V. is 233. A galvanometer has resistance G and
1) 980  2) 9980  Current I g produces full scale deflection.
3) 990  4) 9990 
S1 is the value of the shunt which converts
227. The maximum potential that can be
measured with a voltmeter of resistance it into an ammeter of range 0 - I and S 2 is
1000  is 6V. Resistance that must be the value of shunt for the range 0 - 2I. The
connected to measure a potential of 30V ratio of S1 and S 2 is
with it is
1  I  Ig  2I  I g
1) 4000  in Series 2) 6000  in Series 1) 2  2 I  i  2) I  I 3) 1/2 4) 2
 g  g
3) 12000  in Series 4) 2000  in Series
234. The scale of a galvanometer is divided into
228. A voltmeter has an internal resistance of
150 equal division. The galvanometer has
1000  and gives full scale deflection the current sensitivity of 10 divisions per
when 2 V is applied across the terminals. mA and the voltage sensitivity of 2
Now a resistance of 4000  is connected divisions per mV . How the galvanometer
in series with it. Then it gives full scale
can be designed to read (a) 6A / division
deflection with
and (b) 1V / division ?
1) 8 V 2) 10 V 3) 6 V 4) 4 V

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1) S  8.3 105 , R  9995 239. Cyclotron is adjusted to give proton beam,

magnetic induction is 0.15 wbm 2 and the
2) S  8.3 102 , R  995
extreme radius is 1.5 m. The energy of
3) S  4.3 105 , R  9950 emergent proton in MeV will be
1) 34.2 2) 3.42 3) 2.43 4) 24.3
4) R  8.3 105 , S  995
240. A cyclotron has an oscillator frequency
235. In a galvanometer 5% of the total current 12MHz and a Dee of radius 50 cm.
in the circuit passes through it. If the
Calculate the magnetic induction needed
resistance of the galvanometer is G, the
shunt resistance ‘S’ connected to the to accelerate deuterons of mass
galvanometer is 3.3  1027 kg and charge 1.6  1019 C
1) 19G 2) G/19 3) 20G 4) G/20
1) 1.55wb / m 2 2) 2.55wb / m 2
236. The sensitivity of a galvanometer is 60
divisions/Amp. When a shunt is used, its 3) 0.55wb / m 2 4) 3.55wb / m 2
sensitivity becomes 10 divisions Amp. If
the galvanometer is of resistance 20 , the
value of shunt used is:
238) 3 239) 3 240) 1
1) 4 2) 5 3) 20 4) 2
237. The sensitivity of a galvanometer that
measures current is decreased by 1/40
times by using shunt resistance of 10 .

HINTS SOLUTIONS
Then, value of resistance of the
galvanometer is
1) 400 2) 410 3) 30 4) 390
1. W  0mi work done is independent of
radius ‘r’
2. For a thin walled tube Binside  0
206) 1 207) 1 208) 4 209) 3 210) 2
211) 4 212) 3 213) 4 214) 2 215) 2 1
3. B 5. BP =B+BH
216) 3 217) 2 218) 3 219) 3 220) 3 r
221) 1 222) 2 223) 3 224) 4 225) 2 6. According to ampere’s right hand thumb rule
226) 2 227) 1 228) 2 229) 2 230) 1 1 i1 i2
15. B 19. r  r 20. B n 2
231) 3 232) 3 233) 2 234) 1 235) 2 r 1 2

236) 2 237) 4 0i ev

21. B  where i 
2r 2 r
CYCLOTRON
0i q M i  r2
238. A cyclotron in which protons are 22. B  where i  23. 
2r 2 L mvr
accelerated has a flux density of 1.57T.
25. Fields are opposite in direction along the
The variation of frequency of electric field
line AB
is (in Hz)
26. F  qvB . Field due to 3A wire is more, so
1) 4.8  108 2) 8.4  108
more force
3) 2.5  107 4) 4.8  106 28. W  0mni

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29. Magnetic field at O due to AB,i.e 61. Magnetic field due to current along the
I z-axis is 0.
B  0 sin 1  sin 2 
4 d 0 i
and due to rest two wires is
i 1 2 a
30. W  0mi ; 31. B  8 2 0 ; 32. B
4 a r Bx 
0i 
2a
j ; By 
2a
 
0i 
i ; Bz  0
i i  ni
33. B  0 ; 34. B  0 ; 35. B  0
2r 2r 2r 0 I  Ba R3
62. B   63. 
R 4 Bc ( x 2  R 2 )3/2
0 nir 2 1  ni
36. B    0 64. i  K tan
2 r  x
2

2 3/ 2 8 2r
0 ni 2rBH 1
0 n i 2
1 66. K  , n  so K r 2
37. B  ; 38. B ; 39. r  0 n r
l r 2B
 ni 2rBH
40. B  B1  B2 , Bcentre  0 72. I  tan  73. B  BH Tan
2r 0 n
0 nir 2
1 K1 tan  2
41. B  42. B 3 74.  75. B  BH Tan
2 r  x 
3/2
2 2
x K 2 tan 1
 ne
43. B  0 where n is the frequency I1 tan 300
2r 76.  77. i  k tan 
3I1 tan  2
 i i
44. B  0 45. B  0 78. B  o ni 79. B  o ni
4 r 2 r
46. B  B12  B22 47. dl  r  0 B ni
80. H   81. B  0in
0 2
0i
48. B  . The maximum distance of a vertex
2 r  0i B1 n1  i1 
from the conductor is 2L
82. B  N1  N 2  83. B  n  i 
L 2 2  2 

0i i  Ni
49. B1  , B2  0 , B  B1  B2 84. B= 111. F  BqV sin 
2 r 2r 2 r
i 112. The net force on current carrying loop in uniform
50. B  0 sin 1  sin  2  3 magnetic field will be zero.
4 r
mv
I I 113. F  BqV sin  114. r 
51. B  B1  B2 ; B  0  0 Bq
4r 4 r
2 m 2KE
0 i 0i 2 B Be 115. T  ; 116. F  Bqv, v 
52. B  B1  B2   ; 53.  Bq m
2r1 2r2 B B
0i E mV KE1 r12
54. B1  sin 1  sin  2  117. V  ; 118. r  ; 119. 
B Bq KE2 r22
4 r
 i  ni mv 2mk Fm V 2
55. B 0 56. n1r1  n2 r2 ; B  0 
4r 2r 120. r   ; 121.
Bq Bq Fe C 2
 0 i1  0 i2 0ni c  1
58. B  0 ; 2y  B q2r 2 B2
2x ; 59. 2r
; 00 123. Bqv 
mv2
; Bq 
mv p
 ; Ek 
r r r 2m
0 nir 2

q 2 Ek  q  mP
2
60. B 

2r x2

2 3/ 2
Ek  ; 2
m EK P qP md

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G JG JG
124. v // B y  6 z  12 B  14  2I I 
FAD  km  1 2   AB 
mv  a 
125. r 
qB 
126. F  q V  B  10 7
N / A2  5 A  2 A10cm 
  2 105 N
2 KE 1 1cm 
127. F  Bqv  Bq (' mv 2  KE )
Similarly, FBC  0.4  105 N
m 2
qBr Thus . Fnet  FAD  FBC  1.6  10 5 N
128. F  qvB 129. v  ( towards right)
m
mv 2mE  I I   b 
159.  2 In 1  a  ˆj 
0 1 2
130. r  
   
qB qB G
mv 2mqv  
Magnetic field B created by wire - I at a
131. r   ; 135. F  BIl sin  distance x from it , i.e ..
qB qB
136. Force acting on each electron, i.e.., G I
B  0 1  k 
Lorentz force, Fm  evd B 2 x
Force acting on a small element dx of wire -2, i.e
 1  IB JJJG JJG   I
or Fm  e  B  (asI  neAvd ) JJJG JJG JG 
dF  I 2 dx  B or dF  I 2 dx   2 x  k 
0 1
 Ane  An
 
