MEENAKSHI SUNDARARAJAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI- 24

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

IV YEAR / VII SEMESTER
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
UNIT – I

PART – A

1. What is meant by prestressed concrete?

2. Define tendon and anchorage.
3. Define pre-tensioning and post – tensioning.
4. Define bonded prestressed concrete and non- bonded prestressed concrete.
5. What are the classifications of type of prestressed concrete?
6. Define creep in concrete.
7. Define creep – coefficient.
8. Why high strength concrete is need for prestressing?
9. Define proof stress and cap cable.
10. What are the applications of prestressed concrete?
11. What are the materials used in prestressed concrete?
12. What are the various types of devices used for tensioning steel?
13. Define pressure line or thrust line.
14. What are the types of losses of prestress?
15. What are the factors influencing the deflection of prestressed concrete?
PART – B

16. What are the advantages of prestressed concrete structures?

17. Explain the types of losses in prestressed concrete.
18. Explain the classifications of types of prestressed concrete.
19. Explain the pre- tensioning and post- tensioning system.
20. Explain thermo electric prestressing and chemical prestressing.
21. A rectangular concrete beam of cross- section 30 cm deep and 20 cm wide is
prestressed by means of 15 wires of 5 mm diameter located 6.5 cm from the bottom of the
beam and 3 wires of diameter of 5 mm , 2.5 cm from the top. Assuming the prestress in
the steel as 840 N/mm , calculate the stresses at the extreme fibres of the mid span section
2

when the beam is supporting its own weight over a span of 6 m. if a uniformly distributed
live load of 6 KN/m is imposed , evaluate the maximum working stress in concrete . The
density of concrete is 24 KN/m3.
22. An unsymmetrical I-section beam is used to support an imposed load of 2 KN/m over a
span of 8 m. The sectional details are top flange, 300 mm wide and 60 mm thick; bottom
 flang, 100 mm wide and 60 mm thick; thickness of the web is 80 mm; over all depth of the
beam is 400 mm. At the centre of the span, the effective prestressing force of 100 KN is
located at 50 mm from the soffit of the beam. Estimate the stresses at the centre of span
section of the beam for the following load conditions:
a) Prestress + self-weight
b) Prestress + self-weight + live load
23. A prestressed concrete beam of section 120 mm wide by 300 mm deep is used over an
effective span of 6 m to support a uniformly distributed load of 4 KN/m, which includes the
self-weight of the beam. The beam is prestressed by a straight cable carrying a force of 180
KN and located at an eccentricity of 50 mm. Determine the location of the thrust- line in the
beam and plot its position at quarter and central span sections.
24. A prestressed concrete piles, 250 mm square, contains 60 pre-tensioned wires, each of 2
mm diameter, uniformly distributed over the section. The wires are initially tensioned on the
prestressing bed with a total force of 300 KN. Calculate the final stress in concrete and the
percentage loss of stress after all losses, given the following data:
Es= 210 KN/mm2, Ec= 32 KN/mm2
Shortening due to creep = 30 x 10 -6 mm
Total shrinkage = 200 X 10 -6 per unit length
Relaxation of steel stress = 5 % of initial stress
Prestressing force P = 300 KN
25. Explain about long term deflections and short term deflections.

UNIT – II

PART – A

1. What are the types of flexural failure in prestressed concrete structures?

2. What are the assumptions made in strain compatibility method?
3. Define anchorage zone.
4. Draw a stress distribution diagram in the end block of a post-tensioned concrete
member.
5. Define bursting tension.
6. What are the various methods to find bursting tension in the end block?
7. What is the purpose of reinforcement in the anchorage zone?
8. Draw a different typical arrangement of reinforcement in the end block.
9. What is meant by partial prestressing?
10. What are the advantages of partial prestressing?
11. Define partial prestressing ratio.
12. Define prestressing index
13. Define degree of prestressing.
14. What are the applications of partial prestressing?
15. Draw an evenly distributed force system with equivalent prisms.

