Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to

 Compute the mean, median and mode for both
grouped and ungrouped data;
 Discuss the properties of mean, median and mode;
 Discuss the properties of midrange;
 Calculate the midrange of a data set; and
 Determine the effects of changing the units on mean
and median.

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

A measure of central tendency, commonly referred
to as an average, is a single value that represents a
data set.
Its purpose is to locate the center of a data set.
The three different measures of central tendency
are: mean, median and mode.

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics
 𝒏
𝒙𝒊 𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒙𝒏
𝑴= =
𝒏 𝒏
𝒊=𝟏

Where: M – the mean

x- the scores, observations
n – number of observations

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

 𝒇𝒙
.
1. 𝑴=
𝑵
Where: f – frequency
x – class mark
N – total number of frequency
2. 𝒇𝒅
𝑴 = 𝑨𝑴 + ∙𝑪
𝑵

Where: f – frequency N – total number of frequency

d – deviation C – class size
AM- assumed mean

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics
 𝑵
−𝑭
𝐌𝐝 = 𝐋 + 𝟐 𝐂
𝒇

Where : L – lower class boundary

N – total number of frequency
F – cumulative frequency preceding to median
class
f – frequency of the median class
C – class size

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics
 𝒇𝒎−𝒇𝟏
𝐌𝐨 = 𝐋 + ∙𝑪
𝟐𝒇𝒎−𝒇𝟏−𝒇𝟐

Where: L – lower class boundary of the modal class

fm – frequency of the modal class
f1 – frequency before the modal class
f2 – frequency after the modal class
C – class size

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

1. From the ff scores: 25,30,35,40, 50.Find the Mean
𝒏
𝒙𝒊 𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒙𝒏
𝑴= =
𝒏 𝒏
𝒊=𝟏
𝟐𝟓 + 𝟑𝟎 + 𝟑𝟓 + 𝟒𝟎 + 𝟓𝟎
=
𝟓
𝑴 = 𝟑𝟔

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

2. Find the Median
a. 12,10,9,8,5,6,4
b. 22,18,19,20,24,20
c. 5, 5, 6,10,4,4
d. 5,4,3,7,8,9,8 , 10

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

Answers
Arrange in order
a. 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 𝑴𝒅 = 8
𝟐𝟎+𝟐𝟎 𝟒𝟎
b. 18, 19, 20, 20, 22, 24 𝑴𝒅 = = = 𝟐𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
c. 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 10 𝑴𝒅 = 5
𝟕+𝟖 𝟏𝟓
d. 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10 𝑴𝒅 = = =7.5
𝟐 𝟐

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

3. Find the Mode
a. 55,45,40,60,55,70
b. 10,15,10,17,18,15
c. 22,34,35,23,18,20
Answers
a. 𝑴𝒐 = 𝟓𝟓
b. 𝑴𝒐 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝟏𝟓 ( 𝑩𝒊𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒂𝒍)
c. 𝑴𝒐 = 𝑵𝒐 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒆 ( 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒕 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔)

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

1. Find the mean, median and mode of the following
distribution of scores in Algebra Quiz#1
Scores in Algebra Number of students
Quiz (f)
90-94 2

85-89 5

80-84 8

75-79 12

70-74 3

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

Solving for Mean Method 1
Scores in Number (𝒇𝒙)
Algebra of 𝑴=
Quiz
x fx d fd 𝑵
students 𝟐𝟒𝟏𝟓
90-94 2 92 184 2 4 =
𝟑𝟎
85-89 5 87 435 1 5 𝑴 = 𝟖𝟎. 𝟓
80-84 8 82 656 0 0
Method 2
75-79 12 77 924 -1 -12
𝒇𝒅
70-74 3 72 216 -2 -6
𝑴 = 𝑨𝑴 +
𝑵
N= 30
∙𝑪
= 2415 = −9
−𝟗
= 𝟖𝟐 + ∙5
The average score in Algebra Long 𝟑𝟎
𝑴 = 𝟖𝟎. 𝟓
Quiz #1 is 80.5
Mapua University – Department of Mathematics
 Solving for Median
Scores in Number of
Algebra Quiz students <cf 𝑵 𝟑𝟎
90-94 2 = = 𝟏𝟓𝒕𝒉
30 𝟐 𝟐
85-89 5 𝑵
28 −𝑭
𝑴𝒅 = 𝑳 + 𝟐 ∙𝑪
80-84 8 23 𝒇
Median Class 75-79 12 𝟏𝟓 −𝟑
15 𝑴𝒅 = 𝟕𝟒. 𝟓 + ∙5
𝟏𝟐
70-74 3 3
N= 30 𝑴𝒅 = 𝟕𝟗. 𝟓

The score of the 15th student in the

Algebra Long Quiz #1 is 79.5

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

 Solving for Mode
Scores in Algebra Quiz Number of students

90-94 2 𝒇𝒎 − 𝒇𝟏
𝑴𝒐 = 𝑳 + ∙𝑪
85-89 5 𝟐𝒇𝒎 − 𝒇𝟏 − 𝒇𝟐
𝟏𝟐−𝟑
80-84 8 𝑴𝒐 = 𝟕𝟒. 𝟓 + ∙5
𝟐𝟒−𝟑−𝟖
75-79 12 𝑴𝒐 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟗𝟔
70-74 3

