A P P E N D I X

Figure A.1 y
h
3 4 r π r2
Centroids and moments A=
bh
3 π A=
h 2
of inertia of plane areas. x x 2
bh3
r
x r x Ixx = 0.110r4
Ixx = π r4
36 Ixx =
b 8
y

h
2
r
h x x
A = bh D x x A = π r2
bh3 r π r4
Ixx = Ixx =
12 4
b

A = 2.5981L2 a
A = π ab
x x
Ix = 0.5127L4 x x π a3b
Ixx =
L 4

Volume and Area Formulas:

2 2
A circle r D ⁄4

2
A sphere surface D

1 3 4 3
V sphere ---
6
D ---
3
r
A-2 APPENDIX

Table A.1 COMPRESSIBLE FLOW TABLES FOR AN IDEAL GAS WITH k 1.4

M or M1 local number or Mach number upstream of a normal shock wave; p ⁄ pt ratio of static
pressure to total pressure; ⁄ t ratio of static density to total density; T ⁄ Tt ratio of static
temperature to total temperature; A ⁄ A * ratio of local cross-sectional area of an isentropic stream
tube to cross-sectional area at the point where M 1; M2 Mach number downstream of a normal
shock wave; p2 ⁄ p1 static pressure ratio across a normal shock wave; T2 ⁄ T1 static pressure ratio
across a normal shock wave; p t2 ⁄ p t 1 total pressure ratio across normal shock wave.

Subsonic Flow
M p ⁄ pt ⁄ t T ⁄ Tt A ⁄ A*
0.00 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 ∞
0.05 0.9983 0.9988 0.9995 11.5914
0.10 0.9930 0.9950 0.9980 5.8218
0.15 0.9844 0.9888 0.9955 3.9103
0.20 0.9725 0.9803 0.9921 2.9630
0.25 0.9575 0.9694 0.9877 2.4027
0.30 0.9395 0.9564 0.9823 2.0351
0.35 0.9188 0.9413 0.9761 1.7780
0.40 0.8956 0.9243 0.9690 1.5901
0.45 0.8703 0.9055 0.9611 1.4487
0.50 0.8430 0.8852 0.9524 1.3398
0.52 0.8317 0.8766 0.9487 1.3034
0.54 0.8201 0.8679 0.9449 1.2703
0.56 0.8082 0.8589 0.9410 1.2403
0.58 0.7962 0.8498 0.9370 1.2130
0.60 0.7840 0.8405 0.9328 1.1882
0.62 0.7716 0.8310 0.9286 1.1657
0.64 0.7591 0.8213 0.9243 1.1452
0.66 0.7465 0.8115 0.9199 1.1265
0.68 0.7338 0.8016 0.9153 1.1097
0.70 0.7209 0.7916 0.9107 1.0944
0.72 0.7080 0.7814 0.9061 1.0806
0.74 0.6951 0.7712 0.9013 1.0681
0.76 0.6821 0.7609 0.8964 1.0570
0.78 0.6691 0.7505 0.8915 1.0471
0.80 0.6560 0.7400 0.8865 1.0382
0.82 0.6430 0.7295 0.8815 1.0305
0.84 0.6300 0.7189 0.8763 1.0237
0.86 0.6170 0.7083 0.8711 1.0179
0.88 0.6041 0.6977 0.8659 1.0129
0.90 0.5913 0.6870 0.8606 1.0089
0.92 0.5785 0.6764 0.8552 1.0056
0.94 0.5658 0.6658 0.8498 1.0031
0.96 0.5532 0.6551 0.8444 1.0014
0.98 0.5407 0.6445 0.8389 1.0003
1.00 0.5283 0.6339 0.8333 1.0000
(Continued)
APPENDIX A-3

Table A.1 COMPRESSIBLE FLOW TABLES FOR AN IDEAL GAS WITH k 1.4 (Continued )