PART – B

16. A prestressed concrete beam of effective span 16 m is rectangular section 400 mm

wide by 1200 mm deep. The tendons consist of 3300 mm2. If strands if characterstic
strength 1700 N/mm2 with an effective prestress of 910 N/mm 2. The strands are located
870 mm from the face of the beam. If fcu = 60 N/mm2, estimate the flexural strenght of the
section as per Indian code provisions for the following cases: a) Bonded tendons b) un
boned tendons
17. A pretensioned T-section has a flange 1200 mm wide and 150 mm thick. The width and
depth of the rib are 300 mm and 1500 mm respectively. The high-tensile steel has an area
of 4700 mm2 and is located at an effective depth of 1600 mm. If the characteristic cube
strength of the concrete and the tensile strength of steel are 40 N/mm 2 and 1600 N/mm2
respectively, calculate the flexural strength of the T-section.
18. A post- tensioned bridge girderwith unbonded tendons is of box section of overall
dimensions 1200 mm wide by 1800 mm deep, with wall thickness of 150 mm. the high-
tensile steel has an area of 4000 mm 2 and is located at an effective depth of 1600 mm. the
effective prestress in steel after all losses is 1000 N/mm2 and the effective span of the girder
is 24 m. if fck= 40 N/mm2 and fp= 1600 N/mm2, estimate the ultimate flexural strength of the
section.
19. The end block of a prestressed concrete beam, rectangular in section is 100 mm wide
and 200 mm deep. The prestressing force of 100 KN is transmitted to concrete by a
distribution plate, 100 mm wide and 50 mm deep, concentrically located at the ends.
Calculate the position and magnitude of the maximum tensile stress on the horizontal
section through the centre and edge of the anchor plate. Compute the bursting tension on
these horizontal planes by a) magnel’s method b) guyon’s method c) Rowe’s method.
20. The end block of a post-tensioned prestressed concrete beam, 300 mm wide and 300
mm deep is subjected toa concentric anchorage force of 832800 N by a Freyssinet
anchorage of area 11720 mm2. Design and detail the anchorage reinforcement for the end
block.
21. The end block of a post tensioned prestressed concrete bridge girder is of recangular
section 450 mm wide by 1350 mm deep. Freyssinet anchorages of comprising anchor
plates of size 225mm are used. Three anchorages are provided spaced at 450 mm centres.
The jacking force in each anchorage is 1500 KN. Design suitable anchorage zone
reinforcement in the end block.
22. Explain about the partial prestressing system.
23. Briefly explain the applications of partial prestressing.
.

UNIT – III

PART – A

1. What are the general features of prestressed concrte tank?

2. What are the shapes of prestressed concrete tanks?
3. Draw a economical dimensional proportions of circular tanks.
4. Write the design criteria of design of prestressed concrete tanks.
5. What are the main advantages of prestressed concrete poles?
6. What are the critical conditions to design the prestressed concrete poles?
7. What is meant by partially prestressed pre-tensioned poles?
8. What are the different types of prestressed sleepers?
9. Draw a any two types of prestressed sleepers.
10. What are the various factors influencing the design of sleepers?

