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SERI OMEGA PRIVATE & INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Subject : Additional Mathematics Level : Year 10 Online Lesson : 21

Chapter(s) : 10. Series Date : 20 October 2021
________________________________________________________________________________

10.1. Binomial Theorem

(a + b)n = (0) a b + (1) a b + (2) a b + . . . + ( r ) a b + . . . + (n) a b

n n−0 0 n n−1 n n−2 2 n n−r r n n−n n

= a n + ( ) a n−1b + ( ) a n−2 b 2 + . . . + (nr) a n−r b r + . . . + b n

n n
1 2

where ( r ) is known as the binomial coefficient

n

Binomial Coefficients

n=0 ( ) 1

n =1 ( ) ( ) 1 1

n =2 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 1
⇒
n =3 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 3 3 1

n=4 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 4 6 4 1

⋮ ⋮

Binomial Expansions
No. of terms
(a + b)0 1

(a + b)1 a + b

(a + b)2 + +

(a + b)3 + + +

(a + b)4 + + + +

⋮
1
Q 1. Using the Binomial Theorem, expand :

(a) (1 − x)4 in ascending powers of x

( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( )( )( )
+ + + +

(b) (2 + 5x)3 in ascending powers of x

(c) (2x − 3)5 in descending powers of x

2
Q 2. Find, in descending powers of x, the first 4 terms in the expansion of (x 2 + 2)7.

( 2)
6
x
Q 3. Find, in ascending powers of x, the first 3 terms in the expansion of 1 − .

3
 ( x)
5
3
Q 4. Find, in descending powers of x, the first 3 terms in the expansion of x − .

( 2x 3 )
6
1
Q 5. Find, in descending powers of x, the first 4 terms in the expansion of x2 + .

4
Q 6. (a) Expand (x + 2)4.

(b) Hence, express ( 5 + 2)4 in the form a 5 + b , where a and b are integers.

5
Q 7. (a) Find, in ascending powers of x, the first 4 terms in the expansion of (1 − x)5.

(b) Using your expansion in part (a), find the value of 0.975 correct to 3 decimal places.

6
Q 8. (a) Find the first 3 terms, in ascending powers of x, in the expansion of (1 + 2x)7 .

(b) Hence, find the coefficient of x 2 in the expansion of (x − 1)2(1 + 2x)7 .

7
 ( 3)
6
x
Q 9. (a) Find the first 3 terms, in ascending powers of x, in the expansion of 1 − .

( 3 ) ( 10x 2 x )
6
x 3 1
(b) Hence, find the term independent of x in the expansion of 1− − +5 .

8
Q10. (a) Find the first 4 terms, in ascending powers of x, in the expansion of
(i) (1 + 3x)5 ,

(ii) (2 − x)4 .

(b) Hence, find the coefficient of x 3 in the expansion of (1 + 3x)5(2 − x)4 .

9
Miscellaneous Questions

Q 1. Expand (x − 2y)4.

( x2 2 )
5
1 x
Q 2. Find the first 3 terms, in ascending powers of x, in the expansion of + .

10
Q 3. (a) Expand (1 + x)3.

(b) Using your expansion in part (a), express

(i) (1 + 2)3 in the form a + b 2 , where a and b are integers.

(ii) (1 − 2)3 in the form c + d 2 , where c and d are integers.

(c) Hence, simplify (1 + 2)3 + (1 − 2)3.

11
Q 4. (a) Find the first 3 terms, in descending powers of x, in the expansion of (3x 2 − 1)5 .

( 10 15x 9x )
3x 2 4
(b) Hence, find the coefficient of x 7 in the expansion of (3x 2 − 1)5 − − 3 .

12
 ( 4)
5
x
Q 5. The first 3 terms in the expansion of a + are 32 + bx + cx 2, where a, b and c are integers.

(a) Find the value of a, b and c.

( 4) ( x)
5 2
x 2
(b) Hence, find the term independent of x in the expansion of a+ 1− .

13
 ( 2)
10
x
Q 6. (a) Find, in ascending powers of x, the first 4 terms in the expansion of 1− .

(b) Using your expansion in part (a), estimate the value of 0.9510 correct to 2 decimal places.

14
Q 7. (a) Find the first 3 terms, in ascending powers of x, in the expansion of
(i) (3 − x)5 ,

(ii) (1 + 2x)5 .

(b) Hence, find the coefficient of x 2 in the expansion of (3 + 5x − 2x 2 )5 .

15
Q 8. (a) Find, in ascending powers of x, the first 3 terms in the expansion of (2 + u)5.

(b) Hence, find the coefficient of x 2 in the expansion of (2 + 3x − 4x 2 )5.