5  0.10 II G
or Fm  5
10  1029
N  5 1025 N  0 1 2 dx iˆ   kˆ 
2 x   
 
asdx  dxiˆ 
(as A = cross-sectional area of the wire
 I I  G G  I I a b
1 
 105 m 2 , n  free electron density   0 1 2 dx  ˆj ; F   dF   0 1 2  dx 
 2 x   2 x 
 10 29 m 3 )
a

137. As F- mg when the bar is just ready to levitate, ˆj   0 I1 I 2 In  1  b   ˆj

IIB  mg or  2 
  a 
G
mg 0.750  9.8 F point upward as indicated by ĵ
I  A  32.67 A
lB 0.5  0.45 q q
  IR  32.67 25 V  817V 167. M  inAand i  ; 168. M  inAand i 
T T
d
170. No work is done to rotate the loop about an
x JJG
0 i1i 2 i d axis perpendicular to its plane as M is
149. F   l ; 150. 2
 1 ; 152. x 
2 r i1 i directed along the axis. Work is done only
2
1
i1 when the plane of the loop rotates.
mg  ii 185.   BAIN cos  186.   BAIN cos 
153. B  154. F  0 1 2  l 187.   BAIN cos  188.   BiAn cos 900
il 2 r
155. In the first case the two fields are in opposite 189. Here l  0.02m, B  5 102 T , I  0.1A
directions and take the difference as the Area of the triangular coil,
resultant field. In the next case, the two fields 1 G G 1
are in the same direction and add up A  l  l  l  l sin 600 
2 2
d 1 1
 l 2 sin 600  0.02m  0.865 
2
0 i1i 2 mg x
156.  157. i
2 r l
2
1 2 2
i1 4
G G G G G  1.732  10 m 2

158. As FAB   FDC , FAB  FDC  0 (as angle between the sides of an equilateral
triangle is 600 )

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Couple acting on the coil, ;   IAB cos  232. V  iR

 0.1A 1.732  104 m 2 5  102 T  cos 00 G
233. S 
 0.866  106 N m n 1
(   00 as magnetic field is parallel to the  1mA 
plane of the coil )
234. Here I g    150div   15mA
 10div 
201.   I 202.    BAIN  1mA 
 NAB Vg    150div   75mV
203.  204. c  NiAB  2div 
i C
Vg 75mV
205. Let CS and VS be the original current G   5
sensitivity and voltage sensitivity of MCG Ig 15mA
Changed current sensitivity (a) I ( current to be measured)
50 3
CS1  CS  CS  CS ; Since VS  CS  6A 
100 2 R   150div   900 A
changed voltage sensitivity, i.e.,  div 
CS 1 3 / 2 CS I 900 A 900 A
As n  I  15mA  15 103 A  6 10
4
VS 1  
2R 2R g

3  CS  G 5 5
    0.75VS  75%  75%VS S    8.3 105 
4 R  n  1 6 10  1 6 10
4 4

Thus, voltage sensitivity decreases by 25%

(b) V ( voltage to be measured )
G G
218. S  219. S   1V 
n 1 i
1
  150div   150V
ig  div 
V 150V 150V
As n  V  75mV  75 103V  2 10
3
G S
220. S 
i
221. Ig  I  g
1 GS
ig R  G n  1  5 2  103  1

GS G  5 2000  1  9995
222. Reff  223. S 
GS i G
1
ig 235. S 
n 1
G G G
224. S  225. S  236. S 
n 1 i n 1
1
ig G
237. S 
V  V  n 1
226. R    G  227. R    G  2 m
 Ig  238. T 
 Ig    Bq
V  mv 1 2
228. R    G  229. R  G n  1 239. r  ; KE  mv
 Ig  Bq 2
V Bq
230. R  G 231. R  n  1G 240. n 
ig 2 m

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EXERCISE 6. A coil of radius  meters, 100 turns carries

STUDENT a current of 3A. The magnetic induction
at a point on its axis at a distance equal
PRACTICE QUESTIONS to 3 times its radius from its centre is
1) 7.2X10-6wbm-2 2) 7.4X10-6wbm-2
AMPERE’S CIRCUITAL LAW 3) 7.5X10 wbm
-6 -2
4) 7.83X10-6wbm-2
BIOT-SAVART’S LAW AND ITS current is passed through it, then the dipole
APPLICATIONS moment of this new coil is
1. A north pole of strength  A m, is moved 1) M / 2 2) M / 4 3) M 4) 2 M
around a circle or radius 10 cm which lies 7. A current of 30A is flowing in a vertical
straight wire. If the horizontal component
around a long straight conductor carrying
of earths magnetic field is 2  105 T, then
a current of 10 A. The work done in moving
the position of null point will be
it by 2 revolutions is
1) 0.9m 2) 0.3mm 3) 0.3cm 4) 0.3m
1) 4  J 2) 80  J 3) 400  J 4) 0.4  J 8. The magnetic field at the centre of the coil
2. Two long straight conductors carry in the figure shown below is (the wires
currents 4 A and 2 A into the plane of paper. crossing at P are insulated from each other)
A circular path is imagined to be enclosing
these currents. The value of v B.dl is
1) 6 0 2) 7 0 3) 5 0 4) 2 0
3. Three long straight conductors are kept  0 2I  0 2I
perpendicular to the plane of paper. 1) 4 r (1   ) 2) 4 r (  1)
Currents 2 A, 3 A are passing through the
two conductors into the plane of paper in  0 2I 2  0 2 I
first two conductors and 5 A current passes 3) 4 r (  1) 4) 4 r
through third conductor, directed out of the
paper. A closed loop encloses the 9. Due to a straight vertical current carrying
conductors, then the value of v B.dl over conductor, a null point occurred at P on east
the closed loop is (assume current into the of the conductor. The net magnetic
paper as negative and out of the paper as induction at a point ‘Q’ which is at same
distance on north of the conductor is
positive)
1)0 2) 3BH 3) BH 4) 2 BH
1) 20 2) zero 3)  0 4)  0
10. The wire shown in figure carries a current
4. A long straight wire carries an electric of 40A. If r=3.14cm the magnetic field at
current of 2A. The magnetic induction at point p will be
a perpendicular distance of 5 m from the
wire is ( 0 =4  x10-7 Hm–1)
1) 4x10-8 T 2) 8x10-8 T
3)12x10-8T 4) 16x10-8T
5. A current of 2 amperes is flowing through
a circular coil of radius 10 cm containing
100 turns. The magneitc flux density at the
centre of the coil is (in wb / m 2 )
1) 1.6  103 T 2) 3.2  103 T
1) 0.126  102 2) 1.26  102
3) 1.26 104 4) 1.26  105 3) 6  104 T 4) 4.8  103 T

