Chapter One

INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the study

In several parts of the Philippines, pottery has become one of the most essential aspects

of one's history and identity creation. Pottery culture had become a part of our legacy in the

Philippines, according to historical reports.

Pottery is one among the basic methods of living in Duterte St., Suba, Danao City. It has

been a full-time family occupation for decades. People profit from it and use it to cover their

daily costs. It somehow lift them out of life's difficulties, particularly when it comes to financial

inequity.

According to Emma Cabajar, a local Cebuano clay potter from Duterte St. Suba, Danao

City, she considers the art of producing clay pots to be an important part of who she is. Clay

pottery has molded her as a person. Despite being offered with numerous alternative sources of

income, Emma replied that the prefers to pursue clay pottery since learning new skills for other

jobs would take time, and clay pottery is all she has ever known.

However, the pottery makers of Duterte St. Suba have been placed on hold due to the

trike of Typhoon "odette". Odette wreaked havoc on the city, destroying hundreds of electric

poles, transformers, and wires, leaving most of Cebu's Provinces without power and houses

without running water. It wreaked havoc on homes, businesses and most importantly,

livelihoods.

1
 Many of the affected pottery makers were self-unemployed with limited income security

and access to social protection, leaving them highly vulnerable in circumstances of a negative

shock. The destruction of Typhoon Odette on income and livelihood underscore this

vulnerability. By comparism Super Typhoon Rai (Odette) has directly affected all the pottery

makers in Duterte St., Suba, Danao City over 3 months since Typhoon Odette wreaked havoc in

Cebu Province, many infrastructures were destroyed and remain closed while these are

undergring rehabilitation. This happens causes a huge impact of their income infrastructure, and

businesses. Income losses substantiate some case even seeing the situation of the residence and

the way of living been change because of Typhoon Odette.

This matters the income loss and livelihood affected by the said typhoon. It changes the

way how they used to work. Many of the pottery makers has been lost their infrastructure, family

support, living and especially the all done come made before the traumatic incident happened.

Since the typhoon deminish all materials, it gives them a very difficult situation for every one

beyond that place including hunger and out of stocks in which things stated been washed out.

1.2. Statement Objectives

This study aims to address the effects of typhoon to the livelihood and income of the

pottery makers in Duterte St. Suba, Danao City. Also, this study will help the researchers to

know on how the pottery makers in Duterte St. Suba, Danao City cope up from their lost after the

strike of typhoon odette. This will also showcase the most affected pottery makers after the strike

of Typhoon “Odette” (internationally known as Rai) and the pottery makers that are slightly

affected by the said typhoon.

2
1.3. Significance of the Study

This study is significant because it contributes to the income and livelihood of the pottery makers

in Duterte St. Suba, Danao City that are being affected by the Typhoon "Odette". More

essentially this study will benefit the following:

To the Respondents, this study can help them to be prepared and think for better ways to

possibly refrain from accumulating extreme damages from the disasters (like the recent Typhoon

""Odette") in the near future.

To the researchers, this study can be useful for them in their research. This study is a

great opportunity to know the experiences of the pottery makers after the strike of Typhoon

"Odette" in Duterte St., Suba Danao City and relate them to their lives.

To the aspiring Pottery Makers, this study can help them to fully understand the

advantage and disadvantages of pottery making. They can also gain some lecture and lessons that

may guide them to success.

1.4. Scope and Delimitation

As the study starts, we will be focusing on the pottery makers of Duterte St., Suba, Danao

City from them, we will choose some respondents. This study will only revolve around the

effects of Typhoon "Odette" on the income and livelihood of the pottery makers in Duterte

St.,Suba, Danao City and some related ideas.

3
 Chapter Two
LITERATURE REVIEW

In this part, the review will refer to and talk about the past discoveries of analysis in the

connection fields at the review. Those that are associated with this part will help and may direct

us on addressing and dissectoring pertinent subjects and factors to the current review.

2.1. Related Review Literature

The purpose of the study is to assess the effects of Typhoon "Odette" in Duterte St. Suba

Danao City thus, further research is required to better understand the effects of the Typhoon

"Odette" in the income and livelihood of the pottery makers in Duterte St., Suba Danao City.

