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P.4 Functions and Their Graphs

A function assigns a unique output element to each input element in its domain. The domain is the set of inputs, and the range is the set of outputs. When a function is defined without specifying the domain, the assumed domain is all real numbers for which the output is real. Functions can be even, meaning f(x) = f(-x), or odd, meaning f(x) = -f(-x). Even functions are symmetric across the y-axis, while odd functions are symmetric across the origin.

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24 views

P.4 Functions and Their Graphs

A function assigns a unique output element to each input element in its domain. The domain is the set of inputs, and the range is the set of outputs. When a function is defined without specifying the domain, the assumed domain is all real numbers for which the output is real. Functions can be even, meaning f(x) = f(-x), or odd, meaning f(x) = -f(-x). Even functions are symmetric across the y-axis, while odd functions are symmetric across the origin.

Uploaded by

Furkan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A function f on a set D into a set S is a rule

that assigns a unique element f x in S to each element

in D
D f is the domain of the function f The
range R f of f is the subset of S consisting of all
values flx of the function
y f x independent variable
dependent variable
The Domain Convention When a function f
defined
is

without specifying its domain we assume that the domain


consists of all real numbers for which the value fb
of the functionreal number
is a

Example The square root function The domain of flxt.SI


is the interval 0,00 since negative numbers do not have

real square roots The square root function Tx always


denotes the nonnegative square root of The two
s lutions
of the equation x2 4 are x iĞ 2 and 54
Example The domain of the function h F 4
consist of all numbers except 2 and x 2
h KIŞ 2,23 1 00 2 Ula 2 2,00
Example The domain of SA 1 ta cansits of
all numbers t for which 1 tl70 Thus we require
that HEL or _LE tşk The domain is 1,1
Graphs of Functions

even

x a

odd

x2 y 1_unit circle
y 1 x2 Yı TIĞ
Hz
yy

91 1
if o
if O
Example Sketch the graph of ya 1tl74
Solution
Y Ya ya y 1 F4
yürü y.jp
1 a

4 4

Example Sketch the graph of f EĞ


K l
Solution.si xjfI I EI Es
flx 1
1 I y
y 1 11
Yi Ya
y L 1
1
2

1
2
Even and Odd Functions Symmetry and Reflections
Definition Eren and Odd Functions
Suppose that belongs to Dlf whenever does We

say that f function if Iüzeven


is an even

f1 flx for every


ED f µ ü fN

that f odd function


od fl
We
say
is an
Ej
iff.ff.fi _P
flx ful
X
foreveryxEDlf
The graph of an even function is symmetric aboutthe
axis
y
The graph of an odd function is symmetric aboutthe
origin
is
even is
odd

Reflections in Straight Lines

y 0

Example Describe and sketch the graph of


3
ya
Solution rY
y
yi
y

Yi az
2 _3
Example Sketch the graph of
y
2 1 31
Solution ay
g1 1
2 3
g21 3
3
ya 1 1

ya 1 31

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