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11. The magnetic field at the centre of 15. Two concentric coils of 10 turns each are
semicircle o in the figure is placed in the same plane. Their radii are
20cm and 40cm and carry 0.2 and 0.3 amp.
current respectively in opposite directions.
The magnetic induction (in Tesla) at the
centre is
0i 0i 3 5 7 9
1) B  (1  2 )
2) 1) 0 2) 0 3) 0 4) 0
4r 4r 4 4 4 4
0i 0i
3) (  2) 4) (  2)
4 r 4 r
12. A cube made of wire of equal length is 1) 2 2) 1 3) 2 4) 2 5) 1
connected to a battery as shown in the 6) 3 7) 4 8) 1 9) 4 10) 3
figure. The magnetic field at the centre of 11) 4 12) 4 13) 4 14) 2 15) 1
the cube is
TANGENT GALVANOMETER
16. Two tangent galvanometers having coils
of the same radius are connected in series.
A current flowing in them produces
deflections of 600 and 450 respectively.
The ratio of the number of turns in the coils
are respectively
12 0 I 6 0 I 6 0 I
1) 2) 3) 4) zero 3 1 3 1 1
2 L 2 L L 1) 2) 3) 4)
13. In Bohr's model of hydrogen atom, the 1 3 1 3 1
electron circulates round the nucleus in a 17. A tangent galvanometer carrying a certain
path of radius 5 x 10-11m at a frequency of current gave a deflection of 300 . If the
6.8x1015 revolutions per second. The value galvanometer is taken to another location
of magnetic induction at the centre of the where the earth’s horizontal component of
orbit is magnetic induction is one third of the
previous value, the deflection for the same
1) 12.27 T 2) 10.8 T 3) 13.2 T 4) 13.6T current will be
14. In the given loop the magnetic field at the
1) 600 2) 450 3) 900 4) 300
centre O is

16) 1 17) 1

SOLENOID & TOROID

18. A long solenoid has 200 turns per cm and
0 I  r1  r2  carries a current i. the magnetic field at
1) 
4  r1r2 
 out of the page
its centre is 6.28  10 2 Wb / m 2 . another
0 I  r1  r2  long solenoid has 100 turns per cm and it
2) 
4  r1r2 
 into the page
carries a current i/3. The value of the
0 I  r1  r2  magnetic field at its centre is
3) 
4  r1r2 
 out of the page
1) 1.05  10 4 Wb / m 2 2) 1.05  10 2 Wb / m 2
0 I  r1  r2 
4) 
4  r1r2 
 into the page 3) 1.05  10 5Wb / m 2 4) 1.05  10 6 Wb / m 2

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19. A solenoid of 1000 turns is wound uniformly 24. A proton moving with a velocity of
on a glass tube 50 cm long and 10 cm
2  106 ms 1 describes a circle of radius R
diameter. The strength of magnetic field at
in a magnetic field. The speed of an  -
the centre of solenoid when a current of 0.1
particle to describe a circle of same radius
A. flows through it is
in the same magnetic field is
1) 100 A/m 2) 200 A/m 1) 1X106m/s 3) 2X106m/s
3) 400 A/m 4) 50 A/m 3) 4X106m/s 4) 8X106m/s
20. A long solenoid has 200 turns per cm and 25. A particle of charge 16  1018 coulomb
carries a current i.The magnetic field at its moving with velocity 10m/s along the
centre is 6.28 102 wb / m 2 . Another long x-axis enters a region where a magnetic
solenoid has 100 turns per cm and it field of induction B is along the y-axis, and
carries a current i/3.The value of magnetic an electric field of magnitude 10Vm 1 is
field at its centre is along the negative Z-axis. If the charged
particle continues moving along the
1) 1.05 102 wb / m 2 2) 1.05 105 wb / m 2
X-axis, the magnitude of B is
3) 1.05103 wb / m2 4) 1.05104 wb / m2 1) 1 Wb/m2 2) 105 Wb / m 2
3) 106Wb / m 2 4) 103Wb / m 2
26. A proton is rotating along a circular path
with kinetic energy K in a uniform
18) 2 19) 2 20) 1 magnetic field B.If the magnetic field is
made four times, the kinetic energy of
FORCE ACTING ON A MOVING rotation of proton is
CHARGE IN MAGNETIC FIELD 1) 16K 2) 8K 3) 4K 4) K
27. A proton moving in a perpendicular
21. A proton and an  -particle enter a uniform magnetic field possesses kinetic energy E.
magnetic field at right angles to the field The magnetic field is increased 8 times.
with same speed. The ratio of the periods But the proton is constrained to move in
of  -particle and proton is the path of same radius. The kinetic
energy will increase
1) 1:1 2) 1:4 1) 1/8 times 2) 8 times
3) 1:2 4) 2:1 3) 16 times 4) 64 times
22. A proton takes 10 -12s to complete one 28. Electrons accelerated by a potential
revolution in uniform magnetic field. The difference V enter a uniform magnetic field
time taken in another orbit of double the of flux density B at right angles to the field.
radius in the same field is They describe a circular path of radius ‘r’.
1) 0.5X10-12 sec 2) 2X10-12sec If now V is doubled and B is also doubled,
the radius of the new circular path is
3) 4X10-12sec 4) 10-12sec 1) 4r 2) 2r 3) 2 2r 4) r / 2
23. A charged particle, having charge q 29. An electron is shot in steady electric and
accelerated through a potential difference magnetic fields such that its velocity is V.
V enters a perpendicular magnetic field in Electric field E and magnetic field B are
which it experiences a force F. If V is mutually perpendicular. The magnitude of
increased to 5 V,the particle will experience E is 1 volt/cm and that of B is 2 tesla. Now
a force it happens that the Lorentz (Magnetic)
force cancels with the electro static force
1) F 2) 5 F 3) F/ 5 4) 5F on the electron , then the velocity of the
electron is

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1) 50 ms–1 2) 2 cms–1 FORCE BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL

3) 0.5 cms –1
4) 200ms–1 CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTORS
30. A beam of protons enters a uniform
magnetic field of 0.3 T with a velocity of 35. Two parallel conductors carrying 5A each,
4  105 m / sec in a direction making an repel with a force of 0.25Nm 1 . The
angle of 600 with the direction of magnetic distance between them is
field, the pitch of the helix will be 1) 4  105 m 2) 3  10 5 m
1) 4.7m 2) 0.47m 3) 0.047m 4) 0.0047 m 3) 2  10 m 5 4) 1 10 5 m
36. Two straight parallel wires carry currents
31. A uniform magnetic field B is acting from of 200 mA and 1A in opposite directions. If
south to north and is of magnitude 1.5 Wb/ the wires are 20cm apart, the distance of
m2. If a proton having mass = 1.7 1027 kg the neutral point from the 1A wire is (in cm)
and charge = 1.6  1019 C moves in this 1) 5 2) 15 3) 20 4) 25
field vertically downwards with energy 5 37. Two long parallel copper wires carry
MeV, then the force acting unit will be currents of 5A each in the opposite
direction. If the wires are separated by a
1) 7.4 1012 N 2) 7.4  1012 N distance of 0.5 m, then the force between
3) 7.4 1019 N 4) 7.4  1019 N the two wires is
1) 10-5 N/m attractive
32. An electron travelling with a velocity 2)10-5 N/m repulsive
V  107 i m / s enter a magnetic field of 3) 2x10-6 N/m attractive
4) 2x10-5 N/m repulsive.
induction B = 2 j . The force on electron is
38. A uniform conducting wire ABC has a mass
1) 1.6x10-12 j N 2) 3.2x10-12 k N of 10g. A current of 2A flows through it.
the wire is kept in a uniform magnetic field
3) 6.4x10-12 k N 4) -3.2x10-12 k N
i.e., of induction to 2T, then acceleration is
33. A magnetic field 4 X 103 KT ˆ exerts a force
(4iˆ  3 ˆj )  10 N on a particle having a charge
 10