Supersonic Flow Normal Shock Wave

M1 p ⁄ pt ⁄ t T ⁄ Tt A ⁄ A* M2 p2 ⁄ p1 T2 ⁄ T1 p t 2 ⁄ p t1
1.00 0.5283 0.6339 0.8333 1.000 1.0000 1.000 1.000 1.0000
1.01 0.5221 0.6287 0.8306 1.000 0.9901 1.023 1.007 0.9999
1.02 0.5160 0.6234 0.8278 1.000 0.9805 1.047 1.013 0.9999
1.03 0.5099 0.6181 0.8250 1.001 0.9712 1.071 1.020 0.9999
1.04 0.5039 0.6129 0.8222 1.001 0.9620 1.095 1.026 0.9999
1.05 0.4979 0.6077 0.8193 1.002 0.9531 1.120 1.033 0.9998
1.06 0.4919 0.6024 0.8165 1.003 0.9444 1.144 1.039 0.9997
1.07 0.4860 0.5972 0.8137 1.004 0.9360 1.169 1.046 0.9996
1.08 0.4800 0.5920 0.8108 1.005 0.9277 1.194 1.052 0.9994
1.09 0.4742 0.5869 0.8080 1.006 0.9196 1.219 1.059 0.9992
1.10 0.4684 0.5817 0.8052 1.008 0.9118 1.245 1.065 0.9989
1.11 0.4626 0.5766 0.8023 1.010 0.9041 1.271 1.071 0.9986
1.12 0.4568 0.5714 0.7994 1.011 0.8966 1.297 1.078 0.9982
1.13 0.4511 0.5663 0.7966 1.013 0.8892 1.323 1.084 0.9978
1.14 0.4455 0.5612 0.7937 1.015 0.8820 1.350 1.090 0.9973
1.15 0.4398 0.5562 0.7908 1.017 0.8750 1.376 1.097 0.9967
1.16 0.4343 0.5511 0.7879 1.020 0.8682 1.403 1.103 0.9961
1.17 0.4287 0.5461 0.7851 1.022 0.8615 1.430 1.109 0.9953
1.18 0.4232 0.5411 0.7822 1.025 0.8549 1.458 1.115 0.9946
1.19 0.4178 0.5361 0.7793 1.026 0.8485 1.485 1.122 0.9937
1.20 0.4124 0.5311 0.7764 1.030 0.8422 1.513 1.128 0.9928
1.21 0.4070 0.5262 0.7735 1.033 0.8360 1.541 1.134 0.9918
1.22 0.4017 0.5213 0.7706 1.037 0.8300 1.570 1.141 0.9907
1.23 0.3964 0.5164 0.7677 1.040 0.8241 1.598 1.147 0.9896
1.24 0.3912 0.5115 0.7648 1.043 0.8183 1.627 1.153 0.9884
1.25 0.3861 0.5067 0.7619 1.047 0.8126 1.656 1.159 0.9871
1.30 0.3609 0.4829 0.7474 1.066 0.7860 1.805 1.191 0.9794
1.35 0.3370 0.4598 0.7329 1.089 0.7618 1.960 1.223 0.9697
1.40 0.3142 0.4374 0.7184 1.115 0.7397 2.120 1.255 0.9582
1.45 0.2927 0.4158 0.7040 1.144 0.7196 2.286 1.287 0.9448
1.50 0.2724 0.3950 0.6897 1.176 0.7011 2.458 1.320 0.9278
1.55 0.2533 0.3750 0.6754 1.212 0.6841 2.636 1.354 0.9132
1.60 0.2353 0.3557 0.6614 1.250 0.6684 2.820 1.388 0.8952
1.65 0.2184 0.3373 0.6475 1.292 0.6540 3.010 1.423 0.8760
1.70 0.2026 0.3197 0.6337 1.338 0.6405 3.205 1.458 0.8557
1.75 0.1878 0.3029 0.6202 1.386 0.6281 3.406 1.495 0.8346
1.80 0.1740 0.2868 0.6068 1.439 0.6165 3.613 1.532 0.8127
1.85 0.1612 0.2715 0.5936 1.495 0.6057 3.826 1.569 0.7902
1.90 0.1492 0.2570 0.5807 1.555 0.5956 4.045 1.608 0.7674
1.95 0.1381 0.2432 0.5680 1.619 0.5862 4.270 1.647 0.7442
2.00 0.1278 0.2300 0.5556 1.688 0.5774 4.500 1.688 0.7209
2.10 0.1094 0.2058 0.5313 1.837 0.5613 4.978 1.770 0.6742
2.20 0.9352–1† 0.1841 0.5081 2.005 0.5471 5.480 1.857 0.6281
2.30 0.7997–1 0.1646 0.4859 2.193 0.5344 6.005 1.947 0.5833
2.50 0.5853–1 0.1317 0.4444 2.637 0.5130 7.125 2.138 0.4990
2.60 0.5012–1 0.1179 0.4252 2.896 0.5039 7.720 2.238 0.4601
2.70 0.4295–1 0.1056 0.4068 3.183 0.4956 8.338 2.343 0.4236
2.80 0.3685–1 0.9463–1 0.3894 3.500 0.4882 8.980 2.451 0.3895
2.90 0.3165–1 0.8489–1 0.3729 3.850 0.4814 9.645 2.563 0.3577
3.00 0.2722–1 0.7623–1 0.3571 4.235 0.4752 10.330 2.679 0.3283
3.50 0.1311–1 0.4523–1 0.2899 6.790 0.4512 14.130 3.315 0.2129
4.00 0.6586–2 0.2766–1 0.2381 10.72 0.4350 18.500 4.047 0.1388
(Continued)
A-4 APPENDIX

