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Instrumentacion Práctica 2

This document describes a laboratory practice on instrumentation and control using resistive sensors. Students will build a resistor bridge circuit to calibrate resistive sensors and measure changes in resistance. They will then amplify the sensor signal using an op-amp circuit. By taking voltage measurements at different resistor values, students create a calibration table and graph to determine the linear relationship between resistance and output voltage. Finally, students answer questions about the measured variable, required ADC resolution, linearity of the measurement, alternative signal conditioning methods, and recommended distance sensors.

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Oscar Guerrero
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45 views5 pages

Instrumentacion Práctica 2

This document describes a laboratory practice on instrumentation and control using resistive sensors. Students will build a resistor bridge circuit to calibrate resistive sensors and measure changes in resistance. They will then amplify the sensor signal using an op-amp circuit. By taking voltage measurements at different resistor values, students create a calibration table and graph to determine the linear relationship between resistance and output voltage. Finally, students answer questions about the measured variable, required ADC resolution, linearity of the measurement, alternative signal conditioning methods, and recommended distance sensors.

Uploaded by

Oscar Guerrero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Escuela Superior de Cómputo

Subject
Instrumentation and control 5CV1

Practice 2

Students
Barajas Gerardo Arturo
Guerrero Esqueda Oscar Ivan
Vargas Torres Baltazar David
Theorical Introduction
A resistive sensor is a transducer or electromechanical device that converts a mechanical change such as
displacement into an electrical signal that can be monitored after conditioning. Based on the principle of
resistive sensors, the conductor length is directly proportional to the resistance of the conductor and is
inversely related to the area of the conductor.

Resistive sensors detect changes in resistance. There are different sensors available in the market which
consider different factors in detecting resistance.

Examples of some basic resistive sensors:

• Thermistors
• Flex sensors
• Force sensing resistors
• Light dependent resistors (photoresistors)

We cannot get resistance directly but we can find it by calculating the voltage. The bottom resistance
remains constant. The top one is a sensor. The voltage is divided into the resistors going into two directions.
Hence, if the resistance changes, the voltage will go up and down. We can detect these changes in
resistance using Ohm’s law.

Objective
The student will learn to use the resistive sensors, such as how to calibrate the different components of a
lineal measure system, so in this wat find the voltage value of the measured variable.

Equip
2 multimeters 2 2kΩ resistors

1 regular voltage font 1 1kΩ resistor

2 banana banana cables 1 10kΩ potentiometer

8 banana cayman cables 3 LM741

1 protoboard Protoboard connections cables


Practice development
1. Resistor bridge
Build the circuit of figure 1 taking on count Wheatstone bridge needs to be in equilibrium, that means 𝑉! /𝑉"
equals 0V, when the precision potentiometer R1 have 1KΩ value. For that, you must determine the value of
the resistors R2, R3 and R4 in accordance with what was seen in class and considering R1 will change from
1KΩ to 10KΩ.

Figure 1
Calibrate the resistor bridge in accordance with the variation of R1 and setting the 𝑉!" =2.5V.

2. Signal amplification
Once calibrated the resistor bridge, proceed to connect it to the circuit of figure two, using the LM741 with
7V. Adjust the gain of the circuit of figure 2 so the exit voltage goes from 0V to 5V in the range of 𝑉!" setting
for resistor bridge.

Figure 2
Setting the values of resistivity needed for R5, R6, R7 y R8. After that proceed to fill the table 1 adjusting the
value of R1 for each value, with the ohmmeter without this is energized and measuring voltages requested
in the table with the CD voltmeter after energizing the circuit.

Resistor R1 𝑉! 𝑉" 𝑉" − 𝑉! 𝑉#"$ Resistencia


(Ω) (volts (volts (volts (volts en R1 (Ω)
medidos) medidos) medidos) medidos) Calculada

1000 3.197 -0.133 0.3


2000 2.47 -0.86 1.8
3000 1.95 -1.37 2.8
4000 1.64 -1.68 3.45
5000 3.333 1.55 -1.77 3.92
6000 1.22 -2.1 4.28
7000 1.09 -2.23 4.57
8000 0.98 -2.35 4.77
9000 0.89 -2.43 4.94
10000 0.81 2.51 5.1

After that make the graphic 𝑉#$% against resistance in R1 and obtain the equation for the graphic.
Questionary
1. Which variable is measured with the circuits implemented in this practice?
2. With sensibility adjusted in mV/Ω, after signal conditioning and if 𝑉&'( = 5V. How much bits should
be the required ADC for this measure?
3. Is the answer lineal? Why?
4. Research and indicate other way to condition the signal of circuit in figure 2.
5. Research which resistive transductor es recommendable for measure distance.

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