109 C and going in the X-Y plane. The

velocity of the particle is
1) 75iˆ  100 ˆj 2) 100iˆ  75 ˆj
3) 75iˆ  100 ˆj 4) 100iˆ  75 ˆj
1) Zero
FORCE ON A CURRENT CARRYING
CONDUCTOR IN A MAGNETIC FIELD 2) 12 ms-2 along y-axis
3) 1.2  10 3 ms 2 along y-axis
34. A straight wire of length 0.5 metre and
carrying a current of 1.2 ampere is placed 4) 0.6  10 3 ms 2 along y-axis
in a uniform magnetic field of induction 2 39. A straight conductor carrying a current is
tesla. If the magnetic field is perpendicular
to the length of the wire, the force acting kept in a uniform magnetic field so as to
on the wire is experience maximum force. If now the
1) 2.4 N 2) 1.2 N 3) 3.0 N 4) 2.0 N conductor is turned in its own plane such
that the force acting on it is half of the
maximum force, then the angle made by
21) 4 22) 4 23) 4 24) 1 25) 1 the conductor in the final position with
26) 4 27) 4 28) 4 29) 1 30) 3 respect to the field is
31) 2 32) 4 33) 1 34) 2 1) 60° 2) 45° 3) 30° 4) 90°

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40. Two long parallel wires are separated by a

1) 8 3 × 10- 3 N m 2) 8 × 10- 3 N m
distance of 2 m. They carry a current of
1A each in opposite direction. The 3) 8 3 × 10- 4 N m 4) 8 × 10- 4 N m
magnetic induction at the midpoint of a 45. A rectangular coil of wire carrying a current
straight line connecting these two wires is is suspended in a uniform magnetic field.
1) zero 2) 2x10-7 T The plane of the coil is making an angle of
30° with the direction of the field and the
3) 4x10-5T 4) 4x10-7T
41. Three very long straight thin wires are torque experienced by it is  1 and when
connected parallel to each other through a the plane of the coil is making an angle of
60° with the direction of the field the torque
battery of negligible internal resistance.
The resistance of the wires are 2,3 experienced by it is  2 . Then the ratio
and 4 . The ratio of distances of middle 1 :  2 is
wire from the first and third wires if 1) 1 : 3 2) 3 :1 3) 1 : 3 4) 3 : 1
resultant magnetic force on the middle wire 46. A vertical rectangular coil of sides 5cm x
is zero is 2cm has 10turns and carries a current of
1) 2 : 1 2) 3 : 4 3) 2 : 3 4) 3 : 5 2A.The torque(couple) on the coil when it
is placed in a uniform horizontal magnetic
field of 0.1T with its plane perpendicular
to the field is
35 3 36) 4 37) 2 38) 2 1) 4X10-3N-m 2) Zero
39) 3 40) 4 41) 1 3) 2X10 -3
N-m 4) 10-3N-m

CURRENT LOOP AND MAGNETIC DIPOLE

44) 2 45) 2 46) 2

42. A wire of length 6.28 m is bent into a circular
coil of 2 turns. If a current of 0.5A exists in MOVING COIL GALVANO METER
the coil, the magnetic moment of the coil is, CONVERSION OF MCG INTO AMMETER
in Am 2 : AND VOLTMETER
 1
1) 2) 3)  4) 4 47. The coil in a MCG has an area of 4 cm 2
4 4
43. A wire of length 6.28 m is bent into a circular and 500 turns. The intensity of magnetic
coil of 2 turns. If a current of 0.5 A exists in induction is 2T. When a current of 10 4 A
the coil, the magnetic moment of the coil is, is passed through it, the deflection is 20 0 .
in A  m 2 : The couple per unit twist is (N-m)
 1
1) 2) 3)  4) 4 1) 3  106 2) 2  10 6
4 4
3) 4  10 6 4) 5  106
48. The area of the coil in a moving coil
galvanometer is 15 cm 2 and has 20 turns.
42) 1 43) 1
The magnetic induction is 0.2T and the
couple per unit twist of the suspended wire
TORQUE ON CURRENT LOOP
is 10 6 Nm per degree. If the deflection is
44. A rectangular coil of wire of area 400 cm2 450 , the current passing through it is
contains 500 turns. It is placed in a
magnetic field of induction 4  103 T and 1) 75  10 4 A 2) 7.5  10 4 A
it makes an angle 60° with the field. A
current of 0.2 A is passed through it. The 3) 0.75  10 4 A 4) 750  10 4 A
torque on the coil is

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49. The sensitivity of a galvanometer of

56. A galvanometer of internal resistance
resistance 990  is increased by 10 times.
100  has a full scale deflection current
The shunt used is of 1mA. To convert it into a voltmeter of
1) 100  2) 120  range 0-10V, the resistance to be
connected is
3) 110  4) 50 
1) 9000  in Series 2) 10,000  in Series
50. A galvanometer of resistance 50  gives
3) 9,900  in Series 4) 9,800  in Series
full scale defleciton when a current 103 A
57. When a high resistance ‘R’ is connected
is passed through it converted into an in series with a voltmeter of resistance G,
ammeter to measure 0.5 A current. the range of the voltmeter increases 5
1) 50/499  in parallel times. Then G:R will be
1) 4:1 2) 1:2 3) 8:1 4) 1:4
2) 9/20  in parallel
58. A galvano metre required 10 A for one
3) 2/99  in parallel division of its scale. It is to be used to
4) 20/99  in parallel measure a current of 1 amp to the full scale
51. A galvanometer of resistance 20  is deflection. The scale has 100 divisions.
The value of shunt if the resistance of the
shunted by 2  resister. The part of the
main current flows through the meter is galvanometer is 999
1) 1/10 part 2) 1/11 part 1) 2 2) 3 3) 1 4) 4
59. The scale of a galvanometer of resistance
3) 1/12 part 4) 1/13 part
100 ohms contains 25 divisions. It gives a
52. A galvanometer has a resistance 50  and deflection of one division on passing a
is shunted by a 0.5  resistor. The fraction current of 4 x 10–4 amperes. The resistance
of the main current that flows through the in ohms to be added to it, so that it may
galvanometer is become a voltmeter of range 2.5 volts is
1) 1/100 2) 1/101 3) 1/10 4) 1/11 1) 100 2) 150 3) 250 4) 300
53. A galvanometer with a coil resistance of 60. A micro ammeter has a resistance of 100
100  gives a full scale deflection when a  and a full scale range of 50  A. It can
current of 1 mA is passed through it. The be used as a voltmeter or as a higher
resistance of the shunt needed in ohm to range ammeter provided a resistance is
convert this galvanometer into an added to it. Pick the current range and
ammeter of range 10 A is nearly resistance combinations.
1) 0.01 2) 0.001 3) 0.1 4) 0.099 1) 50 Volt range with 10 K  resistance in
54. A galvanometer has a resistance of 49  . series
If 2% of the main current is to be passed 2) 5 Volt range with 200K  resistance in
through the meter, The value of the shunt series
will be 3) 5 mA range with 1  resistance in parallel
1) 2  2) 1  3) 1/2  4) ¼  4) 10 mA range with 1  resistance in parallel
55. In a galvanometer 5% of the total current
in the circuit passes through it. If the
resistance of the galvanometer is G, the
shunt resistance ‘S’ connected to the 47) 2 48) 1 49) 3 50) 1 51) 2
galvanometer is 52) 2 53) 1 54) 2 55) 2 56) 3
57) 4 58) 3 59) 2 60) 3
1) 19G 2) G/19 3) 20G 4) G/20

