INTEGRATIVE METHOD IN TEACHING It has long been known that classes where maintaining discipline.

Regardless of the
SOCIAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINE IN BASIC the teacher talks incessantly throughout the personal style, a good teacher is expected
EDUCATION lecture, while the students are passive to present the lesson in a clear and age-
listeners, do not yield satisfactory results. appropriate way. 
 Characteristics of good teaching
Modern education requires active student
method  4. GOOD RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
participation, which can be achieved by
 Factors that determine the selection TEACHER AND STUDENT
of teaching method  using some of the following active learning
 Lecture method  techniques:  Student-teacher relationships should be
 Problem-solving method  characterized by mutual respect. To build
• Discussion 
 Project method  such a positive relationship, both sides have
• Brainstorming 
 Role-play  • Note-taking  to demonstrate positive qualities. On the
 Dramatization method  • Teamwork one hand, teachers will earn students’
 Collaborative learning  respect if they set clear and fair rules.
 Multi-media approach  Effective classroom management is very
 Activity-based learning  2. GREAT LEARNING ENVIRONMENT important in this case since students expect
 Local craft museum The environment in which teaching takes a certain level of discipline and the lack of it
place is extremely important for a positive may cause an unproductive classroom
CHARACTERISTICS OF TEACHING learning experience. To make students feel atmosphere. 
comfortable, schools strive to create an
Teachers have the greatest responsibility inspirational learning environment 5. CRITICAL THINKING 
when it comes to the quality of education. classroom is a central place for educational
Teaching requires commitment, educational One of the main teaching goals is the
activities, which is why it should be visually
leadership, and the ability to convey development of critical thinking in students.
appealing. This is why classrooms are
knowledge in a way that enables students It helps them to combine acquired
usually filled with colorful posters and
to acquire it. However, knowledge, knowledge, and personal skills and attitudes
pictures that send positive messages
although important, is not the only to correctly interpret the obtained
(respect your classmates, read books, eat
necessary parameter for successful information. In practice, this means that
healthy, etc.). 
teaching. Teachers also need to understand teachers should encourage students to
students’ needs, the and way they think, 3. CLEAR COMMUNICATION interpret the received information in their
and to be able to maintain their attention in own way, and to take a certain position
The way in which the teacher
class in order to be successful. which they will defend with arguments. This
communicates with students is crucial for
learning. Teachers’ manners and is one of the requirements for successfully
6 Characteristics of Good Teaching
approaches to students may vary, while overcoming obstacles in life, which is why
1. ACTIVE LEARNING TECHNIQUES critical thinking education is extremely
some are relaxed, others firmly believe in
important both in modern education, and Choosing an instructional method then The formal, verbal presentation of
life in eneral. requires the instructor to consider at least information or other material by an
three main aspects: 1) the learning instructor to a group of students or other
6. PROBLEM-SOLVING
objectives, to make sure the method is learners. The lecture method is used mainly
One of the most important characteristics appropriate, 2) the nature of the materials when groups are large or time is limited
of teaching is problem-solving. Not only is and 3) how we want students to interact (e.g., in personnel training). It can also be
overcoming obstacles crucial for a with this information.  used to introduce other instructional
successful education, but it also represents methods, such as audiovisual presentations
FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHING RELATED
the foundation for a successful professional or role play, or to summarize material
TO TEACHER 
and private life. Although it may not seem developed by other means. 
like it, teachers find it hard to define tasks Teachers are the pillars for their students.
Problem Solving Method
that will be challenging enough without They play the most important role in their
being too hard. Appropriate tasks will not students’ life by providing support, boosting Problem solving is the process of identifying
make students feel helpless and inadequate their confidence, guiding them in the right an existing problem, determining the root
but will encourage them to work toward a direction, and of course teaching them. cause or causes of the problem, deciding
solution. They are the facilitator of learning in the the best course of action in order to solve
learning teaching process. The best teacher the problem, and then finally implementing
10 Qualities of a Good Teacher
is one who is able to apply the best teaching it to solve the problem. 
 Good Teachers are Strong method to teach students and guide them
Role Play Method
Communicators  towards a quality learning process.
 Good Teachers are Adaptable  Role-play is a technique that allows
FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHING RELATED
 Good Teachers Listen Well  students to explore realistic situations by
TO TEACHER
 Good Teachers are Engaging  interacting with other people in a managed
 Good Teachers Focus on  Teacher Development is an entire process in way in order to develop experience and trial
 Collaboration  itself that involves upskilling, learning and different strategies in a supported
 Good Teachers show Empathy evolving as a Teacher. It provides adequate environment. 
 Good Teachers Have Patience  training to a Teacher to be able to match
 Good Teachers Value Real-World the growing needs of students and parents
Learning  in the classroom and beyond.
