Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol
Ubay 1 District
Ubay National Science High School
Fatima, Ubay, Bohol

ADVANCED STATISTICS
Quarter 2- Week 7

Learning Content : t-test For Two Independent Samples

Learning Objective : The learners will be able to test hypothesis using t-test for two independent samples
Materials : activity sheet, calculator, t-test table
References : Statistics for Made Simple by Antonio S. Broto
Copyright : For classroom use only, Non-DepEd owned

2
CONCEPT NOTE

t-TEST FOR TWO INDEPENDENT SAMPLES

The t-test is used to compare two means, the mean of two independent samples or two independent groups and
the means of correlated samples before and after the treatment. Ideally the t-test is used when there are less than 30
samples.

Formula: Where:
̅̅̅
𝒙𝟏 − ̅̅̅
𝒙𝟐 t = t-test
𝒕= ̅̅̅1 = mean of group 1
𝑥
𝑺𝑺𝟏 + 𝑺𝑺𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
√( 𝑥2 mean of group 2
𝒏𝟏 + 𝒏𝟐 − 𝟐) (𝒏𝟏 + 𝒏𝟐 ) ̅̅̅=
SS1 = sum of squares of group 1
For Sum of Squares:
SS2 = sum of squares of group 2
(∑ 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 (∑ 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐
𝑺𝑺𝟏 = ∑ 𝒙𝟐𝟏 − 𝑺𝑺𝟐 = ∑ 𝒙𝟐𝟐 − n1 = sample size of group 1
𝒏𝟏 𝒏𝟐
n2 = sample size of group 2

Example:
The following are the scores of 10 male and 10 female grade 9 students in spelling. Test the null hypothesis that
there is no significant difference between the performance of male and female grade 9 students in spelling. Use t-test at
0.05 level of significance.
Male (𝑥1 ) 14 18 17 16 4 14 12 10 9 17
Female(𝑥2 ) 12 9 11 5 10 3 7 2 6 13

Steps in Inferential Statistics:

Problem: Is there a significant difference between the performance of male and female Grade 9 students in spelling?
Step 1: Hypotheses:
𝐻0 : There is no significant difference between the performance of male and female Grade 9 students in spelling.
𝐻1 : There is a significant difference between the performance of male and female Grade 9 students in spelling.
Step 2: Level of Significance
𝛼 = 0.05
𝑑𝑓 = 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 − 2
= 10+10 – 2
= 18
Step 3: Calculated Value
𝑡 = 2.88 (𝑠𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑥𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒)
Step 4: Tabulated Value
𝑡.05 = 2.101 t-tabular value at 0.05 (𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑡 − 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒)
Decision Rule: If the t-computed value is greater than or beyond the t-tabular value, reject 𝐻0 .

Step 5: Conclusion:
Since the t-computed value of 2.88 is greater than the tabulated value of 2.101 at 0.05 level of significance with 18
degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis. This means that there is
significant difference between the performance of male and female Grade 9 students in spelling. It implies that the
male students perform better than the female students considering that the mean score of the male students of
13.1 is greater compared to the average score of female students of only 7.8.
 Computation:

male female
𝑥1 𝑥12 𝑥2 𝑥22
14 196 12 144
18 324 9 81
17 289 11 121
16 256 5 25
4 16 10 100 (3) Solving for t-computed value:
14 196 3 9 𝑥1 − ̅̅̅
̅̅̅ 𝑥2
12 144 7 49 𝑡=
𝑆𝑆1 + 𝑆𝑆2 1 1
√(
10 100 2 4 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 − 2) (𝑛1 + 𝑛2 )
9 81 6 36
17 289 13 169 13.1 − 7.8
𝑡=
∑ 𝑥1 = 131 ∑ 𝑥12 = 1891 ∑ 𝑥2 = 78 ∑ 𝑥22 = 738 √(174.9 + 129.6) ( 1 + 1 )
10 + 10 − 2 10 10
𝑛1 = 10 𝑛1 = 10
𝑥̅1 = 13.1 𝑥̅ 2 = 7.8 5.3
𝑡=
(1) Solving for 𝑺𝑺𝟏: (2) Solving for 𝑺𝑺𝟐: √(304.5) (0.1 + 0.1)
18
(∑ 𝑥1 )2 (∑ 𝑥2 )2
𝑆𝑆1 = ∑ 𝑥12 − 𝑆𝑆2 = ∑ 𝑥22 − 5.3
𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑡=
√(16.92)(0.2)
(131)2 (78)2
𝑆𝑆1 = 1891 − 𝑆𝑆2 = 738 − 5.3
10 10 𝑡=
17,161 6084 √3.384
𝑆𝑆1 = 1891 − 𝑆𝑆2 = 738 −
10 10 5.3
𝑡=
1.8395
𝑆𝑆1 = 1891 − 1716.1 𝑆𝑆1 = 738 − 608.4
𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟖
𝑆𝑆1 = 174.9 𝑆𝑆1 = 129.6

ACTIVITY: Answer the exercises on a long bond paper.

The data below represent the number of hours of pain relief provided by two brands of headache tablets administered
to 24 subjects. These subjects were randomly divided into groups and each group was treated with different brand.

Brand A (𝑥1) 5 8 7 3 4 8 7 5 6 7 5 5
Brand B (𝑥2 ) 3 2 1 4 5 6 7 3 5 4 2 3

Use the t-test at 0.05 level of significance to test the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the
average number of hours of pain relief provided by the two brands of headache tablets.

Follow the format below:

Step 1: Hypotheses
H0:_______________________________________________
H1:_______________________________________________
Step 2: Level of Significance
𝛼: ___________
𝑑𝑓: ___________
Step 3: Computed Value
(Show complete table and solution)
t = _______________
Step 4: Tabulated Value
𝑡.05 = 2.07 t-tabular value at 0.05
(Decision Rule: If Computed value is greater than the Tabulated value, reject null hypothesis.)
Step 5: Conclusion
___________________________________________________________________________________
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