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L16 Qcar

This document discusses quality control, assurance, and reliability concepts including: 1) An example of determining if a cable manufacturer's strength requirement is being met based on the cable's known normal distribution of breaking strengths. 2) Key concepts of sampling distributions and the central limit theorem, such as how the sampling distribution of the sample mean approximates a normal distribution as sample size increases. 3) An example calculating the probability that a sample mean will be less than a given value, based on the population distribution. 4) How to construct a confidence interval for a population mean when the population variance is known, and an example of calculating a 95% confidence interval.

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93 views9 pages

L16 Qcar

This document discusses quality control, assurance, and reliability concepts including: 1) An example of determining if a cable manufacturer's strength requirement is being met based on the cable's known normal distribution of breaking strengths. 2) Key concepts of sampling distributions and the central limit theorem, such as how the sampling distribution of the sample mean approximates a normal distribution as sample size increases. 3) An example calculating the probability that a sample mean will be less than a given value, based on the population distribution. 4) How to construct a confidence interval for a population mean when the population variance is known, and an example of calculating a 95% confidence interval.

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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ME C 443 Quality Control,

Assurance and Reliability


L-16
BITS Pilani Dr. Sachin Waigaonkar
K K Birla Goa Campus
Ex. 2

• The breaking strength of a cable is known to be normally


distributed with a mean of 4000 kg and a standard
deviation of 25 kg. The manufacturer prefers that at least
95% of its product meet a strength requirement of 4050
kg. Is this requirement being met? If not, by changing the
process parameter, what should the process mean target
value be?

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
Sampling Distributions and Central
Limit Theorm
• An estimator, or statistic (which is a characteristic of a sample), is
used to make inferences as to the corresponding parameter.
• For example, an estimator of sample mean is used to draw
conclusions on the population mean.
• Similarly, a sample variance is an estimator of the
population variance.
• Suppose that we have a population with mean μ and standard
deviation σ. If random sample of size n are selected from this
population, the following holds if the sample size is large:
• 1. The sampling distribution of the sample mean will be
approximately normal.
• 2. The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean
will be equal to the population mean, μ.
• 3. The standard deviation of the sample mean is given by
known as Standard error
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
Sampling Distributions

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


Example: Sample Distribution

• The binding strength of a synthetic material used to


make carpets is known to have a mean of 50 kg and a
standard deviation of 10 kg. If a sample of size 40 is
randomly selected, what is the probability that the
sample mean will be less than 52.5 kg?

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
Confidence Interval Estimation

Case 1: Variance is Known


• Suppose that we want to estimate the mean μ of a product
when the population variance is known.
• A random sample of size n is chosen, and the sample mean X
is calculated.
• Using central limit theorem, we know that the sampling
distribution of the point estimator is approximately normal
with mean μ and variance
• A 100(1 - α)% two-sided confidence interval for μ is given by:
• The value of the standard normal variate such that the
right tail area of the standardized normal distribution is α/2.

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


Example

• The output voltage of a power source is known to have a


standard deviation of 10 V. Fifty readings are randomly
selected, yielding an average of 118 V. Find a 95%
confidence interval for the population mean voltage.

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

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