PART – B

11. Design a cylindrical prestressed concrete water tank to suit the following data:
Capacity of the tank = 3.5 x 109 litres. Ratio of diameter to height = 4, maximum
compressive stress in concrete at transfer not to exceed 14 N/mm2 (compression).Minimum
compressive stress under working load to be I N/mm 2. The prestress is to be provided by
circumferential winding of 5 mm wires and by vertical cables of 12 wires of 7 mm diameter.
The stress in wires at transfer = 1000 N/mm 2. Loss ratio =0.75. Design the walls of the tank
and details of circumferential wire winding and vertical cables for the following joint
conditions at the base: a) hinged b) fixed c) sliding base.
12. A pretensioned prestressed concrete is to be designed to suit the following data:
Height of pole above ground = 10m
Wind force on wires acting at a height of 8m from base = 2 KN
Permissible compressive stress in concrete = fcw= 16N/mm2
No tension is permitted under working loads.
Loss ratio =0.8
High tensile wires of 8 mm diameter initially stressed to 1200 N/mm 2 are available for use.
Design a suitable section for the pole at base and the number of wires required in the pole.
13. A prestressed concrete pole is to be designed to suit the following data:
Height of pole above ground = 12 m
Wind force on wires acting at 2m from top= 1.5 KN
Wind force on pole acting at mid height= 2.5 KN
 Permissible stresses in concrete in compression and tension are 16 N/mm 2 and 4 N/mm2
respectively.
Loss ratio = 0.8
High tensile wire of 8 mm diameter initially stressed 1200 N/mm 2 is available for use.
Design a suitable rectangular section for the pole and number of high tensile wires at the
base section.
14. Explain the all types of prestressed concrete sleepers with sketch.
15. A partially prestressed pre-tensioned mast is to be designed to suit the following data:
Spacing of poles= 100 m
Free-standing height of the pole above the ground = 10 m
The pole is to carry twin conductor high voltage lines
Cross tree at 9 m above ground level
Conductor size: effective over all diameter =10mm
Tension in each conductor = 5 KN
Poles are to be located in mangalore:
Wind pressure for this zone (IS-875-1964) = 10 N/mm2
28 day cube strength of concrete = 50 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity of concrete = 40.5 N/mm2
Modulus of rupture of concrete = 5 N/mm2
High tensile wires of 5 mm diameter available
Ultimate tensile strength = 1600 N/mm2
Loss ratio = 0.7
Permissible stress in concrete under service loads:
Compressive stress in concrete fcw= 18 N/mm2
Tensile stress in concrete, ftw=5 N/mm2.

UNIT – IV

PART – A

1. Define composite construction.

2. What are the advantages using precast prestressed units in association with the in-situ
concrete?
3. What are the types of composite construction?
4. Draw a any two composite bridge decks with precast prestressed elements.
5. Draw a cross section of standard cement and concrete Association.
6. Define differential shrinkage.
7. What are the assumptions made to estimate of stresses developed due to differential
shrinkage?
8. How will you to compute the deflection of composite members?
9. How to find the flexural strength of composite members?
10. How to find the shear strength of composite members?

PART – B

11. A rectangular pre- tensioned concrete beam has a breadth of 100 mm and depth of
230 mm, and the prestress after all losses have occurred is 12 N/mm 2 at the soffit and zero
at the top. The beam is incorporated in a composite I beam by casting a top flange of
breadth 300 mm and depth 50 mm. calculate the maximum uniformly distributed live load
that can be supported on a simply supported on a simply supported span if 4.5 m, without
any tensile stresses occurring, a) if the slab is externally supported while casting and b) if
the pre-tensions beam supports the weight of the slab while casting.
12. A composite bridge deck of span 12 m is made up of a precast prestressed
symmetrical I section and an in situ cast slab. The precast I beams are spaced at 750 mm
centres and the top slab of the in situ concrete is 120 mm thick. The cross sectional details
of the precast I beam are as follows:
Thickness of top and bottom flanges = 110 mm
Width of top and bottom flanges = 200 mm
Thickness of web = 75 mm
Depth of precast I beam = 500 mm
Self weight of precast concrete= 24 KN/m3
Self weight of cast insitu concrete = 23.5 KN/m3
13. The prestressed beam is supported during the placing of in situ concrete. The form
work load is estimated as 0.2 KN/m of the span. If the compressive prestress in the beam is
15 N/mm2 at the bottom and zero at the top, calculate the maximum stresses developed in
the precast and in situ cast concrete under an imposed load of 5 KN/m2 assuming.
a) the modular ratio of cast in-situ to precast concrete as 1.0
b) the modular ratio of cast in-situ to precast concrete as 0.8.
14. Design a composite slab for the bridge deck using a standard inverted T-
section. The top flange is 250 mm wide and 100 mm thick. The bottom flange is 500 mm
wide and 250 mm thick. The web thickness is 100 mm and the overall depth of the inverted
T-section is 655 mm. the bridges deck has to support a characteristic imposed load of 50
KN/m2. Over an effective span of 12 m.grade 40 concrete is specified for the precast pre
tensioned T-with a compressive strength at transfer of 36 N/mm 2. Concrete of grade 30 is
used for the in situ part. Determine the minimum prestress necessary and check for safely
under serviceability limit state.
Section properties:
 Area of pre-tensioned T= 180500 mm2
Position of centroid = 220 mm from the soffit
Second moment of area I= 81.1 X 10 8 mm4
Section modulus Zt= 18.7 X 10 6 mm3
Section modulus Zb= 37 X 10 6 mm3
A composite T-beam is made up of a pre-tensioned rib 100 mm wide and 200 mm deep,
and a cast in-situ slab 400 mm wide and 40 mm thick having a modulus of elasticity of 28
KN/mm2. if the differential shrinkages is 100 x 10-6 units, determine the shrinkage stresses
developed in the precast and cast in situ units.
15. A composite beam of rectangular section is made up of a pre-tensioned
inverted T-beam having a slab thickness and width of 150mm and 1000 mm respectively.
The rib size is 150 mm by 850 mm. the cast insitu concrete has a thickness and width of
1000 mm with a modulus of elasticity of 30 KN/mm 2. if the differential shrinkage is 100 x 10 -6
units, estimate the shrinkage stresses developed in the precast and cast in situ units.
16. A composite T-girder of span 5 m is made up of a pre-tensioned rib, 100 mm
wide by 200 mm deep, with an in situ cast slab, 400 mm wide and 40 mm thick. the rib is
prestressed by a straight cable having an eccentricity of 33.33 mm and carrying an initial
force of 150 KN. The loss of prestress may be assumed to be 15 %. Check the composite
T-Beam for the limit state of deflection if it supports an imposed load of 3.2 KN/m for a) un
propped construction b) propped construction. Assume a modulus of elasticity of 35 KN/mm
for both precast and in situ cast elements.