16
 SERI OMEGA PRIVATE & INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Subject : Additional Mathematics Level : Year 10 Online Lesson : 21

Chapter(s) : 10. Series Date : 20 October 2021
________________________________________________________________________________
Model Answers

10.1. Binomial Theorem

(a + b)n = (0) a b + (1) a b + (2) a b + . . . + ( r ) a b + . . . + (n) a b

n n−0 0 n n−1 n n−2 2 n n−r r n n−n n

= a n + ( ) a n−1b + ( ) a n−2 b 2 + . . . + (nr) a n−r b r + . . . + b n

n n
1 2

where ( r ) is known as the binomial coefficient

n

Binomial Coefficients
Pascal's

( 8)
triangle
n=0 I1

(0 ) ( I )
n =1 1 I
11 I1

(2) ( ) ( 2)
n =2 2 2
I I1 22 I1
⇒
n =3 ( ) ( ) ( I ) (3) 11 33 33 I1

n=4 (8 ) (Y) ( I ) (Y) (Y) I1 4

4 66 4
4
1
1

⋮ ⋮

Binomial Expansions nti terms

No. of terms
0
(a + b) 1
I
(a + b)1 a + b
2

(a + b)2 + Zab + b
a 3

(a + b)3 + a'b + +
a Bab b 4

(a + b)4 + + + +
at tab tab Hab b4 5
⋮
1
Q 1. Using the Binomial Theorem, expand :

(a) (1 − x)4 in ascending powers of x

( )( ( )( ( )(
S 2 3
Y )( K) I )( x) + I )( x) MY
+ + +
14 1 1

=
1 464 664 41 x x

I 4 6,5 4K x

(b) (2 + 5x)3 in ascending powers of x

a 3 2 a 3 a
H 5343

8 314 514 312 2525 125 3

8 60 15025 12523

(c) (2x − 3)5 in descending powers of x

a 7 2441 3 E a C35 15 242 3 4 a G 1 35

32 5 5116 4 C 3 101823
9 101417127 5 2x 81 1 243
4
3215 240 720 3 10805 8102 243

2
Q 2. Find, in descending powers of x, the first 4 terms in the expansion of (x 2 + 2)7.

Pitt 7 e s
stats t 5 E it't
10
x 7 2 21 y 35 818 t

y t 14k t 84k fox t

( 2)
6
x
Q 3. Find, in ascending powers of x, the first 3 terms in the expansion of 1 − .

ite t't't Ya t

It 6 E 15
4
I 3K 154kt

3
 ( x)
5
3
Q 4. Find, in descending powers of x, the first 3 terms in the expansion of x− .

5G 4 E Gut E t

5 5 4
3 t 101 E t

I 15K Gox t

( 2x 3 )
6
12
Q 5. Find, in descending powers of x, the first 4 terms in the expansion of x + .

9 Gift 1764 ate t

5 Geist t

b'x six I
x
Ip 15 814,6
2
t

K 3kt 154k
2 3
t

4
Q 6. (a) Expand (x + 2)4.

x Y 64 s
1 x s
Y x 43 2

x t 41 2 6 i 4 4 18 t 16

114 8 3 24,5 32k t 16

(b) Hence, express ( 5 + 2)4 in the form a 5 + b , where a and b are integers.

1st 2 4 8 E t 24 5 32 Is 16

Is Is t 81555 24 s 325 16

25 40Is 120 t 3215 t 16

7225 161

5
Q 7. (a) Find, in ascending powers of x, the first 4 terms in the expansion of (1 − x)5.

15 1,5 1 C y't 5 11364 3 YEN't

I 51 x 10 e 101113 t

I 5 1025 1023 t

(b) Using your expansion in part (a), find the value of 0.975 correct to 3 decimal places.

I 2 0.97
K l O 97 0 03

0.975 1 510.03 10 0.03 10100373

27
1 0.15 10 too 10
loooooo

I 0.15 0
009 0.00027
0 85873
I 3d
0.859 p

6
Q 8. (a) Find the first 3 terms, in ascending powers of x, in the expansion of (1 + 2x)7 .

It t i ax t
E i 24 t

It 7 2K 21 4K t

It 14x t 84kt

(b) Hence, find the coefficient of x 2 in the expansion of (x − 1)2(1 + 2x)7 .

x 1 1 2147 K 2 1 1 14 8415 t

Coefficient
of K 1 I 2114 1 84

I 28 84

57

7
 ( 3)
6
x
Q 9. (a) Find the first 3 terms, in ascending powers of x, in the expansion of 1− .

16 911475 411 t t

I It 15
Y
I 2x SN t
3

( 3 ) ( 10x 2 x )
6
x 3 1
(b) Hence, find the term independent of x in the expansion of 1− − +5 .

