ACCIDENT DETECTION & ALERT SYSTEM

Prashant Kapri Shubham Patane Arul Shalom A

Abstract - Nowadays, the deaths caused by road accidents in from this system could be used to analyze and study the
urban areas are increasing considerably due to various factors. acceleration waveforms generated during the accidents.
These Death rates can be considerably reduced by providing
medical assistance immediately. The major elements that delay
the provision of medical help are traffic congestion, lack of
ambulance services, no network connectivity and negligence. To
resolve these factors, an automated response system is required.
Smartphone with their in-built sensors are excellent platforms for
building such automated systems. In our project we introduce the
Automatic Accident Detection and Alert System (ADAS) that will
minimize the time gap and ensure medical assistance
immediately. This System comprises of two main components—
the server and the ADAS software. Various sensors in the Figure 1: Traditional Accident Detection Systems
Smartphone will help in identifying the site of the accident. The
ADAS system will send the message to the ambulance in case of II. LITERATURE SURVEY
accident. The ADAS client system will identify the location with Earlier researches and works of various authors on
the support of in-built sensors in the Smartphone and will alert automatic accident detection system are discussed as follows:
the nearest medical assistance provider. This will enable the • Automatic Accident Detection and Ambulance
response team to arrive at the accident site and provide medical Rescue with Intelligent Traffic Light System [6]. It is a full
support to the victim on time. This project will help to decrease
hardware based system including the likes of microcontroller,
the action time and thus reduce the death tolls.
Keywords – Smartphone, Medical Assistance, Sensors, Automation, modem, drivers, GPS etc. It includes three basic units -
Software. Vehicle unit, Ambulance control unit, and Traffic unit. The
author has developed a hardware system which in case of an
I. INTRODUCTION accident notifies ambulance with appropriate data about the
Every year in India around 1214 road accidents occur and accident location. And ITLS system will help the ambulance
about 377 casualties happen every day [8]. Maximum of the to reach the hospital at earliest by manipulating the traffic
accidents result in deaths as ambulance is not called signals. This can be efficiently carried out with the help of
immediately and as people do not inform the ambulance to Smartphone with their in-built sensor and Google maps.
avoid police interrogation. The accident might occur at an Besides that, the GSM modem used in the system creates a
isolated location where people are not present to report the delay while sending messages to the ambulance control unit
accident. Recent technologies in vehicles have inbuilt (since it is a queue based technique) also the maintenance or
hardware modules to spot and report accidents. Such systems upgrading process of this ITLS system is quite expensive.
are expensive and non-portable. Not all cars have such • An Efficient Vehicle Accident detection using Sensor
systems, only luxury cars have such facility. Hence we Technology [3].It has been suggested that with the support of
introduce Accident Detection and Alert System (ADAS) sensors like vibration sensor, MEMS (micro electrical
which will identify the accident with the help of sensors in the mechanical system), GPS and GSM we can develop an
Smartphone. Since many Smartphone have the basic required efficient accident detection system. The requirements to
sensors and good computing power, they could be employed successfully implement this system are the sensors, which can
to detect accidents and request response. As compared to be easily accomplished with the help of Smartphone and their
hardware add-ons, Smartphone are portable - we could carry in-built sensors. There may be delay because of external GSM
them in any vehicle we are driving or even travelling in. The used – which is a queue based technique. Also the
way we would use their sensors will make this system maintenance of the sensor will be costly.
inexpensive and lifesaving. The processes to detect accidents • Utilizing the Emergence of Android Smartphone for
could be updated easily and has more scope for forthcoming Public Welfare by providing Advance Accident Detection and
enhancements. As we are using Smartphone for Remedy by 108 Ambulance [4] here they have developed an
communication we could use multiple ways of communicating android application that is used to identify the accident using
with server, i.e. if the internet connectivity is not available the variation in acceleration parameters. After detecting the
SMS could be used to converse with the server for help. The accident application spontaneously generates the topographical
principal objective of ADAS is to successfully detect accidents information by GPS and send pre-recorded voice message to
and communicate the same to ensure that the medical emergency response service. The crucial theory behind the
assistance can reach the accident location on time. The data working of this application is that the mobile phone should not
be kept with the driver who is driving the car. It must be Assessment of the damage done to the vehicle and its
attached inside the vehicle. The biggest shortcoming or the occupants, based on the data received from the incident.
loophole in this system is that the phone may tilt or fall inside According to the reported information and the preliminary
the vehicle accidently without having a real time accident thus accident estimation, the system will alert the required rescue
generating false positives. organization to optimize accident assistance.
• Providing Accident Detection in Vehicular Network
through OBD-II Devices and Android based Smartphones [1], III. PROPOSED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
here the researcher develops an accident detection and report In the proposed methodology the approach to the solution
system that chain Smartphone with vehicle through a second is with the help of in-built sensors in the Smartphone and
generation On-Board-Diagnostics (OBD-II) that works as an physical context information to detect accidents. The ADAS
interface to accomplish smart vehicle modeling, providing the system comprises of two key components—the ADAS server
user emergency facilities. The researchers have established an and the ADAS software that are described below:
android application that deploys an SMS to pre-stored address
with related information about the accident location. Also a The ADAS software will be installed in Smartphone and it
call is made to the emergency service. The only prerequisite to will perform the task of detecting the accident as well as
reach the goal of this system is OBD-II standard. The OBD-II sending information to the server part. The ADAS software
standard is made compulsory from 2001 in U.S and it is also a will behave as a sensing device and it will also act as an
European, and Japanese variant of this standard, thus this interface for the third-party observers to contribute
solution is limited to these countries only. Besides that the information to the accident report. The ADAS software will
maintenance as well as upgrading procedure of the system is provide mapping functionality with the assistance of Google