UNIT – V

PART – A

1. What are the advantages of prestressed concrete bridges?

2. Describe pretensioned prestressed concrete bridge decks.
3. Describe post-tensioned prestressed concrete bridge decks.
4. Draw typical cross sections of pre-tensioned prestressed concrete bridge
decks.
5. Draw typical cross sections of post-tensioned prestressed concrete bridge
decks.

PART – B

6. Design a post –tensioned prestressed concrete slab bridge deck for a

national highway crossing to suit the following data.
Data
Clear span=10 m
 Width of bearing 400 mm
Clear width of road way = 7.5 m
Footpath = 1 m on either side
Kerbs 600 mm wide
Thickness of wearing coat= 80 mm
Live load = IRC class AA tracked vehicle
Type of structure = class 1 type
Materials: M-40 grade concrete and 7 mm diameter high-tensile wires with an ultimate
tensile strength of 1500 N/mm2 housed in cables with 12 wires and anchored by freyssinst
anchorages of 150 mm diameter
7. Design of post-tensioned prestressed concrete T-beam slab bridge deck for
a national
Highway crossing to suit the following data:
Effective span= 30 m
Width of road= 7.5 m
Kerbs = 600 mm on each side
Footpath = 1.5 m wide on each side
Thickness of wearing coat= 80 mm
Live load = IRC class AA tracked vehicle
For the deck slab, adopt M-20 grade concrete.
For prestressed concrete girders, adopt M-50 grade concrete with cube strength at transfer
as 40 N/mm2
Loss ratio = 0.85
Spacings of cross girders = 5 m
Adopt fe-415 grade HYSD bars. 7 ply H.T strands of 15.2 mm diameter conforming to IS-
6006- 1983 are available for use. Design the girder as class -1 type structure.
8. Design of Post –tensioned prestressed concrete continuous two-span beam
and slab bridge deck for a national highway crossing using the following data:
Two continous spans of 40 m each
Width of road = 7.5 m
Kerbs = 600 mm on each side
Thickness of wearing coat = 80 mm
Live load = IRC class AA tracked vehicle
For prestressed concrete girders, adopt M-60 grade concrete with the cube strength at
transfer as 40 N/mm2.
Spacing of cross girders = 5 m
For cast in situ deck slab, adopt M-20 grade concrete.
Loss ratio = 0.8
High tensile strands of 15.2 mm diameter, conforming to IS: 6006-1983 and Fe-415 grade
HYSD bars are available for use.
Design the bridge deck as class 1- type structure conforming to the codes IRC:6-1966,
IRC:18-1985 and IRC: 21-1972.