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Experiment 3

To convert a galvanometer into an ammeter, the required shunt resistance is calculated using the galvanometer's resistance and figure of merit. A wire of the calculated length is added as a shunt. The galvanometer and added shunt are tested in a circuit to verify the conversion by comparing readings to a standard ammeter. Errors may occur due to battery emf changes, resistance box calibration inaccuracies, or loose connections.

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Kabir Agnihotri
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442 views4 pages

Experiment 3

To convert a galvanometer into an ammeter, the required shunt resistance is calculated using the galvanometer's resistance and figure of merit. A wire of the calculated length is added as a shunt. The galvanometer and added shunt are tested in a circuit to verify the conversion by comparing readings to a standard ammeter. Errors may occur due to battery emf changes, resistance box calibration inaccuracies, or loose connections.

Uploaded by

Kabir Agnihotri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aim

To convert the given galvanometer (of known


resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter of
desired range and to verify the samne.

Apparatus
A weston type galvanometer, an ammeter of 0-3 A.
range a battery of two cells or battery eliminator, two
(10,000 Q and 200 Q) resistance boxes, two one way
keys, a rheostat, connecting wires and a piece of
sand paper.

Theory
The shunt resistance required for
conversion,

where I is the range of conversion.

Circuit diagram
E
www
Rheostat

S
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Procedure

1. Count the total number of divisions on either


side of zero of the
galvanometer scale. Let it be
n.

2. Calculate the current (la) for full scale deflection


ie,Ig= nk.
3. Calculate the value of shunt resistance, for
Conversion into ammeter, using the formula,

.G
S
1-1
where I is the range of conversion.
(The value of shunt resistance S is usually very
small and aresistance box of that range is not
available. Such small resistances are obtained
by taking wires of copper, constantan,
manganin, eureka, etc., of a suitable diameter
and length).
4. Cut a length of the wire 2 cm more than the
calculated value lI. Mark two points on the wire,
one cm away from each end. Connect this wire
to the two terminals of the galvanometer such
that the marked points are just outside the
terminal screws. This galvanometer with shunt
wire, will now work as an ammeter of range I.
5. Make the electric connections as shown in
circuit diagram.
4. Cut a length of the wire 2 cm more than the

calculated value I. Mark two points on the wire,


Connect this wire
one cm away from each end.
to the two terminals of the galvanometer such
that the marked points are just outside the
terminal screws. This galvanometer with shunt

wire, will now work as an ammeter of rangeI.

5. Make the electric connections as shown in

circuit diagram.
6. Insert the key and adjust the rheostat so that
the galvanometer shows nearly maxi-mum

deflection.
7. Note the reading on the galvanometer scale
and also corresponding reading on the
ammeter.

8. Record your observations.

Calculations
Resistance of the galvanometer, G.
k.
Figure of merit,
Number of divisions in the galvanometer scale,n
=..

Current for full scale deflection, nk

Range of conversion, I=.**

:. Shunt resistance S=-


1-1
TABLE FOR VERIFICATION OF ebseNd iGn)able
CONVERSION OF GALVANOMETER INTO AN
Resistance applied Converted AMMETER
No. ammeter reading
of in resistance box Standard Error Error %
No. of ammeter
obser divisions
Corresponding
vations current reading
I I-1 -x 100
I=k'xn (A) (A)
I

1.

3.

RESULT
1. Current I, required for full scale deflection in the galvanometer = mA.
2. Resistance of shunt required to convert the galvanometer into ammeter (0-100 mA range)
S 2.
3. Required length of the given wire (material ) of radius = cm and specific resistance
= 2 cm is cm.
4. Since the error (1' - ) is very small, conversion is verified.

PRECAUTIONS
1. Make all the connections neat, clean and tight.
2. The resistance box to be used in series should have very high resistance as compared to resistance of
galvanometer and that to be used in parallel should have low resistance.
3. Use a freshly charged battery so that its emf may remain constant throughout the experiment.

4. The deflection in galvanometer should be large and in even number of divisions.


the ammeter of the same range as the range of conversion.
5. For verification use

6. Take 3 to 4 cm extra length of wire than the calculated one.

SOURCES OF ERROR
1. The emf of the battery may change during the experiment.
boxes may not be correct.
2. Calibration of resistances in resistance
resistance.
3. Plugs in resistance boxes may not
be tight and may have contact

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