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Art Vocabulary Words

The document defines elements of art and principles of design. The elements of art are the basic components used by artists, including line, shape, form, space, color, and texture. The principles of design describe how artists use the elements, such as balance, emphasis, movement, pattern, repetition, proportion, rhythm, variety, and unity.

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62 views2 pages

Art Vocabulary Words

The document defines elements of art and principles of design. The elements of art are the basic components used by artists, including line, shape, form, space, color, and texture. The principles of design describe how artists use the elements, such as balance, emphasis, movement, pattern, repetition, proportion, rhythm, variety, and unity.

Uploaded by

Yu Wei
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Art Vocabulary Words: Elements of Art/ Principles of Design

(The J. Paul Getty Museum/ Education)

Elements of Art
The elements of art are the building blocks used by artists to create a work of art.

Line is a mark with greater length than width. Lines can be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal; straight or curved; thick
or thin.

Shape is a closed line. Shapes can be geometric, like squares and circles; or organic, like free form or natural
shapes. Shapes are flat and can express length and width.

Forms are three-dimensional shapes expressing length, width, and depth. Balls, cylinders, boxes, and pyramids are
forms.

Space is the area between and around objects. The space around objects is often called negative space; negative
space has shape. Space can also refer to the feeling of depth. Real space is three-dimensional; in visual art, when
we create the feeling or illusion of depth, we call it space.

Color is light reflected off objects. Color has three main characteristics: hue (the name of the color, such as red,
green, blue, etc.), value (how light or dark it is), and intensity (how bright or dull it is).

- White is pure light; black is the absence of light


- Primary colors are the only true colors (red, blue, and yellow). All other colors are mixes of primary
colors.
- Secondary colors are two primary colors mixed together (green, orange, violet).
- Intermediate colors, sometimes called tertiary colors, are made by mixing a primary and secondary
color together. Some examples of intermediate colors are yellow green, blue green, and blue violet.
- Complementary colors are located directly across from each other on the color wheel (an
arrangement of colors along a circular diagram to show how they are related to one another).
Complementary pairs contrast because they share no common colors, For example, red and green
are complements, because green is made of blue and yellow. When complementary colors are mixed
together, they neutralize each other to make brown.

Texture is the surface quality that can be seen and felt. Texture can be rough or smooth, soft or hard. Textures do
not always feel the way they look; for example, a drawing of a porcupine may look prickly, but if you touch the
drawing, the paper is still smooth.
Principles of Design
The principles of design describe the way that artists use the elements of art in a work of art.

Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale,
these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. In symmetrical balance, the elements used on
one side of the design are similar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are different but
still looked balanced. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar.

Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand
out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.

Movement is the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Such movement can be
directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art.

Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

Repetition works with pattern to make the work of art seem active. The repetition of elements of design creates
unity within the work of art.

Proportion is the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other.
When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body.

Rhythm is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a feeling of organized
movement. Rhythm creates a mood like music or dancing. To keep rhythm exciting and active, variety is essential.

Variety is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye
through and around the work of art.

Unity is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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