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Developmental Psychology 101

Developmental psychology is the study of physical, mental, and behavioral changes from conception through old age. It investigates biological, genetic, neurological, psychosocial, cultural, and environmental factors that influence human growth. Some influential theories in developmental psychology include Bowlby's attachment styles, Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Freud's psychosexual development theory, and Bandura's social learning theory. Developmental psychology first emerged in the late 19th century and has continued to develop and include more areas of study such as adult development and aging processes.

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262 views9 pages

Developmental Psychology 101

Developmental psychology is the study of physical, mental, and behavioral changes from conception through old age. It investigates biological, genetic, neurological, psychosocial, cultural, and environmental factors that influence human growth. Some influential theories in developmental psychology include Bowlby's attachment styles, Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Freud's psychosexual development theory, and Bandura's social learning theory. Developmental psychology first emerged in the late 19th century and has continued to develop and include more areas of study such as adult development and aging processes.

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Ibov Vaniz
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Developmental Psychology

101
By student: Kassym Ubaidolla (ITM-2102)
About Developmental
Psychology
• The American Psychological Association (2020)
defines developmental psychology as the study of
physical, mental, and behavioral changes, from
conception through old age.
• Developmental psychology investigates biological,
genetic, neurological, psychosocial, cultural, and
environmental factors of human growth (Burman,
2017).
• Over the years, developmental psychology has
been influenced by numerous theories and
models in varied branches of psychology (Burman,
2017).
History of development
psychology
• Developmental psychology first appeared as
an area of study in the late 19th century
(Baltes, Lindenberger, & Staudinger, 2007).
• In 1877, the famous evolutionary biologist
Charles Darwin undertook the first study of
developmental psychology on innate
communication forms.
• Not long after, physiologist William Preyer
(1888) published a book on the abilities of
an infant.
• By the 1920s, the scope of developmental
psychology had begun to include adult
development and the aging process
(Thompson, 2016).
4 Popular
Theories, Stages,
& Models
• Bowlby’s
attachment styles
• Piaget’s stage
theory
• Freud’s
psychosexual
development theory
• Bandura’s social
learning theory
Bowlby’s attachment styles & Piaget’s stage theory

• Bowlby and his student (Mary • Jean Piaget was a French psychologist
Ainsworth) assumed that child's highly interested in child
upbringing affects how his bonds development.
grow as an adult. • A child's intellectual growth is
organized according to Piaget's four-
stage theory of cognitive development
from 1951. This hypothesis states that
all children progress through these
four developmental stages in the
same order (Simatwa, 2010).
• Four stages = sensorimotor stage, pre-
operational stage, concrete
operational stage, formal operational
stage.
Freud’s psychosexual development theory &
Bandura’s social learning theory
• According to Freud's psychosexual theory, • He believed that children observe, imitate,
children go through a number of and model the behaviors and reactions of
developmental phases, each of which is others (Bandura, 1977).
centered on a distinct part of the body's • Bandura’s developmental theory has been
pleasure centers. Conflicts that the child criticized for not considering biological factors
experiences during each stage have a big or children’s autonomic nervous system
impact on their development (Silverman, responses (Kevin, 1995).
2017).
• Oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital
development are all included in Freud's
theory of psychosexual development.
According to his hypothesis, the libido's
energy is concentrated at each stage in a new
erogenous zone (Silverman, 2017).
Nature vs Nurture debate
• The field of epigenetics describes how behavioral and
environmental influences affect the expression of
genes (Kubota, Miyake, & Hirasawa, 2012).
• There is a hereditary component to a number of
serious mental health issues. However, the
environment and behavior, including a better diet, less
stress, exercise, and a good outlook, can affect whether
this health issue ever manifests (Micielski, Jagannath,
Rössler, Walitza, & Grünblatt, 2020).
Theory of mind
• We may comprehend that other people have diverse goals,
beliefs, desires, perceptions, behaviors, and emotions thankfully
to theory of mind (American Psychological Association, 2020).
• Starting around the ages of four or five, children begin to think
about the thoughts and feelings of others. This shows an
emergence of the theory of mind (Wellman & Liu, 2004).
• Children diagnosed with autism exhibit a deficit in the theory of
mind (Baron-Cohen, Leslie, & Frith, 1985).
• Children diagnosed with autism exhibit a deficit in the theory of
mind (Baron-Cohen, Leslie, & Frith, 1985).
• Further investigation has revealed that aging alters the theory
of mind. This implies that this concept goes through a lifespan
of development (Meinhardt-Injac, Daum, & Meinhardt, 2020).
Reference

Latif, S. (2021, August 5). Developmental Psychology 101: Theories, Stages, & Research.
PositivePsychology.com. https://positivepsychology.com/developmental-psychology-

stages/#developmental-psychology

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