This study intends to demonstrate an attempt to seek out and gather experiences of existing

pottery makers from Duterte St., Suba, Danao City, and to draw judgements regarding its effects

on income and livelihood. Under the following is the studies which are related to the present

studies:

 Study on Typhoon "Odette" and its effects

 Study on the effects of Typhoon "Odette" on the livelihood

 Study on income loss of Typhoon"Odette"

 Study on effects of natural catastrophe in pottery making

Study on Typhoon "Odette" and it's Effects. Typhoon "Odette" brought destruction to homes,

properties and livelihoods at a time when people were already facing the societal and

development impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Local authorities leading the typnom response,

including those from the health sector have to face multiple emergencies with severely strained

resources and capacities

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 One month after Typhoon "Odette" struck, the World Health Organization (WHO),

responding as part of the UN Humanitarian Country ream (UN HCT), is concerned that essential

health services remain disrupted, leaving affected communities vulnerable to preventable disease

communities in the affected regions need for more support to address the massive damages and

disruption caused by Typhom Odette. The Humanitarian Needs and Priorities Plan (HNP)

launced on 24 December 2021 by the UN HCT highlights the key priority actions to save lives

and provide immediate humanitarian assistance and protection to those in the most urgent need.

WHO will continue to support the DOH to coordinate the health sector response as co-lead of the

health cluster. WHO will also committed to working with partners to provide technical support

to address psychological distress from social disruption and the events impact on home and

family.

Study on the effects of Typhoon "Odette" on the livelihood. The Philippines Is struggling to

recover from last month's massive Typhoon that caused losses worth 11.1 billion php ($215m) to

agricultura crops and farmland and another 17.5 billion Php ($330m) damages to homes, roads,

electricity and water lines. More than 420 000 hectares of land have been lost to storm floods,

and as many as 925 000 homes damaged or destroyed. Key staple crops like rice, coconut and

sugarcane have been wiped out accross come regions of the country. The Philippines fisheries

industry has lost over three billion's Php ($58m) worth of fishing boats, gear, and stock. Oxfam

Philippines Country Director Lot Felizco sand, "our staff reported finding people begging for

scraps of fund in Bontoc, Padre Burgos, Immas oppus and Malitboy, towns that were worst hit in

Southern Leyte.

5
 “As the rest of the world starts a new year with hope, nearly 7 million people – more than the

entire population of Denmark - are struggling to come to terms with their homes damaged or

destroyed and main incomes gone. Nearly 390,000 farmers and fishing folk have had their crops

flattened, fishing boats smashed, or livestock killed or lost. They have been left with nothing,”

said Oxfam Pilipinas Country Director Lot Felizco.

Typoon Rai was the last – and by far the strongest – of fifteen typhoons to have hit The

Philippines in 2021. A recent survey in 2021, showed that 2.5 million Filipinos experienced

involuntary hunger at least once in the three months (Jul-Sept 2021). In the Philippines now – as

local people struggle to clean up and recover their homes and livelihoods – urgent humanitarian

funding is needed to provide lifesaving food and water, and to help people rebuild their homes,

crops and businesses. Oxfam is urgently calling for 4 million Euros to help support its part of the

collective humanitarian response in the country.

Study on income loss due to Typhoon “Odette”. Typhoon Odette (international name: Rai)

brought heavy rains and destructive winds over central and southern Philippines. It first made

landfall in Siargao Island, Surigao del Norte on Thursday. Surigao del Norte may have suffered

around P20 billion in damage, according to provincial officials. The Agriculture department on

Sunday said an initial assessment showed damage to crops in Western Visayas and the Caraga

region is estimated at P127 million. Agriculture typically makes up around 10% of overall

economic output, and a fourth of the country’s jobs. “Typhoon Odette’s drag on gross domestic

product (GDP) would be on the tangible damage on agriculture and the productivity losses

brought about by the disruptions in business and other economic activities,” Rizal Commercial

Banking Corp. Chief Economist Michael L. Ricafort said in a Viber message on Sunday.