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CYCLOTRON 17. If K is the reduction factor of the galvanometer,

2rBH
61. In a cyclotron, if the frequency of proton is then K  . As BH is reduced to 1/ 3rd ,
5MHz, the magnetic field necessary for  0 n
resonance is K becomes K/3. Use i  K tan 
1) 0.528T 2) 2.32T
3) 0.389T 4) 0.327T 18. B  o ni ; 19. H  ni ; 20. B2  i2 n2
62. A cyclotron’s oscillator frequency is 10 B1 i1n1
MHz. The operating magnetic field for T m q
accelerating protons is 21. T1  m1  q2 22. 1  1  2
T2 m2 q1 T2 m2 q1
1) 0.66 T 2) 0.12 T 3) 1.67 T 4) 0.36 T
1
23. F  Bqv sin  , mv 2  Vq
2
V1 q1 m2 E Q2 B2 R2
61) 4 62) 1 24.   ; 25. V  ; 26. E 
V2 q2 m1 B 2m

2m  K .E  r1 v1 B22
27. r  ; 28. r2
 
v 2 B12
;
Bq
mv 2r
HINTS SOLUTIONS 29. r 
Bq
; 30. p  v cos  T ; T 
v sin 

1 2KE
1. W  0 mni ; 2. 0  i ; 3. v B.dl   i
o 31. F  Bqv and KE  mv 2  F  qB
2 m
0i 0 ni
4. B
2 r
; 5. B 
2r 32. F  q v  B  ; 25. F  q (v  B )
0 nir 2 i 0 i1i 2
6. B  ; 7. H  0 33. F  Bqv ; 35. F  l
  2 r 2 r
3/2
2 r x
2 2

0 I1 I 2
 ni i 36. x  d ; 37. F  l
8. B  B1  B2 ; B1  0 ; B2  0 i2
1
2 r
2r 2r i1
9. R  B 2  BH2  BH2  BH2  2 BH 38. Force on the wire F  Bil  2  2  3  10 2

0i 3  I  Fmax 1
10. B    ;
B  0  39. F ;  sin   ; 40. B  B1  B2
4r 4  2r  2 2
0i 0i 0i 41. As the wires are parallel,
11. B  B1  B2  B3   
4r 4r 4r
1 1 1
12. Magnetic field is zero at the centre due to I1 : I 2 : I 3  : :  6 : 4 : 3
symmetrical current distribution 2 3 4
Force between first second & second, third
13. B  0 ne where n is the frequency F 0 I1 I 2
2r
wires are equal 
i i  I r r  l 2 r
14. B  B1  B2  0  0 ; Btotal  0  1 2 
4r1 4r2 4  r1r2  42. M  NI  r 2 ; l  2 r  N ; 43. M  niA
n i
15. B  0 44.   BAIn cos  ; 45.   BAIn cos 
2r
2B r 46.   BAIn cos  ; 47.    BAIn
16. I  K tan  , K  H ; tan   n
0 n 48.    BAIn

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G G 3. Current sensitivity of a moving coil

49. S  50. S  galvanometer is 5 div/mA and its voltage
n  1 n  1
sensitivity (angular deflection per unit
iS iS voltage applied) is 20 div/V. The resistance
51. ig  52. ig 
GS GS of the galvanometer is [NEET 2018]
iS iS 1) 250  2) 25  3) 40  4) 500 
53. ig  54. ig 
GS GS 4. A 250-Turn rectangular coil of length 2.1
iS V cm and width 1.25 cm carries a current of
55. ig  56. R   G
GS ig 85  A and subjected to a magnetic field
of strength 0.85 T. Work done for rotating
G V
57. S  G ; 58. S  ; 59. R   G the coil by 1800 against the torque is
n 1 i ig [NEET 2017]
1
ig 1) 9.1 J 2) 4.55 J
G Bq Bq 3) 2.3 J 4) 1.15 J
60. S ; 61. f  ; 62. f  5. An arrangement of three parallel straight
i
1 2 m 2 m
ig wires placed perpendicular to plane of
paper carrying same current ‘I’ along the
@ WORK AT HOME same direction is shown in Fig. Magnitude
of force per unit length on the middle wire
PREVIOUS EXAMS QUESTIONS ‘B’ is given by [NEET 2017]

1. A cylindrical conductor of radius R is

carrying a constant current. The plot of
the magnitude of the magnetic field. B with
the distance d from the centre of the
conductor, is correctly represented by the
figure: [NEET 2019] 0 I 2 2 0 I 2 2 0 I 2 0 I 2
1) 2) 3) 4)
B B 2 d d d 2 d
6. A long wire carrying a steady current is
1) 2)
bent into a loop of one turn. The magnetic
R d R d field at the centre of the loop is B. It is
then bent into a circular coil of n turns. The
B B magnetic field at the centre of this coil of n
turns will be [NEET 2016(2)]
3) 4)
1) 2n 2 B 2) nB 3) n 2 B 4) 2nB
R d R d
7. An electron is moving in a circular path
2. Ionized hydrogen atoms and  -particles under the influence of a transverse
with same momenta enters perpendicular magnetic field of 3.57  102 T . If the value
to a constant magnetic field, B. The ratio of e/m is 1.76  1011 C/kg, the frequency of
of their radii of their paths rH : r will be : revolution of the electron is
[NEET 2019] [NEET 2016(2)]
1) 6.82 MHz 2) 1 GHz
1) 2 : 1 2) 1 : 2
3) 100 MHz 4) 62.8 MHz
3) 4 : 1 4) 1 : 4

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8. A long straight wire of radius a carries a 1

0
steady current I. The current is uniformly
distributed over its cross-section. The ratio
1)
0 2 2
2d

I1  I2 
2 2)
2d
I1 /I2 
of the magnetic fields B and B’, at radial
distances (a/2) and 2a respectively, from 3)
0
2d
I1  I2  4)
2d

