M1.-Problem-Solving-Part-1-2-TALACAN - BSME 3A-1
M1.-Problem-Solving-Part-1-2-TALACAN - BSME 3A-1
DEPARTMENT
ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY
CONTROL
ENGINEERING
Credits to: Control System Engineering 6th edition
by Nise
NAME: JERIC C. TALACAN
COURSE, YEAR & SECTION: BSME 3-A1
MODULE 1: PROBLEM
SOLVING
1. A variable resistor, called a potentiometer, is shown in Figure P1.1. The resistance is varied by
moving a wiper arm along a fixed resistance. The resistance from A to C is fixed, but the resistance
from B to C varies with the position of the wiper arm. If it takes 10 turns to move the wiper arm from
A to C, draw a block diagram of the potentiometer showing the input variable, the output variable,
and (inside the block) the gain, which is a constant and is the amount by which the input is multiplied
to obtain the output. [Section 1.4: Introduction to a Case Study]
MODULE 1: PROBLEM
SOLVING
2. A temperature control system operates by sensing the difference between the thermostat setting
and the actual temperature and then opening a fuel valve an amount proportional to this difference.
Draw a functional closed-loop block diagram similar to Figure 1.9(d) identifying the input and output
transducers, the controller, and the plant. Further, identify the input and output signals of all
subsystems previously described. [Section 1.4: Introduction to a Case Study]
MODULE 1: PROBLEM
SOLVING
3. An aircraft’s attitude varies in roll, pitch, and yaw as defined in Figure P1.2. Draw a functional block
diagram for a closed-loop system that stabilizes the roll as follows: The system measures the actual
roll angle with a gyro and compares the actual roll angle with the desired roll angle. The ailerons
respond to the roll angle error by undergoing an angular deflection. The aircraft responds to this
angular deflection, producing a roll angle rate. Identify the input and output transducers, the
controller, and the plant. Further, identify the nature of each signal. [Section 1.4: Introduction to a
Case Study]
MODULE 1: PROBLEM
SOLVING
4. Many processes operate controlled material that moves from a supply reel to a take-up reel.
Typically, these systems, called winders, control the material so that it travels at a constant velocity.
Besides velocity, complex winders also control tension, compensate for roll inertia while accelerating
or decelerating, and regulate acceleration due to sudden changes. A winder is shown in Figure P1.3.
The force transducer measures tension; the winder pulls against the nip rolls, which provide an
opposing force; and the bridle provides slip. In order to compensate for changes in speed, the
material is looped around a dancer. The loop prevents rapid changes from causing excessive slack or
damaging the material. If the dancer position is sensed by a potentiometer or other device, speed
variations due to buildup on the take-up reel or other causes can be controlled by comparing the
potentiometer voltage to the commanded speed. The system then corrects the speed and resets the
dancer to the desired position (Ayers, 1988). Draw a functional block diagram for the speed control
system, showing each component and signal. [Section 1.4: Introduction to a Case Study]
