Maa 2.9 Logarithms
Maa 2.9 Logarithms
MAA
A. Practice questions
1
log 3 27 log 3 log 3 3
3
1 1
log log log 0.1
100 10
ln 1 ln e ln e 2
1 1
ln ln ln e
e e2
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[MAA 2.9] LOGARITHMS
log 2 8 x x log1000 x x
log 2 x 3 x log x 3 x
log x 8 3 x ln x 3 x
LHS =
log xy log x log y
RHS =
LHS =
x
log log x log y
y
RHS =
LHS =
log x 2 log x
2
RHS =
log 3 35 log105
3log3 5 10log 5
32log3 5 102log5
33log3 5 103log5
ln e5 log a a 5
e ln 5 a loga 5
e 2ln 5 a 2loga 5
e3ln 5 a 3loga 5
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[MAA 2.9] LOGARITHMS
(b) the coordinates of the point where C cuts the x -axis. [2]
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(b) the coordinates of the point where C cuts the x -axis. [2]
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log xy
x
log
y
log x 3
log xyz
log x 2 y
log x
xy
log
z
log(10 x )
log(100 x )
y
log
10
y
log
100
xy
log
10 z
1
log
z
x2 y7
log
z
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[MAA 2.9] LOGARITHMS
ln xy
x
ln
y
ln x 3
ln xyz
ln x 2 y
ln x
xy
ln
z
ln(ex)
ln(e 2 x)
y
ln
e
y
ln
e2
xy
ln
ez
1
ln
z
x2 y7
ln
z
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[MAA 2.9] LOGARITHMS
log 5 xy
x
log 5
y
log 5 x 3
log 5 x
xy
log 5
z
xy
log 5
5z
1
log 5
z
x2 y7
log 5
z
log 25 x
log x 5
log x y
log z xy
log 25 xy
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[MAA 2.9] LOGARITHMS
LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS
log 3 ( x 1) 2
log( x 1) 2
ln( x 1) 2
log 7 ( x 5) 0
log 7 ( x 5) 1
log( x 5) 0
log( x 5) 1
ln( x 5) 0
ln( x 5) 1
log(2 x) 2
ln(2 x) 2
log(2 x 4) 1
ln(2 x 4) 1
log(2 x 5) 0
ln(2 x 5) 0
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(b) log 4 ( x 14) log 2 x 1 by using change of base on log 4 ( x 14) [3]
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ln x
2
(a) ln x 2 1 0 by letting y ln x [3]
1
(b) ln x 2 by using an appropriate substitution. [2]
ln x
1
(c) log x 2 by using an appropriate substitution. [3]
log x
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PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS
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(a) ln a 3b [3]
a
(b) ln
[3]
b
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1
(b) Find the value of d if log d 6 . [2]
2
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LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS
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[MAA 2.9] LOGARITHMS
Solve the equation 9 log 5 x 25 log x 5 . Express your answers in the form 5 , p, q Z . q
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1
f
–2 –1 0 1 2 x
–1
–2
[3]
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(c) Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the graphs of f and g . [2]
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[MAA 2.9] LOGARITHMS
f g
1
(d) Find ( x) [3]
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[MAA 2.9] LOGARITHMS
ln ax
The function f can also be written in the form f ( x) .
ln b
(c) (i) Write down the value of a and of b .
(ii) Hence on graph paper, sketch the graph of f , for 5 x 5 , 5 y 5 ,
(e) On your diagram, sketch the graph of f 1 , noting clearly the image of point A. [4]
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[MAA 2.9] LOGARITHMS
(b) Write down the values of the terns v1 , v 2 , v3 , v 4 correct to 3 s.f. [3]
(d) Repeat the process (b) to (c) for the new sequence wn by using log , the
logarithm to the base 10, instead of ln. Do you obtain a similar result? [4]
Consider now a geometric sequence u n with first term a and common ratio 3.
(e) Write down the first three terms of the sequence in terms of a. [2]
(f) Show, by using its first three terms that v n is an arithmetic sequence. State the
common difference. [4]
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