0 2 2
I1  I2 
the axis of the wire is [NEET 2016(1)] 12. A current loop in a magnetic field :
1 1 [NEET 2013]
1) 2) 3) 1 4) 4
4 2 1) can be in equilibrium in one orientation
9. A square loop of ABCD carrying a current 2) can be in equilibrium in two orientations,
i, is placed near and coplanar with a long both the equilibrium states are unstable.
straight conductor XY carrying a current 3) can be in equilibrium in two orientations, one
I, the net force on the loop will be stable while the other is unstable.
[NEET 2016(1)] 4) experiences a torque whether the field is
Y B C uniform or non uniform in all orientations.
13. An alternating electric field, of frequency
I i
v, is applied across the Dees (radius = R)
of a cyclotron that is being used to
A D
L accelerate proton (mass = m). The
X L/2
operating magnetic field (B) used in the
2 o Ii  o Ii 2 o IiL  o IiL cyclotron and the kinetic energy (K) of
1) 2) 3) 4) the proton beam, produced by it, are given
3 2 3 2
10. A wire carrying current I has the shape as by: [AIPMT Pre. 2012]
shown in adjoining fig. Linear parts of the 2m
wire are very long and parallel to X-axis 1) B  and K  m 2 R 2
e
while semicircular portion of radius R is
2m
lying in Y-Z plane. Magnetic field at point O is 2) B  and K  2m2  2 R 2
e
G
1) B  
0 I ˆ
4 R

i  2kˆ  [AIPMT 2015] 3) B 
m
and K  m 2 R 2
e
G  I
2) B  0
4 R

ˆi  2kˆ  4) B 
m
e
and K  2m2  2 R 2

G  I 14. Two similar coils of radius R are lying

3) B  0
4 R

ˆi  2kˆ  concentrically with their planes at right
angles to each other. The currents flowing
G in them are I and 2I, respectively. The
4) B   0
 I ˆ
4 R

i  2kˆ  resultant magnetic field induction at the
centre will be: [AIPMT Pre. 2012]
11. Two identical long conducting wires AOB
and COD are placed at right angle to each 30 I 0 I 0 I 5 0 I
1) 2) 3) 4)
other, with one above other such that ‘O’ 2R 2R R 2R
is their common point for the two. The wires 15. Charge q is uniformly spread on a thin ring
carry I1 and I2 currents, respectively. Point of radius R. The ring rotates about its axis
‘P’ is lying at distance ‘d’ from ‘O’ along a
direction perpendicular to the plane con- with a uniform frequency f Hz. The
taining the wires. The magnetic field at the magnitude of magnetic induction at the
point ‘P’ will be” [AIPMT 2014] center of the ring is: [AIPMT 2011]

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 0 qf  0q  0q  0 qf
1) 2) 3) 4) B2 2VB2 2VE 2 E2
2R 2fR 2fR 2R 1) 2 2) 2 3) 2 4)
2VE E B 2VB2
16. A square loop, carrying a steady current I,
is placed in a horizontal plane near a long 20. A thin ring of radius R meter has charger
straight conductor carrying a steady q coulomb uniformly spread on it. The ring
current I 1 at a distance d from the rotates about its axis with a constant
conductor as shown in figure. The loop will frequency of f revolutions/s. The value of
experience [AIPMT 2011] magnetic induction Wb/m2 at the centre of
the ring is [AIPMT 2010]
I1
d  0 qf q 0q  0 qf
I 1) 2) 0 3) 4)
2R 2fR 2fR 2R
21. A galvanometer has a a coil resistance 100
ohm and gives a full scale deflection for
30 mA current. If it is to work as a
I
1) a net repulsive force away from the voltmeter of 30 volt rang, the resistance
conductor required to be added will be [AIPMT 2010]
2) a net torque acting upward perpendicular 1) 900  2) 1800 
to the horizontal plane 3) 500  4) 1000 
3) a net torque acting downward normal to
the horizontal plane 22. A square current carrying loop is
4) a net attractive force towards the conductor suspended in a uniform magnetic field
17. A uniform electric field and a uniform acting in the plane of the loop. If the force
magnetic field are acting along the same G
direction in a certain region. If an electron on one arm of the loop is F, the net force
is projected in the same direction then the on the remaining three arms of the loop is
electron [AIPMT 2011] [AIPMT 2010]
1) speed will increase G G G G
2) will turn towards left of direction of motion 1) 3F 2) F 3) 3F 4) F
3) will turn towards right of direction of motion 23. The magnetic force acting on a charged
4) speed will decrease particle of charge -2mc in a magnetic field
18. A current carrying closed loop in the form
of 2T acting in y direction, when the
of a right angle isosceles triangle ABC is
placed in a uniform magnetic field acting particle velocity is (2iˆ  3j)
ˆ  106 ms 1 , is
along AB. If the magnetic force on the arm [AIPMT 2009]
BC is F , the force on the arm AC is: 1) 8 N in -z direction 2) 4N in z direction
A [AIPMT 2011]
3) 8 N in y direction 4) 8 N in z direction
24. A galvanometer having a coil resistance
B C
G of 60  shows full scale deflection when a
G
1) F 2)2 F current of 1.0 amp passes through it. It can
G G
3)  2 F 4)  F be converted into an ammeter to read
19. A beam of cathode rays is subjected to currents upto 5.0 amp by [AIPMT 2009]
crossed Electric (E) and Magnetic fields 1) putting in parallel a resistance of 240 
(B). The fields are adjusted such that the 2) putting in series a resistance of 15 
beam is not deflected. The specific charge
of the cathode rays is given by 3) putting in series a resistance of 240 
[AIPMT 2010] 4) putting in parallel a resistance of 15 

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25. A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 29. A closed loop PQRS carrying a current is
10 W and the meter shows full scale placed in a uniform magnetic field. If the
deflection for a current of 1mA. The shunt magnetic forces on segments PS, SR and
resistance required to convert the galva- RQ are F1, F2 and F3 respectively and are
nometer into an ammeter of range in the plane of the paper and along the
0-100mA is about [DPMT 2009] directions shown, the force on the segment
1) 10  2) 1  QP is [AIPMT 2008]
3) 0.1  4) 0.01  Q

26. A long straight wire of a circular cross-

P
section (radius a) carries a steady current F3
F1
I and the current I is uniformly distributed
across this cross-section. Which of the S R

following plots represents the variation of F2

magnitude of magnetic field B with 1) F3 – F1 + F2 2) F3 – F1 – F2
distance r from the centre of the wire?
3) (F3  F1 ) 2  F22 4) (F3  F1 ) 2  F22
[DPMT 2009]
30. A galvanometer of resistance 50  is
B B
connected to a battery of 3V along with a
resistance of 2950  in series. A full scale
1) 2) deflection of 30 divisions is obtained in the
galvanometer. In order to reduced this
a r a r deflection to 20 divisions, the resistance
in series should be [AIPMT 2008]
B B
1) 4450  2) 5050 
3) 5550  4) 6050 
3) 4) 31. Under the influence of a uniform magnetic
field a charged particle is moving in a
a r a r circle of radius R with constant speed V.
The time period of the motion
27. The gyromagnetic ratio of an electron of
[AIPMT 2007]
charge e and mass m is equal to
1) depends on K and not on V
[DPMT 2009] 2) depends on V and not on R
3) depends on both R and V
e2 e
1) 2) 4) is independent of both R and V
2m 2m2
32. A charged particle (charge q) is moving in
e e a circle of radius R with uniform speed v.
3) 4)
4m 2m The associated magnetic moment µ is
28. A particle of mass m, charge Q and kinetic given by [AIPMT 2007]
energy T enters a transverse uniform 1) qvR 2) qvR/2 3)qvR2 4) qvR2/2
G 33. A beam of electrons passes undeflected
magnetic field of induction B . After 3
seconds the kinetic energy of the particle through mutually perpendicular electric
and magnetic fields. If the electric field is
will be [AIPMT 2008] switched off, and the same magnetic field
1) 4 T 2) 3 T 3) 2 T 4) T is maintained, the electrons move
[AIPMT 2007]