MODULE 1: PROBLEM
SOLVING
5. In a nuclear power generating plant, heat from a reactor is used to generate steam for turbines.
The rate of the fission reaction determines the amount of heat generated, and this rate is controlled
by rods inserted into the radioactive core. The rods regulate the flow of neutrons. If the rods are
lowered into the core, the rate of fission will diminish; if the rods are raised, the fission rate will
increase. By automatically controlling the position of the rods, the amount of heat generated by the
reactor can be regulated. Draw a functional block diagram for the nuclear reactor control system
shown in Figure P1.4. Show all blocks and signals. [Section 1.4: Introduction to a Case Study]
MODULE 1: PROBLEM
SOLVING
6. A university wants to establish a control system model that represents the student population as an
output, with the desired student population as an input. The administration determines the rate of
admissions by comparing the current and desired student populations. The admissions office then
uses this rate to admit students. Draw a functional block diagram showing the administration and the
admissions office as blocks of the system. Also show the following signals: the desired student
population, the actual student population, the desired student rate as determined by the
administration, the actual student rate as generated by the admissions office, the dropout rate, and
the net rate of influx. [Section 1.4: Introduction to a Case Study]
MODULE 1: PROBLEM
SOLVING
7. We can build a control system that will automatically adjust a motorcycle’s radio volume as the
noise generated by the motorcycle changes. The noise generated by the motorcycle increases with
speed. As the noise increases, the system increases the volume of the radio. Assume that the
amount of noise can be represented by a voltage generated by the speedometer cable, and the
volume of the radio is controlled by a dc voltage (Hogan, 1988). If the dc voltage represents the
desired volume disturbed by the motorcycle noise, draw the functional block diagram of the automatic
volume control system, showing the input transducer, the volume control circuit, and the speed
transducer as blocks. Also show the following signals: the desired volume as an input, the actual
volume as an output, and voltages representing speed, desired volume, and actual volume. [Section
1.4: Introduction to a Case Study]
MODULE 1: PROBLEM
SOLVING
8. Your bathtub at home is a control system that keeps the water level constant. A constant flow from
the tap yields a constant water level, because the flow rate through the drain increases as the water
level increases, and decreases as the water level decreases. After equilibrium has been reached, the
level can be controlled by controlling the input flow rate. A low input flow rate yields a lower level,
while a higher input flow rate yields a higher level. [Section 1.4: Introduction to a Case Study]
a. Sketch a control system that uses this principle to precisely control the fluid level in a tank. Show
the intake and drain valves, the tank, any sensors and transducers, and the interconnection of all
components.
b. Draw a functional block diagram of the system, identifying the input and output signals of each block
Continuation
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY
CONTROL
ENGINEERING
Credits to: Control System Engineering 6th edition
by Nise
NAME: JERIC C. TALACAN
COURSE, YEAR & SECTION: BSME 3-A1
8.B.)
MODULE 1: PROBLEM
SOLVING
9. A dynamometer is a device used to measure torque and speed and to vary the load on rotating
devices. The dynamometer operates as follows to control the amount of torque: A hydraulic
actuator attached to the axle presses a tire against a rotating flywheel. The greater the
displacement of the actuator, the more force that is applied to the rotating flywheel. A strain gage
load cell senses the force. The displacement of the actuator is controlled by an electrically operated
valve whose displacement regulates fluid flowing into the actuator (D’Souza, 1988). Draw a
functional block diagram of a closed-loop system that uses the described dynamometer to regulate
the force against the tire during testing. Show all signals and systems. Include amplifiers that power
the valve, the valve, the actuator and load, and the tire. [Section 1.4: Introduction to a Case Study]
MODULE 1: PROBLEM
SOLVING
MODULE 1: PROBLEM
SOLVING
11. The vertical position, x(t), of the grinding wheel shown in Figure P1.5 is controlled by a closed-loop
system. The input to the system is the desired depth of grind, and the output is the actual depth of
grind. The difference between the desired depth and the actual depth drives the motor, resulting in a
force applied to the work. This force results in a feed velocity for the grinding wheel (Jenkins, 1997).
Draw a closed-loop functional block diagram for the grinding process, showing the input, output,
force, and grinder feed rate. [Section 1.4: Introduction to a Case Study]
MODULE 1: PROBLEM
SOLVING
12. A high-speed proportional solenoid valve is shown in Figure P1.6. A voltage proportional to the
desired position of the spool is applied to the coil. The resulting magnetic field produced by the
current in the coil causes the armature to move. A push pin connected to the armature moves the
spool. A linear voltage differential transformer (LVDT) that outputs a voltage proportional to
displacement senses the spool’s position. This voltage can be used in a feedback path to
implement closed-loop operation (Vaughan, 1996). Draw a functional block diagram of the valve,
showing input and output positions, coil voltage, coil current, and spool force. [Section 1.4:
Introduction to a Case Study]