1
5 E L s 1 2x 5 E L s

Termindependent of x 1 s 21 1 5E
St Z T
t
7 or 7.5

8
Q10. (a) Find the first 4 terms, in ascending powers of x, in the expansion of
(i) (1 + 3x)5 ,

1st 5 1 34 t 56 314 5 i 34 t

I t 51324 t 10 95 10 2723 t

I t 15 9015 270 x t

(ii) (2 − x)4 .

2
414 C y't 4 a Cy't 414114 t
16 4 8 14 614 i 4141 i t

16 32K 24K 813 t

(b) Hence, find the coefficient of x 3 in the expansion of (1 + 3x)5(2 − x)4 .

1 31451224 I 15 9015 270 3 t 16 32K 24112 8 3 t

Coefficient
of x 11 8 15124 90 32 270 16
8 360 2880 t 4320

1792

9
Miscellaneous Questions

Q 1. Expand (x − 2y)4.

x Y 143L
ay t E 644ay t
4 44 l 241 Cay

K 413124 6,51444 421 843 1644

KY
Sky 24142 32143 1644

(x 2)
5
1 x
Q 2. Find the first 3 terms, in ascending powers of x, in the expansion of + .
2

E E G y't E tie t

to is I 15
d I t
2

to It t Ey t

10
Q 3. (a) Expand (1 + x)3.

I 3 TG E G H't x
It 3 315 13

(b) Using your expansion in part (a), express

(i) (1 + 2)3 in the form a + b 2 , where a and b are integers.

1 513 1 352 3 5 E
It 312 314 252

7 552

(ii) (1 − 2)3 in the form c + d 2 , where c and d are integers.

I E 1 3124 31 E E

I 322 314 252

7 52

(c) Hence, simplify (1 + 2)3 + (1 − 2)3.

1 543 11 E 7 552 7 55
7 552 7 552
14
11
Q 4. (a) Find the first 3 terms, in descending powers of x, in the expansion of (3x 2 − 1)5 .

351st 5 a 1 t E 35 1 t

2432 518128 1 1012716 I t

2432 40528 2702 t

( 10 15x 9x )
3x 2 4
(b) Hence, find the coefficient of x 7 in the expansion of (3x 2 − 1)5 − − 3 .

35 1 Kt
E 2432 405 8 27026
Ex 913

243
4 405175 270

of 54 81

27

12
 ( )
5
x
Q 5. The first 3 terms in the expansion of a+ are 32 + bx + cx 2, where a, b and c are integers.
4
(a) Find the value of a, b and c.

a
f a
Y 5 a
4 a't sa
4 toast

as
talk 5g ask

By comparison

95 32 b 94 Iga's

a 5132 5414 43
2 54116 5818

So
5

( ) ( x)
5 2
x 2
(b) Hence, find the term independent of x in the expansion of a + 1− .
4

2
4 11 E 32 20 5 4 1 Yet Yp

Term independent
of x 3211 201 4 5 4

32 804So

if

13
 ( 2)
10
x
Q 6. (a) Find, in ascending powers of x, the first 4 terms in the expansion of 1− .

9
lil't't't E cysts 5 Litt't't
It 104
31 4514 181 8 t

1 5k 4 1513 t

(b) Using your expansion in part (a), estimate the value of 0.9510 correct to 2 decimal places.

1 12 0
95

I 1 o 95

K 210.05 0.1

45
9 1 t
Y
is co
y't
I 0.5 0.1125 0.015

0.5975

14
Q 7. (a) Find the first 3 terms, in ascending powers of x, in the expansion of
(i) (3 − x)5 ,

35 7 3 x E 3 C K

243 5181 x to 7 x t

243 405 27015 t

(ii) (1 + 2x)5 .

1st 5 1 a 5 1 2x t

It 5 2x 10 4K t

It 10x 40kt

(b) Hence, find the coefficient of x 2 in the expansion of (3 + 5x − 2x 2 )5 .

3 5 2515 3 K Ita

3 14511 2145

243 405 27015 t 1 102 4015t

Coefficient
of K 243140 405110 270 I

9720 4050 270

5940

15
Q 8. (a) Find, in ascending powers of x, the first 3 terms in the expansion of (2 + u)5.

It 5 s u t
5 a u t

32 5 16 u 10 8 u t

32 So u fo n t

(b) Hence, find the coefficient of x 2 in the expansion of (2 + 3x − 4x 2 )5.

Let u 3 415
5
2 3 415 32 80 32 45 So 3 415 t

32 24011 32025 80 915 3

24 1624

coefficient
of K 320 So 9

320 t 720

Yoo

16