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1) along a straight line 2) in an elliptical orbit Straight line passing through origin
3) in a circular orbit At surface (d = R) .....(ii)
4) along a parabolic path Maximum at surface
34. In a mass spectrometer used for Outside (d > R)
measuring the masses of ions, the ions are
initially accelerated by an electric potential 0 i 1
V and then made to describe semicircular B or B  (Hyperbolic)
paths of radius R using a magnetic field B. 2 d d
If V and B are kept constant the ratio p
p p r r 2
 charge on the ion 
2. rH  ; r  ;
H
 eB ; H 
  will be proportional to eB 2eB r p r 1
 mass of the ion 
2eB
[AIPMT 2007] NBA
3. Current sensitivity I S 
1 1 2 C
1) R 2) 3) 2 4) R
R R
NBA
Voltage sensitivity VS 
CRG
So, resistance of galvanometer
1) 3 2) 1 3) 1 4) 1 5) 4
IS 5 1 5000
6) 3 7) 2 8) 3 9) 1 10) 1 RG   3
  250 
11) 1 12) 2 13) 2 14) 4 15) 1 VS 20 10 20
16) 4 17) 4 18) 4 19) 4 20) 4 4. W  MB cos  FRV 
1 2
21) 1 22) 2 23) 1 24) 4 25) 3
26) 1 27) 4 28) 4 29) 3 30) 1 When it is rotated by angle 180º then
W = 2MB = 2 (NIA)B=9.1 J
31) 4 32) 2 33) 3 34) 3 5. Force between BC and AB will be same in
magnitude.

HINTS SOLUTIONS 0 I 2
FBC  FBA 
2 d
1.
0 I 2  I2
d F  2FBC  2FBC  2 ; F 0
2 d 2 d
 oi  oi 2   o i
6. B  
2R 2 l  l
B

R
O R d

Inside (d < R)
Magnetic field inside conductor  o ni  o ni n 2 o i
B’     n2B
0 i 2r  l  l
B d or B  Kd .....(i) 2 
2 R 2  2n 

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13. ' proton will change its velocity oppositely in

r time equal to half time period of AC source.
R 2R
i  v v  v  2R
T/2 T
mV V qB  1 qB m 2R 
7. R ;   ;f  . mv 2m
qB R m 2 2 m 'R  R B
eB eB e
1.76  1011  3.57  102  1
K  mv 2  m 2R   2m 2 R 2
2
  109 Hz
2  3.14  2 2
0 I 2 I 5
 o Ix a oI 14. B  B12  B22  1  22  0
8. Binside  2 ;
x , B1  2R 2R
2a 2 4a
0 I  qf
I I 15.  ; I  qf ;   0
Bout side  o ; x = 2a ; B2  o 2r 2R
2x 4a
16. F = I × l × B ; B is near the wire.
9. Force on wire BE will be cancel out by the
force on the wire AD. So a net attractive force towards the
conductor is there.
 o Ii L   o Ii
FAB   attractive  G G
2  L / 2   17. as v || B no magnetic force
G G
as Fe  e E (speed is decreased)
 o Ii L   Ii
FCD   o repulsive  18. For an a current carrying loop in magnetic
2 3L / 2  3
field = 0
G
 o Ii  1  2 o Ii Fnet  0
 Fnet  1    G G G G
  3 3 ' Fnet  FAB  FBC  FAC
G G G JJG
10. B1 = magnetic field at O due to current in ' FAB  0 (Angle between B & dl  0 )
G G
parallel wires So, FAC   FBC   F
G
B2 = magnetic field due to semi-circular wire 19. Bq  qE ...(i)
G G G E 1
B1  B1  B2  ; m  qV
2

B 2

2R

 0i ˆ  0i ˆ
k 
4R

i
i   0 ˆi  2kˆ
4R
  1 E2
m 2  qV ;
2 B
q E2
 2
m 2B V
G 0 2I1 ˆ
11. B1 
4 d
 
j C 20. B
0i  0 q


  0 qf
2R 2R T 2R
I2
G  2I
B2  0 1 ˆi
4 d
 A O
I1
B
21. R g  100  , i g  30 m , V = 30 V

 V 
B  B12  B22 R se    1 R g
D  ig R g 
 
0
 I12  I22
2d  30 
 3
 1  100  900
12. Conceptual  30  10  100 

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22. FBC  FAD  0

33. e– will moves undeflected in a crossed
B C G G G G G G
E & B . Where v  E  B . If E is switched
G
off, vG  B , so e– will make circular motion.
A D mv 2mE 2mqV
B 34. r  
G G qB qB qB
FAB   FCD
G G G 2mV q V2 q 1
23. F  q(v  B)  2  106 (2iˆ  3 ˆj )  106  2Tjˆ r2  2
  2 2  2
qB m r B m r
 8kˆ(8N along  ve z-axis)
Ig
24. S=
I  Ig
G
1
5 1
60  15 multi model
It should be connected in parallel. questions
Ig 1 10
25. S= G  10   0.1
I  Ig 100  1 100 1. A particle of charge +q and mass m moving
under the influence of a uniform electric
μ0 2I μ 2T 1  
26. Bin  r  Bin  r ; Bout  0  Bout  field E i and a uniform magnetic field B k
4 R2
4 r r
follows trajectory from P to Q as shown in
1 1 
27. M= evr = e(mvr) figure. The velocities at P and Q v i and
2 2m 

e M e 2v j respectively. Which of the following

M  L  statement(s) is/are correct
2m L 2m
28. As work done in a magnetic field is zero, its
kinetic energy doesn’t change.
29. Net force on closed loop is zero.
G G G G
F1  F2  F3  F4  0
G G G G
 | F4 || F1  F2  F3 |

 F4  ( F3  F1 ) 2  F22
30. Current in case of 30 division
3V 33
= (2950  50)  3000  10 A
3 mv 2
1) E 
So current for 20 division 4 qa
103 2
  20  103 A
30 3 2) Rate of work done by electric field at P is
2 3 3 mv3
  103   R  4450
3 ( R  50) 4 a
3) Rate of work done by electric field at P is
2 R 2 mV m
31. T   2 zero
V qBV qB
4) Rate of work done by both the fields at Q
T is independent of v and R.
is zero
qV 1
32. µ = IA =  R2  μ  qvR
2 R 2