Table A.1 COMPRESSIBLE FLOW TABLES FOR AN IDEAL GAS WITH k 1.4 (Continued)

Supersonic Flow Normal Shock Wave

M1 p ⁄ pt ⁄ t T ⁄ Tt A ⁄ A* M2 p2 ⁄ p1 T2 ⁄ T1 pt2 ⁄ pt1
4.50 0.3455–2 0.1745–1 0.1980 16.56 0.4236 23.460 4.875 0.9170–1
5.00 0.1890–2 0.1134–1 0.1667 25.00 0.4152 29.000 5.800 0.6172–1
5.50 0.1075–2 0.7578–2 0.1418 36.87 0.4090 35.130 6.822 0.4236–1
6.00 0.6334–2 0.5194–2 0.1220 53.18 0.4042 41.830 7.941 0.2965–1
6.50 0.3855–2 0.3643–2 0.1058 75.13 0.4004 49.130 9.156 0.2115–1
7.00 0.2416–3 0.2609–2 0.9259–1 104.1 0.3974 57.000 10.47 0.1535–1
7.50 0.1554–3 0.1904–2 0.8163–1 141.8 0.3949 65.460 11.88 0.1133 –1
8.00 0.1024–3 0.1414–2 0.7246–1 190.1 0.3929 74.500 13.39 0.8488–2
8.50 0.6898–4 0.1066–2 0.6472–1 251.1 0.3912 84.130 14.99 0.6449–2
9.00 0.4739–4 0.8150–3 0.5814–1 327.2 0.3898 94.330 16.69 0.4964–2
9.50 0.3314–4 0.6313–3 0.5249–1 421.1 0.3886 105.100 18.49 0.3866–2
10.00 0.2356–4 0.4948–3 0.4762–1 535.9 0.3876 116.500 20.39 0.3045–2

†x–n means x 10–n.

SOURCE: Abridged with permission from R. E. Bolz and G. L. Tuve, The Handbook of Tables for Applied Engineering Sciences, CRC
Press, Inc., Cleveland, 1973. Copyright © 1973 by The Chemical Rubber Co., CRC Press, Inc.
APPENDIX A-5

Figure A.2 Temperature, °C

Absolute viscosities of –2 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
1 × 10
certain gases and liquids 8 8
6 6
[Adapted from Fluid
Glycerine
Mechanics, 5th ed., by 4
4
3 3
V. L. Streeter. Copyright ©
Helium 2
1971, McGraw-Hill Book 2
Company, New York. Used Hydrogen
with permission of the 1 × 10–3 1 × 10–4
8 SA 8
McGraw-Hill Book E
6 10 6
Company.] W-
30
4 SAE 20W 4
3 3
Air and oxygen
2 2
Carbon dioxide
1 × 10–4 1 × 10–5

Kinematic viscosity, m2/s

Kinematic viscosity, ft2/s

8 8
6 Crude oil (S = 0.86) 6

4 4
Kerosene
3 3

2 2
Water

1 × 10–5 1 × 10–6
8 Carb Ethyl alcohol 8
on t
etra 6
6 chlo
ride
Benzene 4
4
3 Gasoline (S = 0.68) 3