pretty expensive. maps on the device. This map will allow other motorist to plan
their route intelligently around an accident, herby reducing the
• Accident Detection Depending on the Vehicle congestion. The ADAS client software can access to the data
Position and Vehicle Theft Tracking, Reporting Systems [5], from phone database (such as a contact list) to designate
here the researcher introduces a new system with different emergency contacts. The detection will completely depend on
algorithm that sense the accidents with the help of the in-built sensors in the smart phone such as accelerometer
accelerometer sensor’s tilt direction and other various sensor, GPS receiver, Microphone. Fig 2 shows the ADAS
hardware like GSM modem and GPS. The researches have System Architecture
also developed an android application which will display the
accident location in case it happens. The vital components on
which the system is solely dependent are the 3-axis
accelerometer sensor and GSM modem, which can be replaced
with a single device i.e. ‘Smartphone’ as it comes with the
entire mentioned sensor above pre-built in it. In addition to
this system uses GSM modem, which can create a delay while
sending the emergency message to the user as it is a queue
based technique. Beside that the maintenance of the hardware
system is quite expensive.
• Car Accident Notification System based on Internet
of Things [10]; here the researchers introduce an emergency
call notification system using Internet of Things and Cloud
computing. The researches have implemented the proposed
system using XBee Wi-Fi module, XBee Shield, GPS module,
Seeeduino and crash sensors. The basic idea is to detect the
accident with the help of crash sensor and trace the exact co-
ordinates of the accident spot via cloud using XBee Wi-Fi to
the nearest hospital. The main aim was to propose a system
allowing global interconnect with the Internet of Thing and
Cloud. Despite the limitation the system is a step forward in
the field of Internet of Things and with the help of Cloud the
information can be transmitted to a long distance. Furthermore Figure.2: ADAS Architecture
the system can be improvised by programming the system to
immediately notify the family members of the victim.
• Assistance through Communication Technologies and Let us comprehend the functions of different interoperated
Vehicle [11], proposed a prototype architecture called as e- components of the software.
NOTIFY which will help in increasing the chance of survival
1. SMARTPHONE ACCELEROMETER SENSOR:
for passengers involved in car accidents. The proposed system
offers automated detection, reports and assistance to the The software will continuously monitor or extract
victims exploiting the capabilities of vehicular communication accelerometer sensor information to identify the accident with
technologies. The goal of the system is to provide an the help of G-force and deviations in speed of vehicle. Vehicle
architecture that allows 1. Automatic sending of data files speed is used to increase the probability of detecting accidents.
containing information about the incident to the control unit. 2.
 2. SMARTPHONE GPS TRANSMITTER: provides a promising platform with same sensors at cheap
price and portability benefits. Smartphone can surpass the
The software will extract the GPS data and will help in
functionality of conventional in vehicle accident detection
determining the exact position of the vehicle on the globe.
system.
3. SMARTPHONE MICROPHONE:
• Various Smartphone based accident detection
The microphone will detect high-decibel acoustics event like systems are exposed to false positive readings. In the proposed
sound created when an airbag is opened or when vehicles system various sensors and features are introduced to increase
collide. Microphone will increase the possibility of detecting the accuracy of the system. It is also have additional key
accidents. feature of resetting the alarm which is not present in the
referenced system. Our system will impressively decrease the
4. SMARTPHONE CAMERA:
redundancy found in other accident detection systems.
The camera will also help in increasing the probability of
detecting accident. The Smartphone camera of the client as • ADAS Smartphone interface will have
well as of the observers can be used to record and send videos activation/deactivation button which will allow the user to
or photo’s to the server part so that an emergency dispatch can start or stop medical response in a time window of 30 seconds,
be deployed to the accident location. after which the medical assistance will be called by default.
The user will also have option to call back the medical service
The ADAS server will statically analyze the data received even when the alarm is not initiated.
from the software and will notify or contact the client family,
friends or emergency responder like ambulance about the • ADAS software will allow the uninjured client and
accident. The ADAS server will provide an emergency the observers to take images, videos of the accident and send
dispatch of the nearby ambulance available to the accident them to emergency responders to report the accident.
location. The ADAS server will also perform the functions • ADAS software will quickly notify the friends or
like map and data hosting as well as the task like multimedia family of the client. The notification will be sent to pre-
hosting (such as videos and photos). Fig 3 describes the flow registered emergency contacts and it will provide the exact
of ADAS System. It will allow client to share accident position of the accident site
parameters (such as acceleration, route and speed of vehicle)
for analysis. V. EXPECTED OUTPUT
In comparison with the work done in automatic detection and
response the proposed system will be able to overcome various
shortfalls and enhance the automated accident detection and
response. The table … depicts the results that is expected on
the successful implementation of this project.

Figure 3: ADAS flowchart

IV. CONCLUSION
Accident detection operation is not an easy task to handle;
it can be an extremely complicated process when it comes to
real time applications, which is the main reason why it is not
implemented yet on a large scale. The proposed system will
help to improve the present scenarios.
• Although in-vehicle accident detection system
provides emergency responders with essential information as
fast as possible but unavailability of this system are restricted Figure 4: Expected Outcomes
by their non-portability and costs, whereas Smartphone
 VI. SCOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT
The entire project is dependent on the application that is
installed on the smartphone. This project can be integrated
to the virtual systems of the vehicle that can enhance the
performance of this system. This project can also be carried
forward and used to predict and issue a warning to the driver
in case of any irregularity or issues noted in the driving or
the vehicle itself. Thus, preventing accidents from
happening. Though there are many ways to improve the
notification system, it is completely dependent on the
hardware that is installed on the vehicle and therefore we
conclude that the limitations of the implementation of the
project are;

• The damage of the hardware that is installed on the

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