 Good Teachers are Lifelong Learners
 Good Teachers Share Best Practices  DIFFERENT TEACHING METHOD
Lecture Method
FACTORS WHICH THAT DETERMINE THE
SELECTION OF TEACHING METHOD
Dramatization MethodDramatization in and building a shared playlist of videos, for Local Craft Museum Through arts and
education is an activity which provides example, educators share inspiration to crafts, children learn to value and
learners all learning styles as whole and develop high-quality resources for their appreciate artifacts and images across
learning by experience these are by classes. cultures and times. Experience in design,
movement, active learning, social learning, arts, and crafts enable them to reflect
Multimedia Approach The multimedia
learning by discussion, emotional learning, critically on their own work and those by
approach empowers the student to speak
collaborative learning, and learning by others. They learn to act and think like
to data utilizing a few unique media. It can
discover.  designers and artists, working intelligently
stimulate the interest of the student and
and creatively.
Collaborative Learning  give them striking impressions. Multimedia
can consider diverse learning styles – some Art and crafts help young children explore
Collaborative learning is a situation in which
students learn by translating the content, and express their emotions, share how they
two or more people learn or attempt to
while others require more graphical relate to their family and friends, and talk
learn something together. Unlike individual
portrayals. about their difficulties, their future dreams
learning, people engaged in collaborative
and aspirations, even if they have not yet
learning capitalize on one another's 5 Benefits of Multimedia Learning 
developed a full vocabulary to do so. It also
resources and skills.
 Deeper understanding.  develops courage and a healthy self-
Role of the teachers in collaborative  Improved problem solving.  esteem. Art & craft is organized expressions
learning Teachers facilitates collaborative  Increased positive emotions.  of ideas, feelings and experiences in images,
learning by creating learning tasks that  Access to a vast variety of in language, in gesture and in movement.
encourage diversity but aim at high information. 5. They provide for sensory,
standards of performance for all students.  World exploration.  emotional, intellectual and creative
These tasks involve students in high-level enrichment and contribute to the learner's
thought processes such as decision-making holistic development.
Importance of Activity Based Learning
and problem-solving That is best
(ABL)  THE TRADITIONAL ORGANIZATION OF
accomplished in collaboration. Activity-based learning also facilitates better CLASSROOM INSTRUCTIONS.
Benefits of effective collaboration Kids understanding by creating far learning
grounds for everyone. It ensures that the Traditional instruction
learn best in a social environment. Subject
student is always engaged in learning; a structured education program that
or topic information can be more effective
sharpens the analytical skills and problem- focuses on face-to-face teacher-centered
when it comes from peers. Collaborative
solving skills of the learners and instruction, including teacher-led discussion
learning encourages this social aspect of
also promotes the binding between tutor and teacher knowledge imparted to
education and enhances student
and learner. students. Students are matched by age, and
understanding. Educators can share
possibly also ability. Instructional materials
workload, and ideas. By collaborating on
are based on textbooks, lectures, and with the grouping of pupils for educational (1) large-group instruction, in which the
individual written assignments. All students experience and instruction. total complement of some 50 to 150
in the classroom generally receive a single, students in the program is periodically
Pupils in general are organized by age into
unified curriculum. Subjects are often taught by one teacher (either the same
what are usually termed grades, classes, or
individual and independent instead of teacher or several teachers in rotation) in a
forms. Each school is also usually
integrated and interdisciplinary, particularly lecture hall;
either comprehensive (containing students
in secondary school.
pursuing various academic, commercial, (2) small-group instruction, which
Traditional Classroom and vocational curricula) or based on the alternates with large-group instruction so as
so-called dual plan (containing only to allow small numbers of students and a
A traditional classroom is an educational
students pursuing a particular curriculum). member of the teaching team to discuss,
place where the teacher delivers knowledge
In some countries, the dual system is report, and exchange ideas;
to the students in person without any third-
actually tripartite: there may be schools for
party medium. This is the most common (3) independent study, whereby students
classical academic study, schools for
way of learning all around the world. Here, are given individual projects or library work;
technical or vocational study, and schools
the pace of learning remains constant. and
for more generalized, “modern,” diversified
Traditional classrooms are placed to study. Whether comprehensive or dual- (4) team planning sessions, in which, daily
transmit the skills, values, and knowledge of plan, schools frequently have some kind of or weekly, the teachers plan, coordinate,
social and moral conduct to the next streaming or multi-tracking whereby report on, and evaluate their programs.
generation. students are grouped according to ability so
How do I need to structure desks and for
that there are separate classes for the less
what activities?
able and the more able.
For teacher-focused activities, straight rows
Classroom instruction
Team teaching represents an attempt to facing front and; a chevron pattern angled
 means that part of a driver education make better use of every teacher’s potential to face front are most appropriate and
course that occurs in a classroom in any subject area, to create a flexible needed when giving/projecting direct
environment that enables a student to learn learning situation, and to make non- information from the front of the
through varied instructional methods, streaming more effective. For example, the classroom. This desk structure provides
under the direct guidance of a driver normal class of 30 pupils with an individual teacher control and lets you put certain kids
education instructor. subject teacher is replaced by a larger group upfront; however, it complicates teachers
of pupils and a team of teachers, who pool and students getting in and out of rows, and
The organization of instruction
their efforts. Although the team plan may separation can inhibit student-teacher
Educational organization rests to some take several forms, it generally assumes relationship-building.
extent on psychological views some variety of the following elements:
about learning, but explicitly it is concerned
For student-focused activities, whole/semi- A Structured Classroom bumping into each other. Students having
circles, triads and quad groups, and rotation their personal space is just as important as
 Establish rules and routines from the
stations are necessary when working on physical space.
get-go
collaboration, teamwork, relationship-
 Establish a classroom community of An Organized Classroom
building, and projects. Those student- respect (See For The Love of
focused arrangements are more engaging Responsive Classroom.)  Create a student-friendly
and active, and they create a  Establish clear routines, environment that is inviting and
structure/control for the social interaction expectations and logical welcoming.
that our students need. consequences (see my Interactive  Carefully define and separate your
Modeling Scripts for routines at students’ space from the teacher’s
Strict vs Structured space.
my Shop.
Some teachers have been known to be  Establish clear learning goals  Identify spaces that will be utilized
 Provide flexibility for teaching and learning, for whole
either strict or structured. Not that either
 Show interest in your students group teaching, small groups, work
strict or structured or both, is a bad thing to
 Develop relationships with students areas, centers, etc. 
be. However, the need for a comparison of  Identify “dead” spaces to be used
the two terms should be made clear.   and their families
for storage areas.
By Webster’s definition, strict means  Teach students about the physical
If you do not have a structured classroom, space. Teach students that
stringent in requirement or
your students will not learn to their highest everything in the classroom has a
control under strict orders; severe in the
potential. Once you have a structure space, like their personal belongings,
discipline.  I often related the term strict to
classroom management down pat, it’s full classroom materials, and resources.
what someone says you can and cannot do. 
steam ahead to teaching and learning.  Label everything, including bins and
Structured means something is arranged in shelves, materials and resources.
The Physical Space Your students could then “read” the
a definite pattern of organization.  A
classroom that is structured is very room if they forget where
Organizing the physical space is another
something is or goes.
important in managing and organizing an important piece of the classroom. It should
 Update the classroom display
effective classroom. Rules are in place that be a place that is organized, inviting, and
spaces, such as student work on
limit what kids can and cannot do to keep and makes the best use of the classroom bulletin boards.
others safe but structure provides an space. 
organization and routine that produces an
Classrooms come in all shapes and sizes and As you set up your structured classroom,
environment that is conducive for children
I was completely bummed when I had a think about how you’ll organize the physical
to learn. A safe environment that is
small, stuffy room that was not conducive space and manage your students so it is an
structured is a perfect balance.
for 20-25 bodies to move around in without
environment that is conducive for teaching Proper Guidance: The presence of a subject understanding of the natural and social
and learning. teacher is also beneficial as the doubts arise world (including natural sciences,
in mid-lecture can be solved then and there. geography, history, biology, physics, and
It will also promote more students – chemistry); and personal and social
Traditional Education System teacher interactions which will add on to development (including artistic education,
the learning capabilities of student. citizenship, ethics and physical education).
Traditional learning holds the use of
(Mexico, Study plan of basic education,
conventional learning tools comprising of The theme is one discipline
2011).
blackboards, chalks, books and pens.
A major component of being an
Confined within the walls of classrooms, Theme – Collaboration
effective teacher is making correct
students acquire education from teachers
classroom discipline decisions. Teachers Teacher collaboration involves teachers
present in the classroom and get direct
who cannot manage student discipline in working together to achieve a common goal
assistance from them in the time of
their classroom are limited in their overall through the sharing of evidence-informed
inconvenience or doubts regarding the
effectiveness in almost every other area of practices, knowledge, and problem-
subject. Enrolled to the institution for a
teaching. Classroom discipline in that sense solving. Teacher quality improves when
specific term or period, the students attend
may be the most critical component of teachers recognize their own expertise and
classes every day. Still followed by a huge
being an outstanding teacher. feel comfortable in offering it, while also
number of educational institutions, the
being open to accepting the advice and
customary learning through classrooms has Study of two or more Learning Areas
feedback of others.
its own perk and worth such as:
Grouping of traditionally discrete but
Social Exposure: Getting exposed to a group related subjects with the explicit aim of
of students from different places across the integrating students’ learning. For example,
world will always be fun and relaxing. It will the learning area ‘social sciences/studies’
not only increase the sharing of knowledge can include elements of geography, history,
but will encourage the students to learn citizenship, economy/ commerce,
more. philosophy, and sociology. (Adapted from:
UNESCO IBE 2011).
Extra-Curricular Activities: In a group full of
same age groups, learning can either be Many education systems organize the
academic or other group activities curriculum of general education around
promoting proper learning. Students can broad learning areas or fields of learning.
not only part-take in different activities but For example: language and communication
classroom learning will stretch their (including a first and a second language);
learning ability to the fullest mathematical thinking; exploration and