2 2

Mercury
1 × 10–6 1 × 10–7
0 50 100 150 200 250
Temperature, °F
A-6 APPENDIX

Figure A.3 Temperature, °C

Kinematic viscosities of –2 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
1 × 10
certain gases and 8 8
6 6
liquids. The gases are at
Glycerine
standard pressure. 4
4
3 3
[Adapted from Fluid
Helium 2
Mechanics, 5th ed., by 2
V. L. Streeter. Copyright Hydrogen
© 1971, McGraw-Hill 1 × 10–3 1 × 10–4
8 SA 8
Book Company, New E
6 10 6
York. Used with W-
30
4 SAE 20W 4
permission of the
3 3
McGraw-Hill Book Air and oxygen
2 2
Company.]
Carbon dioxide
1 × 10–4 1 × 10–5

Kinematic viscosity, m2/s

Kinematic viscosity, ft2/s

8 8
6 Crude oil (S = 0.86) 6

4 4
Kerosene
3 3

2 2
Water

1 × 10–5 1 × 10–6
8 Carb Ethyl alcohol 8
on t
e trac 6
6 h lorid
e
Benzene 4
4
3 Gasoline (S = 0.68) 3

2 2

Mercury
1 × 10–6 1 × 10–7
0 50 100 150 200 250
Temperature, °F
APPENDIX A-7

Table A.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES [T 15°C (59 °F), p 1 atm]

cp
J S
------------
Kinematic R, kg K Sutherland’s
Density Viscosity Gas Constant cp Constant
kg ⁄ m3 m2 ⁄ s J ⁄ kg K Btu
------------------- k ---- K
Gas (slugs ⁄ ft3) (ft2 ⁄ s) (ft-lbf ⁄ slug-°R) lbm-°R cv (°R)
Air 1.22 1.46 × 10–5 287 1004 1.40 111
(0.00237) (1.58 × 10–4) (1716) (0.240) (199)
Carbon dioxide 1.85 7.84 × 10–6 189 841 1.30 222
(0.0036) (8.48 × 10–5) (1130) (0.201) (400)
Helium 0.169 1.14 × 10–4 2077 5187 1.66 79.4
(0.00033) (1.22 × 10–3) (12,419) (1.24) (143)
Hydrogen 0.0851 1.01 × 10–4 4127 14,223 1.41 96.7
(0.00017) (1.09 × 10–3) (24,677) (3.40) (174)
Methane (natural gas) 0.678 1.59 × 10–5 518 2208 1.31 198
(0.0013) (1.72 × 10–4) (3098) (0.528) (356)
Nitrogen 1.18 1.45 × 10–5 297 1041 1.40 107
(0.0023) (1.56 × 10–4) (1776) (0.249) (192)
Oxygen 1.35 1.50 × 10–5 260 916 1.40
(0.0026) (1.61 × 10–4) (1555) (0.219)

SOURCE: V. L. Streeter (ed.), Handbook of Fluid Dynamics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1961; also R. E. Bolz and G. L. Tuve, Handbook of Tables
for Applied Engineering Science, CRC Press, Inc. Cleveland, 1973; and Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Company, 1951.
A-8 APPENDIX

Table A.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AIR AT STANDARD ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

Specific Dynamic Kinematic
Temperature Density Weight Viscosity Viscosity

kg ⁄ m3 N ⁄ m3 N s ⁄ m2 m2 ⁄ s

–20°C 1.40 13.70 1.61 × 10–5 1.16 × 10–5

–10°C 1.34 13.20 1.67 × 10–5 1.24 × 10–5
0°C 1.29 12.70 1.72 × 10–5 1.33 × 10–5
10°C 1.25 12.20 1.76 × 10–5 1.41 × 10–5
20°C 1.20 11.80 1.81 × 10–5 1.51 × 10–5
30°C 1.17 11.40 1.86 × 10–5 1.60 × 10–5
40°C 1.13 11.10 1.91 × 10 –5
1.69 × 10–5
50°C 1.09 10.70 1.95 × 10–5 1.79 × 10–5
60°C 1.06 10.40 2.00 × 10–5 1.89 × 10–5
70°C 1.03 10.10 2.04 × 10–5 1.99 × 10–5
80°C 1.00 9.81 2.09 × 10–5 2.09 × 10–5
90°C 0.97 9.54 2.13 × 10–5 2.19 × 10–5
100°C 0.95 9.28 2.17 × 10 –5
2.29 × 10–5
120°C 0.90 8.82 2.26 × 10–5 2.51 × 10–5
140°C 0.85 8.38 2.34 × 10–5 2.74 × 10–5
160°C 0.81 7.99 2.42 × 10–5 2.97 × 10–5
180°C 0.78 7.65 2.50 × 10–5 3.20 × 10–5
200°C 0.75 7.32 2.57 × 10–5 3.44 × 10–5

slugs ⁄ ft3 lbf ⁄ ft 3 lbf-s ⁄ ft2 ft2 ⁄ s

0°F 0.00269 0.0866 3.39 × 10–7 1.26 × 10–4

20°F 0.00257 0.0828 3.51 × 10–7 1.37 × 10–4
40°F 0.00247 0.0794 3.63 × 10–7 1.47 × 10–4
60°F 0.00237 0.0764 3.74 × 10–7 1.58 × 10–4
80°F 0.00228 0.0735 3.85 × 10–7 1.69 × 10–4
100°F 0.00220 0.0709 3.96 × 10–7 1.80 × 10–4
120°F 0.00213 0.0685 4.07 × 10 –7
1.91 × 10–4
150°F 0.00202 0.0651 4.23 × 10–7 2.09 × 10–4
200°F 0.00187 0.0601 4.48 × 10–7 2.40 × 10–4
300°F 0.00162 0.0522 4.96 × 10–7 3.05 × 10–4
400°F 0.00143 0.0462 5.40 × 10–7 3.77 × 10–4

SOURCE : Reprinted with permission from R. E. Bolz and G. L. Tuve, Handbook of Tables for Applied Engineering Science, CRC
Press, Inc., Cleveland, 1973. Copyright © 1973 by The Chemical Rubber Co., CRC Press, Inc.
APPENDIX A-9

Table A.4 APPROXIMATE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COMMON LIQUIDS AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

Specific Dynamic Kinematic Surface
Density Weight Viscosity Viscosity Tension
kg ⁄ m3 N ⁄ m3 N s ⁄ m2 m2 ⁄ s N ⁄ m*
Liquid and Specific
Temperature (slugs ⁄ ft3) Gravity (lbf ⁄ ft3) (lbf-s ⁄ ft2) (ft2 ⁄ s) (lbf ⁄ ft)

Ethyl alcohol(1)(3) 799 0.79 7,850 1.2 × 10–3 1.5 × 10–6 2.2 × 10–2
20°C (68°F) (1.55) (50.0) (2.5 × 10–5) (1.6 × 10–5) (1.5 × 10–3)

Carbon tetrachloride(3) 1,590 1.59 15,600 9.6 × 10–4 6.0 × 10–7 2.6 × 10–2
20°C (68°F) (3.09) (99.5) (2.0 × 10–5) (6.5 × 10–6) (1.8 × 10–3)

Glycerine(3) 1,260 1.26 12,300 1.41 1.12 × 10–3 6.3 × 10–2

20°C (68°F) (2.45) (78.5) (2.95 × 10–2) (1.22 × 10–2) (4.3 × 10–3)

Kerosene(1)(2) 814 0.81 8,010 1.9 × 10–3 2.37 × 10–6 2.9 × 10–2
20°C (68°F) (1.58) (51) (4.0 × 10–5) (2.55 × 10–5) (2.0 × 10–3)

Mercury(1)(3) 13,550 13.55 133,000 1.5 × 10–3 1.2 × 10–7 4.8 × 10–1
20°C (68°F) (26.3) (847) (3.1 × 10–5) (1.3 × 10–6) (3.3 × 10–2)

Sea water 10°C 1,026 1.03 10,070 1.4 × 10–3 1.4 × 10–6
at 3.3% salinity (1.99) (64.1) (2.9 × 10–5) (1.5 × 10–5)

Oils—38°C (100°F) 870 0.87 8,530 3.6 × 10–2 4.1 × 10–5

SAE 10W(4) (1.69) (54.4) (7.5 × 10–4) (4.4 × 10–4)

SAE 10W-30(4) 880 0.88 8,630 6.7 × 10–2 7.6 × 10–5

(1.71) (55.1) (1.4 × 10–3) (8.2 × 10–4)

SAE 30(4) 880 0.88 8,630 1.0 × 10–1 1.1 × 10–4

(1.71) (55.1) (2.1 × 10–3) (1.2 × 10–3)

*Liquid–air surface tension values.

SOURCES: (1) V. L. Streeter, Handbook of Fluid Dynamics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961; (2) V. L. Streeter, Fluid Mechanics, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New
York, 1966; (3) A. A. Newman, Glycerol, CRC Press, Cleveland, 1968; (4) R. E. Bolz and G. L. Tuve, Handbook of Tables for Applied Engineering
Sciences, CRC Press, Cleveland, 1973.
A-10 APPENDIX

Table A.5 APPROXIMATE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER* AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

Temperature Density Specific Weight Dynamic Viscosity Kinematic Viscosity Vapor Pressure
kg ⁄ m3 N ⁄ m3 N s ⁄ m2 m2 ⁄ s N ⁄ m2 abs
0ºC 1000 9810 1.79 × 10 –3 1.79 × 10–6 611
5ºC 1000 9810 1.51 × 10–3 1.51 × 10–6 872
10ºC 1000 9810 1.31 × 10–3 1.31 × 10–6 1,230
15ºC 999 9800 1.14 × 10–3 1.14 × 10–6 1,700
20ºC 998 9790 1.00 × 10 –3 1.00 × 10–6 2,340
25ºC 997 9781 8.91 × 10–4 8.94 × 10–7 3,170
30ºC 996 9771 7.97 × 10 –4 8.00 × 10–7 4,250
35ºC 994 9751 7.20 × 10–4 7.24 × 10–7 5,630
40ºC 992 9732 6.53 × 10 –4 6.58 × 10–7 7,380
50ºC 988 9693 5.47 × 10–4 5.53 × 10–7 12,300
60ºC 983 9643 4.66 × 10 –4 4.74 × 10–7 20,000
70ºC 978 9594 4.04 × 10–4 4.13 × 10–7 31,200
80ºC 972 9535 3.54 × 10 –4 3.64 × 10–7 47,400
90ºC 965 9467 3.15 × 10–4 3.26 × 10–7 70,100
100ºC 958 9398 2.82 × 10–4 2.94 × 10–7 101,300
slugs ⁄ ft3 lbf ⁄ ft3 lbf-s ⁄ ft2 ft2 ⁄ s psia
40ºF 1.94 62.43 3.23 × 10–5 1.66 × 10–5 0.122
50ºF 1.94 62.40 2.73 × 10–5 1.41 × 10–5 0.178
60ºF 1.94 62.37 2.36 × 10–5 1.22 × 10–5 0.256
70ºF 1.94 62.30 2.05 × 10–5 1.06 × 10–5 0.363
80ºF 1.93 62.22 1.80 × 10–5 0.930 × 10–5 0.506
100ºF 1.93 62.00 1.42 × 10–5 0.739 × 10–5 0.949
120ºF 1.92 61.72 1.17 × 10–5 0.609 × 10–5 1.69
140ºF 1.91 61.38 0.981 × 10–5 0.514 × 10–5 2.89
160ºF 1.90 61.00 0.838 × 10–5 0.442 × 10–5 4.74
180ºF 1.88 60.58 0.726 × 10–5 0.385 × 10–5 7.51
200ºF 1.87 60.12 0.637 × 10–5 0.341 × 10–5 11.53
212ºF 1.86 59.83 0.593 × 10–5 0.319 × 10–5 14.70
* Notes: (1) Bulk modulus Ev of water is approximately 2.2 GPa (3.2 × 105 psi); (2) water–air surface tension is approximately 7.3 × 10–2 N ⁄ m (5 × 10–3 lbf ⁄ ft)
from 10ºC to 50ºC.
SOURCE: Reprinted with permission from R. E. Bolz and G. L. Tuve, Handbook of Tables for Applied Engineering Science, CRC Press, Inc., Cleveland,
1973. Copyright © 1973 by The Chemical Rubber Co., CRC Press, Inc.