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Broken Conductor Protection

Broken conductor protection detects faults where a conductor breaks midway without touching the ground, creating an open circuit. This results in negative sequence imbalances that can be detected using a ratio of negative to positive sequence currents (I2/I1), which remains relatively constant with load variations. A minimum ratio of 8% is required for the protection to operate. A long time delay of 5 seconds is used to coordinate with other protections during events that create temporary imbalances like single pole autoreclosing.

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khizra mumtaz
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105 views

Broken Conductor Protection

Broken conductor protection detects faults where a conductor breaks midway without touching the ground, creating an open circuit. This results in negative sequence imbalances that can be detected using a ratio of negative to positive sequence currents (I2/I1), which remains relatively constant with load variations. A minimum ratio of 8% is required for the protection to operate. A long time delay of 5 seconds is used to coordinate with other protections during events that create temporary imbalances like single pole autoreclosing.

Uploaded by

khizra mumtaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WORKING PRINCIPLE OF BROKEN

CONDUCTOR PROTECTION:
Assignment EPSP

Abstract
In this assignment we understand the working principle of Broken conductor protection

Taha Suleman/ Moiz Inam/ Asad Mumtaz/ Hassan Anwar


WORKING PRINCIPLE OF BROKEN
CONDUCTOR PROTECTION:

In a power system, majority faults occur due to phase to ground faults. In these faults, there is
a high percentage of faults resulting from a conductor being broken midway in such a way,
that they do not touch the earth. That is why this protection is also known as Broken Jumper
Protection.

As this conductor is not grounded, it acts as an open circuit. Due to the nature of this fault,
high currents do not flow unless a path is made between the conductor and ground. Thus
detection of such fault becomes a challenging task.

One of the characteristic of such fault is that it incorporates imbalances in the system which
arise in the form of Negative Sequence components.

It is possible to apply a negative phase sequence overcurrent relay to detect the above
condition. However, on a lightly loaded line, the negative sequence current resulting from a
series fault condition may be very close to, or less than, the full load steady state unbalance
arising from CT errors, load unbalance etc. A negative sequence element therefore would not
operate at low load levels.

In order to incorporate detection of broken conductor, we need a parameter that remains


relatively constant with variation of load currents. This parameter is the ratio of negative to
positive sequence currents (I2/I1). This allows a more accurate and sensitive setting.

It is possible to calculate the ratio of I2/I1 that will occur for varying system impedances, by
referring to the following equations below.
I1F = Eg(Z1+ Z0) / (Z1Z2+Z0Z1+Z2Z0)
I2F = -EgZ0/ (Z1Z2+Z0Z1+Z2Z0)
Where
Eg = System Voltage
Z0 = Zero sequence impedance
Z1 = Positive sequence impedance
Z2 = Negative sequence impedance
Thus,
I1F / I2F= Z0 / (Z0+Z2)

A minimum value of 8% negative phase sequence current is required for successful Broken
Conductor relay operation.

Since sensitive settings have been employed, it can be expected that the element will operate
for any unbalance condition occurring on the system for example, during a single pole
autoreclose cycle. Hence, a long time-delay is necessary to ensure co-ordination with other
protective devices. Normally 5 second time-delay is provided for Broken Conductor
Protection.

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