6
 Study on the effects of natural catastrophes on Pottery Making. This study captured the

impacts of climate change extreme weather-related events on the supply chain of a ceramic

manufacturing company, as it belongs to one of the industries that is more sensitive to climate

change due to the nature of the raw materials used. To fill the gap among practitioners and

research in this context, we applied a four step mixed methodology approach. Initially, a

cognitive mapping was developed by 40 researchers and 20 experts in Egypt. As a result of this

step, a graphical representation of the researchers’ and experts’ mental model was introduced

which depicted the relation between climate change and the business operations of specific

supply chains. Consequently, a semi structured interview was done in a ceramic manufacturing

company with 5 managers from different departments being selected to gather data and

information on the most influential variables interacting between climate change physical risks

and the companies supply chain. After that, historical climate data was collected from NASA

websites and en.tutempo.net for Egypt, and specifically for New Sadat City, where our case

company is located. Then statistical analysis using SPSS software on the historical climate data

and real data collected from the case company was employed. A correlation matrix for the

different variables was developed, aiming to build reliable interrelation among climatic data and

the various variables from the ceramic manufacturing company used as a case study in this

research. Next, the prominent relationship between the various variables which were identified

from the above statistical methods were modeled and simulated using the System Dynamic (SD)

approach. To the extent of the authors’ knowledge, this is possibly the first comprehensive

research that connects research and experts in the industry in Egypt in order to quantify the

adverse effects of climate change extreme weather-related events on supply chains.

7
 These studies explains the significance of investagating and determining the critical aspects

that will determine the effects of typhoon odette on the livelihood and income of the pottery

makers in Duterte St. Suba, Danao City. The framework and results contribute to our knowledge

of how Typhoon “Odette” affects the existing potters from Duterte St. Suba, Danao City.

2.2. Conceptual Framework

 Related Review Literature

 Background of the research topic

INPUT  Questionnaire and Question

 Gathering the answers and the info from the responses

 Analyzing the survey questionnaires for the needed data
 Determining the effects of Typhoon “Odette” on the Income
and Livelihood of the Pottery Makers in Duterte St., Suba,
PROCESS Danao City
 Interpretation and presentation of data

 Overall conclusion about the effects of Typhoon “Odette” on

the Income and Livelihood of the Pottery Makers in Duterte
St., Suba, Danao City

OUTPUT  Proposed action and the Solution Concept

8
2.3. Theoritical Framework

The theoretical framework was developed by analyzing previous research about the effets

of typhoon ""Odette" on the income and Iivelihood of the pottery makers In Duterte St, Suba,

Danao City. All of the variables was identified either if the theories, models and framework was

selected as a theoritical framework as well. Researchers that have theories, models and

framework vert clearly and fulfill the requirements of the research topic where the only choice

for the research. From previous research, there are three factors found based on the researchers

understanding of the effects of typnom "Odette" on the income and livelihood of pottery makers

in Duterte St., Suba, Danao City. The three factors are as follows:

Theoritical Factors about the Possible Negative Factors

Income Loss

Reconstruction of “Kamalig” Typhoon “Odette”

(Infrastracture)

Shortage of the supply of clay

9
 The theoritical framework and its content is from the work of the researchers of

Northeastern Cebu Colleges Inc., entitled as "The effects of Typhoon "Odette" on the income

and livelihood of the pottery makers in Duterte St., Suba, Danao City.

Income Loss. Typhoon "Odette" drag on gross domestic product (GDP would be on

the tangible damage on pottery makers in Duterte St. Suba, Danao City and the productivity

losses brought by the disruptions in business and other economic activities. After the strike of the

Typhoon "Odette", the pottery makers lost their income and they are back to zero due to the fact

that the said typhoon destroyed their "Kamalig" (the place where they make the pots and related

products) and took their tools and material in making such products.

Reconstruction of "Kamalig" (infrastructure). Typhoon "Odette " Is tremendously

destructive to the built environment of coastal communities and the aftermath is overwhelming

as houses and businesses are wrecked and infrastructures like the "Kamalig of the pottery

makers. Reconstruction of kumalig is essential in order for them to gain their sources of income

again yet the process is complicated.

