Topic: Satellite

Name: Aditya Jindal

Class: XI-B
Roll no: 22
Submitted to: Bakshi Sir
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my greatest gratitude to all
those who directly or indirectly helped and supported
me throughout the project.
Firstly, I am highly indebted to my Physics teacher Mr
Bakshi sir for his guidance and constant supervision as
well as for providing necessary information regarding
the project. I would also like to extend my gratitude to
our principal for giving me a chance to work on this
project.
Finally, I would like to thank my parents, friends &
everyone else for their continued support and
coordination in this project.
 Certificate
This is to certify that Aditya Jindal of class XIthB has
completed his project under my supervision. He has
taken proper care and shown at most sincerity in the
completion of this project. I certify that this project is
up to my expectations and as per the guidelines issued
by C.B.S.E.
Mr. Bakshi
St. Luke’s Sen. Sec. School

Signature: __________
 Report
What is a Satellite?

 An object orbiting around the sun, earth or any other

colossal body is known as a satellite. There are two
major types of categorization when it comes down to
satellites, one is natural and the other is man-made.
 Some examples of natural satellites are planets,
moons, and comets. Jupiter has 67 natural satellites.
The earth has one permanent natural satellite, the
moon we know, which causes the tides in the sea.
Sometimes other objects (like asteroids) can enter
into temporary orbits of the earth and become a
natural satellite for a span.
 Apart from these, the earth has many man-made
satellites that are placed in the orbit and are used for
different applications in communications and
information gathering. As the term itself states, an
artificial satellite is one that is put in our space by
human efforts and follows the orbit of natural
satellites.
 Since they have a very large view field, they can
collect data a lot faster than instruments that can be
used at ground level. Apart from this, their view into
space beyond earth is not blocked by clouds, dust,
and other obscurities, due to which a satellite can
view space a lot more efficiently than telescopes on
earth.
 Currently, there are more than 2,500 man-made
satellites orbiting the earth. Most of these are of
Russian origin. You may wonder why none of these
satellites collides with each other, considering the
volume. Actually, it is quite possible for this to occur.
Although care is taken to launch a satellite in specific
orbits such that collisions never occur, these orbits
can vary in nature. There are many international
organizations in place to prevent such occurrences.
However, in 2009, a couple of Russian and American
satellites did collide for the first time!
 The satellites are launched with a specific objective
in mind pertaining to several uses such as
communications, research in scientific areas,
forecasting the weather, and intelligence. Once out
in the space, all the different types of satellites
follow similar physics principles and are governed by
the same math equations.
Types of Satellites:
1)Geostationary Satellite:
These satellites are placed into orbit at a distance of
around 35,800 km from the earth’s surface. They
rotate in the same direction as the earth and one
revolution of such satellites is the same as one day on
earth (roughly 24 hours). This means that, as seen from
earth, these satellites will appear to be at the same
spot throughout. Hence, the name “geostationary”
satellites. These satellites are used as communication
satellites and for weather-based applications.
2)Polar Satellite:
Polar satellites revolve around the earth in a north-
south direction around the earth as opposed to east-
west like the geostationary satellites. They are very
useful in applications where the field vision of the
entire earth is required in a single day. Since the entire
earth moves below them, this can be done easily. They
are used in weather applications where predicting
weather and climate-based disasters can be done in a
short time. They are also used as relay stations.
Projectile Nature of a Satellite:

 The main thing one can understand about a satellite

is that at the end of the day, they are projectiles. Any
object, that only has the force of gravity acting upon
it, is known as a satellite. The gravity’s force is the
only thing that affects a satellite once it is launched
into the orbit.
 To understand this concept clearly, we will use the
example of launching a satellite from the top of
Newton’s Mountain which is a hypothetical location
well above the influence of the drag force of the air.
Newton was the first scientist to give the concept
that if an object is launched with the adequate speed
it will start orbiting the earth. This object would
experience a gravitational pull that would try to pull
it downwards when it travels in a horizontal
direction tangentially to the earth.
 If the launch speed is slower than the escape velocity
it will fall back to the earth. The lines A and B of the
diagram represent those types of projectiles.
 If a projectile is shot off at an escape velocity with
the perfect speed it will fall into an orbit outside the
 earth and will start revolving around the earth; the
dotted line C represents such an object. If launched
at a higher speed, the object will still revolve around
the earth but will now have an elliptical orbit; the
dotted line D represents such an object.
 It can also be possible that the object is shot at such
a speed that it escapes the gravitational pull of the
earth and become a free body; the solid line E
represents such an object. The objects C and D never
fall back to the earth even though being pulled
towards it continuously, as our earth is a circular
body.
Bibliography
 https://byjus.com

 https://youtube.com

 https://google.com

 https://wikipedia.com