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2. Two coaxial solenoids 1 and 2 of the same 1) The forces on AB and DC are zero
length are set so that one is inside the 2) The forces on AD and BC are zero
other. The number of turns per unit length 3) The magnitude of the net force on the loop
are n1 and n2. The currents i1 and i2 are 0 II1   
flowing in opposite directions. The is given by  2(b  a )  (a  b) 
4  3 
magnetic field inside the inner coil is zero.
4) The magnitude of the net force on the loop
This is possible when
0 II1  b  a 
1) i1  i2 and n1  n2 is given by
4  ab 
2) i1  i2 and n1  n2
3) i1  i2 and n1  n2 4) i1n1  i2 n2 4. A current carrying loop is placed in the non-
3. A current loop ABCD is fix on the plane of uniform magnetic field whose variation in
the paper as shown in the figure. The arcs space is shown in figure. Direction of
BC (radius = b) and DA (radius = a) of the magnetic field is into the plane of paper. the
loop are joined by two straight wires AB and magnetic force experienced by the loop is
CD. A steady current I is flowing in the loop.
Angle made by AB and CD at the origin O is
300. Another straight thin wire with steady
current I1, flowing out of the plane of the paper
1) non-zero 2) zero
is kept at the origin. 3) cannot say anything 4) none of the above
5. Electric field strength E  E0iˆ and
B  B0iˆ exists in a region. A charge is
projected with a velocity v  v0 ˆj at origin,
then
1) It moves along helix with constant pitch
2) It moves along circular path in YZ plane
3) It moves along helix with increasing pitch
4) It moves along helix with decreasing pitch
a) The magnitude of the magnetic field (B) 6. Two moving coil meters, M 1 and M 2 have
due to loop ABCD at the origin (O) is following particulars:
0 (b  a)i R 1  1 0  , N 1  3 0 , A1
1) zero 2)
24ab  3.6  103 m 2 , B1  0.25T
0 I b  a  R2  10, N 2  42, A2
3)  ab 
4  1.8  10 3 m 2 , B2  0.50T
0 I
   (The spring constants are identical for two
4)
4  2(b  a )  3 (a  b)  meters). The ratio of (i) current sensitiv-
ity (ii) voltage sensitivity of M 2 and M 1 is
b) Due to the presence of the current I1 at
1) 1.4, 1 2) 1, 1.4
the origin
3) 1: 1 4) 1: 4

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7. A circular coil of 30 turns and radius 8.0 a) The wire intersects the axis
cm carrying a current of 6.0 A is suspended b) The wire is turned from N - S to north-
vertically in a uniform horizontal magnetic east.
field of magnitude 1.0T. The field lines Northwest direction.
make an angle of 60 with the normal of c) The wire in the N - S direction is low-
the coil. Calculate the magnitude of the ered from the axis by a distance of 6.0
counter torque that must be applied to
cm?
prevent the coil from turning.
1) 2.1N , 2.1N ,1.68 N 
1) 3.13 Nm 2) 1.13 Nm
3) 2.13 Nm 4) 4.13 Nm 2) 1.68 N , 2.1N , 2.1N 
8. Two concentric circular coils X and Y of 3) 2.1N ,1.68 N , 2.1N 
radii 16 cm and 10 cm, respectively, lie in 4) 2.1N ,1.68 N , 2.1N 
the same vertical plane containing the
north to south direction. Coil X has 20
turns and carries a current of 16 A; coil Y
has 25 turns and carries a current of 18 1) 1,2,3 2) 3,4 3a) 3 3b) 4) 1
5) 3 6) 3 7) 1 8) 3 9)3 10) 3
A. The sense of the current in X is
anticlockwise, and clockwise in Y, for an
observer looking at the coils facing west.
Give the magnitude and direction of the
net magnetic field due to the coils at their
centre nearly.
1) 1.6  105 west 2) 1.6  103 east
HINTS SOLUTIONS
3) 1.6  103 west 4) 1.6  10 5 east 1. Kinetic energy of the particle at point
9. Toroid has a core (non - ferromagnetic) 1
P  mv 2
of inner radius 25 cm and outer radius 26 2
cm, around which 3500 turns of a wire 1
K.E. of the particle at point Q  m(2v )
2

wound. If the current in the wire is 11A, 2

what is the magnetic field (a) outside the 3 2
Increase in K.E. = mv
toroid, (b) inside the core of the toroid, 2
and (c) in the empty space surrounded by It comes from the work done by the electric
force qE on the particle as it covers a distance
the toroid. 2a along the x-axis.
1) 0,0,3 102 T  2) 0, 0, 0 
3 2 3 mv 2
3) 0,3 102 T , 0  4) 3102T ,0,3102T  Thus mv  qE  2 a  E  .
2 4 qa
10. A uniform magnetic field of 1.5 T exists
The rate of work done by the electric field at
in a cylindrical region of radius 10.0 cm,
its direction parallel to the axis along east 3 mv 2
P  F  v  qE  v 
to west. A wire carrying current of 7.0 A 4 a
JG JG
in the north to south direction passes At Q, F e  qE is along x-axis while velocity
through this region. What is the magni- is along negative y-axis. Hence rate of work
tude and direction of the force on the wire done by electric field
if,

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JG G 7.
= F e  v  0 ('  900 ) . Similarly,
JG G JG
according to equation F m  q (v  B ) force
JG G
F m is also perpendicular to velocity vector v .
Hence the rate of work done by the magnetic
field = 0.
2. Bnet  B1  B2  B1  B2  0  B1  B2
 B  ni. So n1i1 = n2i2 or n1=n2 and i1=i2
3a. Net magnetic field due to loop ABCD at O is
B = BAB + BBC + BCD + BDA The given coil is circular and is suspended
0 I  I  such that field lines makes angle 60 with
B  0  0 0  normal of the coil.
4 a 6 4 b 6
Torque on the coil,   NIBA sin 
3b. The forces on AD and BC are zero because
  30  6 1   8 102   sin 60
2

magnetic field due to a straight wire on AD

and BC is parallel to elementary length of the  3.13Nm
loop. A similar torque is required to prevent the coil
from turning.
4. Force due to non-uniform magnetic field 8. The concentric coils are in the plane north to
5. It moves along a circular path in YZ plane due south. Let us decide the directions with con-
veniences in the plane of paper.
to B and along a straight line path due to E .
This combination is helix but with increasing
pitch.
6. Current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanom-
eter is defined as
 NAB
C.S  
Magnetic field at centre due to coil Y.
I k
 I 
NAB B1   0   25
and voltage sensitivity, V.S =  2r 
kR
(i) Ratio of current sensitivity  4 107 18 
B1   2 
 25  Towards west
C.S 2 N 2 B2 A2 k  2 10 10 

C.S1 N1 B1 A1k B1  2826  10 6 T  west
Magnetic field at centre due to coil X
42 1.8  0.5 103  k  I 
  1.4 B2   0  20 or
30  0.25  03.6 103  k  2r 
(ii) Ratio of voltage sensitivity
 4 107 16 
V .S 2 C.S 2  R1 7 10 B2    20 : East
 2  16 10 
2
   1
V .S1 C.S1  R2 5 14

|MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM| 71

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At centre of coils
Bnet  B1  B2  1570  106 T  West
10.
So, a magnetic field nearly 1.6  103 T will
appear at centre of the circular coil directed
towards west.

9.

The magnetic field is in the direction east to

Total turns in the toroid are given 3500. west and in the cylindrical region of radius 10
a) Outside the toroid the magnetic field is cm.
zero. a) A current carrying wire, intersects the axis.
b) Inside the core of toroid, the magnetic field Force on wire,
will be
F  IBl  IB 2r   7 1.5  2 1102
N
B  0 nl B  0 I F  2.1N Downwards.
2 r
Here r can be taken mean of inner and outer b) By turning the wire by an angle 45 in NE
radius i.e., 25.5 cm. and NW direction the force remain the same,
f  2.1 N Downwards.
So, B  4  10 3500 11  3  102 T
7
c) Now the wire is lowered from the axis by a
2 25.5  102 distance of 6.0 cm.
c) Magnetic field in the empty space sur- Length of wire inside cylindrical region is 16
rounded by the toroid is also zero. cm now.
So, the force is vertically downwards.
F  IBl  7  1.5 16 102  1.68 N ,

72 |MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM|