2020/2021 Semester II

Title of Experiment : Introduction to Electronics Measuring Equipment

Date of Experiment : Week 12

Lecturer’s Name : Ts. Dr. Norazlianie Binti Sazali

Section :2

Group Number :2

Group of Member :5

Name ID
1. Shirey Wong Ling Ling KH20033
2. Muhammad Nabil Farhaan Bin Zulkipeli KH20024
3. Muhammad Nur Zuhaiqal Bin Mohd Safri KH20030
4. Nur Farzana Binti Yusuf KH20031
5. Rathashine A/P Sugumaran KH20026

Marks :
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND PROCESS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

Tear here
Please keep for student reference.

Submitted by: Received by:

(Shirey Wong Ling Ling)

(Ts. Dr. Norazlianie Binti Sazali )

Subject Code : BTK2233 Electrical Technology in Chemical Industry Date Submitted: 8 June 2021

Title of Experiment: Introduction to Electronics Measuring Equipment

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ 1

2.0 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................ 2

3.0 RESULT .............................................................................................................. 4

4.0 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 6

5.0 CONCLUSION................................................................................................... 7

6.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 8

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1.0 ABSTRACT

The aim of the experiment is to gain knowledge about the utilization of direct current (DC)
power sources and measuring equipment. DC power sources are used to power various equipment,
such as operational amplifier, logic circuit, and definition systems where voltages should be
calculated precisely with insignificant (negligible) error. Digital multimeter and oscilloscope are
the two main measuring equipment used, while DC power supply and function generator are used
as power sources when conducting this experiment. There are mainly two types of electric circuits,
namely series circuit and parallel circuit. The complex circuits are the combination of the both
series and parallel circuits, which should be simplified to calculate the currents and voltage across
the components (resistors) in the circuit. To summarize the methodology for this experiment, it is
first started by analyzing resistance measurements, with the power be disconnected, and connect
the leads positive and negative terminals to the digital multimeter (DMM). Next, choose two-wire
resistance measurement with five different resistor values. The measured and expected values of
the three different resistor were calculated and results were tabulated in a table to analyze the data.
Next, the experiment is started with series circuit then followed by parallel circuit and combination
of series-parallel circuit to analyze current and voltage measurements. Then, the voltage and
current of each resistor in series circuit, parallel circuit and combination of series-parallel circuit
were measured and tabulated respectively by using DMM. For the results, all the calculations are
conducted using Ohm’s Law depending on the properties of current, voltage and resistance in
series and parallel circuits. As a conclusion, we have achieved the objectives of our experiment.
We have learned about the utilization of DC power and measuring equipment.

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2.0 METHODOLOGY

Experiment 1: Resistance Measurement

1. Any power measured in the circuit were disconnected.

2. Positive and negative/ground leads terminal were connected at the digital multimeter (DMM).
It is best to measure before placing a resistor or a component in a circuit.

3. Ω 2W (two-wire resistance measurement) was selected.

4. Five different resistors values were then selected.

5. Three different resistors that we have on the table were calculated and measured. The expected
and measured resistance values were listed down.

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Experiment 2: Current and Voltage Measurements

Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3

1. A series circuit, parallel circuit and combination of series-parallel circuit were built as shown
in Figure 2.1, Figure 2.2 and Figure 2.3 respectively.

2. Voltage and current for each resistor in series circuit and parallel circuit were measured using
DMM.

3. The result were tabulated.

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3.0 RESULT

Resistor Color Code Calculated value Measured value

st
1 Green 5 5X2X10K =520K ohm V= 5
R1 2nd Red 2 1% I= 9.5785u
3rd Yellow 10K V=IR
4th Brown 1% R=V/I
=522K
1st Red 2 2.3M 2.30M
2nd Orange 3
R2 3rd Green 100K
4th Red 2%
1st Orange 3 3x1x10K=310K ohm 310K
2nd Brown 1 0.5%
R3 3rd Yellow 10K
4th Green 0.5%

Table 3.1: The Calculated Value and Measure Value of Three Different Resistor.

Measurement Value
V1 10.00
V2 9.9788
V3 9.9576
I1 21.186u
I2 21.186u
I3 21.186u

Table 3.2: The Measurement Value of Voltage and Current in Series Circuit.

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 Measurement Value
V1 10
V2 10
V3 10
I1 21.277m
I2 10m
I3 1m

Table 3.3: The Measurement Value of Voltage and Current in Parallel Circuit.

Measurement Value
V1 5.000
V2 4.0122
V3 4.0122
V4 2.1016
I1 2.1016m
I2 1.9106m
I3 1.9106m
I4 2.1016m

Table 3.4: The Measurement Value of Voltage and Current in Combination of Series-
Parallel Circuit.

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4.0 DISCUSSION

We can see that all current value in a series circuit are the same, but the voltage value is
different. Following the trial, the current value for all three currents was found to be 21.1860uA
because of a series circuit has just one channel for electricity to travel and the amount of current in the
circuit remains constant regardless of which component is used. It's also because the electric charge
flowing through conductors at each point in the circuit always equal at all times. The force produced
by an electrical circuit's power source to carry charged electrons (current) through a conducting loop
will allow them to perform tasks is known as voltage. The voltage levels in the series circuit at V1, V2
and V3 were 10.0000V, 9.9788V, and 9.9576V respectively. The voltage rise produced by the voltage
source equals the sum of the voltage reductions across the resistors since voltage divides.
Next, we can observe that the current levels in the parallel circuit are different which is
21.2770mA, 10.0000mA, and 1.0000mA respectively at I1, I2, and I3. As a result, the voltage remains
constant at 10V which is due to the overall current in the circuit is constant in order for no charge to
build up or be lost, the current value changes. As a result, the total of currents in parallel branches is
always the same as the current before the junction. Thus, the overall voltage drop in the exterior circuit
equals the voltage gain when a charge goes through the interior circuit, therefore the voltage in a
parallel circuit is the same as the voltage in a series circuit. A charge goes via a single resistor rather
than all of them in a parallel circuit. As a result, the total voltage drop across that resistor must equal
the battery voltage of 10V.
V1 and V4 in a combination series and parallel circuit have distinct values of 5.0000V and
2.1016V respectively, while V3 and V2 have the same value of 4.0122V. I1 and I4 have the same current
value of 2.1016mA, as do I2 and I3 which have the same current value of 1.9106mA. It's because the
Ohm's law is used to calculate the voltage and current from a mixed series-parallel circuit. Ohm’s law
equation which is V = I × R where to compute the current value in the circuit moreover the total
resistance and total voltage will have to be used.

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5.0 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, based on the data and the result tabulated for this experiment, we could make
a conclusion that the objectives of this experiment were achieved. We have learned about the
utilization of DC power sources and measuring equipment. It is important to understand the
utilization and application of DC power supply because it will be used in powering operational
amplifier, logic circuit and definition system where plus and minus voltages are required to track
with insignificant error. We also learned about the utilization and application of measuring
equipment especially by digital multimeter (DMM). A digital multimeter is a test instrument used
to measure electrical values including voltage, current and resistance. It is one of the most widely
used pieces of test equipment today such as for technicians in the electrical and electronic
industries. There has ability to measure with greater accuracy, reliability and increase impedance.
Besides that, we are performed in resistance measurement by doing this experiment. When a
current is applied to the circuit, the resistance can be calculated by measuring the current and
voltage using Ohm’s Law. Analog multimeter and digital multimeter employ the measurement
principle of Ohm’s Law to measure resistance. In this experiment, we also exposed to perform the
calculations all currents and voltages in a series, parallel and combination circuit. We are
calculated the currents and voltage value by using Ohm’s Law and Series and Parallel rules or
Current Division. In a series circuit, current value is the same in all series components. But, in a
parallel circuit, voltages which across parallel components are equal. Lastly, we have learned to
perform the circuits installation on the breadboard.

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6.0 REFERENCES
What are “Series” and “Parallel” circuits? | Series and parallel circuits | Electronics textbook. (2015,
February 9). All About Circuits - Electrical Engineering & Electronics Community. Retrieved from
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-5/what-are-series-and-parallel-circuits/

What is a digital multimeter? (2021, May 9). Fluke Corporation: Fluke Electronics, Biomedical, Calibration
and Networks. Retrieved from https://www.fluke.com/en-my/learn/blog/electrical/what-is-a-digital-
multimeter