N= 30

The common score among students is 77.96, or

Modal Class The most frequent score among students is 77.96

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

2. Find the mean, median and the mode wage of the 20
employees of ABC Co.

Wage(Php) Number of
employees
1001-2000 5

2001-3000 9

3001-4000 4

4001-5000 2

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

Solving for the Mean
Wage(Php) Number of
employees x fx d fd
1001-2000 5 1500.5 7502.5 -1 -5
2001-3000 9 2500.5 22504.5 0 0
3001-4000 4 3500.5 14002 1 4
4001-5000 2 4500.5 9001 2 4
N= 20
= 53010 =3

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

Solving for the Mean
Method 1
(𝒇𝒙) Method 2
𝑴= 𝒇𝒅
𝑵 𝑴 = 𝑨𝑴 + ∙𝑪
𝟓𝟑𝟎𝟏𝟎 𝑵
=
𝟐𝟎 𝟑
𝑴 = 𝟐𝟔𝟓𝟎. 𝟓 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎. 𝟓 + ∙1000
𝟐𝟎
𝑴 =2650.5

The Mean Wage /Average Wage of the employees of

ABC Co. is Php2650.50

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

 Solving for the Median
Wage(Php) Number of <cf 𝑵 𝟐𝟎
employees = = 𝟏𝟎𝒕𝒉
𝟐 𝟐
1001-2000 5 5 𝑵
−𝑭
Median Class 𝑴𝒅 = 𝑳 + 𝟐 ∙𝑪
2001-3000 9 14 𝒇
𝟏𝟎 −𝟓
3001-4000 4 18 𝑴𝒅 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎. 𝟓 + ∙1000
𝟗
4001-5000 2 20
𝑴𝒅 =2556.06
N= 20

The Wage of the 10th employee of ABC Co. is

Php2556.06

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

 Solving for the Mode
Wage(Php) Number of
employees
1001-2000 5
𝒇𝒎 − 𝒇𝟏
𝑴𝒐 = 𝑳 + ∙𝑪
2001-3000 9 𝟐𝒇𝒎 − 𝒇𝟏 − 𝒇𝟐
𝟗−𝟓
3001-4000 4 𝑴𝒐 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎. 𝟓 + ∙ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟖 − 𝟓 − 𝟒
𝑴𝒐 = 𝟐𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟒
4001-5000 2

Modal Class

The common wage among employees of ABC Co. is

Php2444.04

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

3. The weight distribution of 24 students indicated
below
Weight (kg) Number of
students
52-54 1 Find the following
55-57 4 1. The average weight
2. The weight of the median
58-60 3
student
61-63 5 3. The common weight
64-66 6

67-69 3

70-72 2

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

Solving for the average weight
Weight Number
(kg) of x fx d fd
students
52-54 1 53 53 -3 -3
55-57 4 56 224 -2 -8
58-60 3 59 177 -1 -3
61-63 5 62 310 0 0
64-66 6 65 390 1 6
67-69 3 68 204 2 6
70-72 2 71 142 3 6
N= 24
= 1500 =4

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

Solving for the average weight
Method 1
Method 2
(𝒇𝒙)
𝑴= 𝒇𝒅
𝑵 𝑴 = 𝑨𝑴 + ∙𝑪
𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑵
=
𝟐𝟒 𝟒
𝑴 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓 = 𝟔𝟐 + ∙𝟑
𝟐𝟒
𝑴 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓

The average weight of the 24 students is 62.5 kg

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

 Solving for the weight of the median student
Weight Number of <cf
(kg) students
𝑵 𝟐𝟒
= = 𝟏𝟐𝒕𝒉
52-54 1 1 𝟐 𝟐
𝑵
55-57 4 −𝑭
5 𝑴𝒅 = 𝑳 + 𝟐 ∙𝑪
58-60 3 𝒇
8 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟖
𝑴𝒅 = 𝟔𝟎. 𝟓 + ∙𝟑
Median Class 61-63 5 13 𝟓
64-66 6 19 𝑴𝒅 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟗
67-69 3 22
70-72 2 24 The weight of the median student (12th
N= 24 student) is 62.9 kg

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

 Solving for the common weight
Weight (kg) Number of
students 𝒇𝒎 − 𝒇𝟏
𝑴𝒐 = 𝑳 + ∙𝑪
52-54 1 𝟐𝒇𝒎 − 𝒇𝟏 − 𝒇𝟐
55-57 4 𝟔−𝟓
𝑴𝒐 = 𝟔𝟑. 𝟓 + ∙𝟑
𝟏𝟐 − 𝟓 − 𝟑
58-60 3 𝑴𝒐 = 𝟔𝟒. 𝟐𝟓
61-63 5
Modal Class 64-66 6

67-69 3 The common weight among

students is 64.25kg
70-72 2

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

 A measure of central tendency, commonly referred to as an
average, is a single value that represents a data set.
 The arithmetic mean, often called mean, is the most frequently
used measure of central tendency.
 The median is the midpoint of the data array.
 Median is an appropriate measure of central tendency for data
that are ordinal or above, but it is more valuable in an ordinal
type of data.
 Midrange is the average of the lowest and highest value in a data
set.
 The mode is the value in a data that appears most frequently.

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics

 Montgomery and Runger. Applied Statistics and
Probability for Engineers, 5th Ed. © 2011
 Introduction to Business Statistics, Sirug, 2011
 Introduction to Quantitative Methods in Business,Bharat
Kolluri, 2016
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics
 http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/research/stats/index.
cfm
 http://irving.vassar.edu/faculty/wl/econ209/dessript.pdf
 http://www.preciousheart.net/chaplaincy/Auditor_Manu
al/10descsd.pdf

Mapua University – Department of Mathematics