Shortage of the supply of Clay. One challenge which is being highlighted is a raw

material shortage. Clay product manufacturers are currently facing a shortage of natural

soil,which is increasing complexities across industries. Manufacturers are needing to find

solutions to the problem that brought by typhoon "Odette" with quality and efficiency.

10
 Chapter Three

METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research Design

This research made use of descriptive quantitative design this research is systematic

approach about the social-cultural life of communities, institutions and other settings.

Quantitative research design is aimed at discovering how many people think, act and feel in a

specific way. The standard format in quantitative research design is for each respondents to be

asked the same questions which ensures that the entire data sample can be analysed fairly.

A quantitative study is a comprehensive summarization, in everyday terms of specific

events experienced by individuals or group of individuals. It is an approach that is very useful

when researchers want to know, regarding events, who were involved what was involved and

where aid things take place.

This method served as a guide in gathering the data required to analyze, describe, record

and interpret conditions and situations evaluated by the researchers likewise, this method assisted

the researcher to determine the effects of Typhoon "Odette" on the income and livelihood of the

pottery makers in Duterte St., Suba Danao City.

3.2. Context and Participants

The research conducted the study in Duterte St., Suba Danao City on February 25, 2022

until March 31, 2022. This study has a measured number of participants which is a total of 25

respondents, random respondents from the Barangay. It is only exclusive for the pottery makers

11
in Duterte St., Suba, Danao City. No specified range of age as long as he/she is a pottery maker,

regardless also to their gender or sexuality.

3.3.Instrument

The main tool to be used in conducting this study is a survey questionnaire.

Survey Questionnaires can be a compelling method for estimating the conduct, mentalities,

inclinations. sentiments and expectations of generally enormous quantities of subjects more

economically and rapidly than different techniques. Information can be gathered moderately

rapidly in light of the fact that the researchers would have no need to be available when the

questionnaires were finished. Questionnaires give a moderately modest, speedy and proficient

approach to acquiring a lot of data from a huge example of individuals

3.4. Data Gathering Analysis

After formulating a set of questions and turned it into survey questionnaires, the

researchers need to disseminate it to the respondents. The researchers will need to go to the

respected workplace of the pottery makers. Overall, after survey them, it is expected that the

researchers have 25 questionnaires that are answered by 25 respondents from Duterte St., Suba,

Danao City. After gathering the questionnaire, it is essential to secure that all the questions are

answered. Then prepared to analyze the gathered data.

3.5. Context Analysis

Context Analysis is the next process performed on the data collected from respondents.

Researchers need to evaluate data to make it more reliable for media and audiences and to

provide validation for people and further researchers. This analysis will help researchers further

understand the findings and provide explanation and results of the investigation that have been

12
conducted. This is where quantitative research design becomes more useful, as it makes it easier

for researchiers to work to identity respondents answers and ultimately interpret it.

13
 Chapter Four

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

After gathering the data, the researchers will proceed to the next step of the research, the

data presentation analysis, and interpretation. This chapter is concerned with the data analyzed

and interpreted by the researchers. Through the use of tables and graphs, that data will be

presented.

Respondents Number of Respondents

Pottery Makers of Duterte St., Suba, Danao 25

City

In the data presented above it shows that there are 25 respondents that we have surveyed.

They came from Duterte Stt. Suba, Danao City, since it is known for being the home of famous

pottery makers.

Responses on the General Question:

As the researchers scanned and analyzed the data from the questionnaires out of 25

respondents 100% of them on 25 pottery maker, answered the questions. Some of the pottery

makers have multiple answers. Here are the percentages of the pottery makers having related

answers towards the questions. "In what way and the typhom "Odette" affect your income and

livelihood as a pottery maker?"

14
 17 Pottery makers answered Typhoon "Odette" destroyed their home including their

infrastructure where the production of pots took place. Their tools, materials and the finished

products they worked for days were also vanished along with their infrastructure. They almost

lost their hope to move forward knowing that they will be starting over again. 2 Pottery makers

answered "Typhoon "Odette" does not roly devastated their homes and infrastractures but also

but them in an extreme hunger due to the pause of their livelihood. They tried the best that they

can to urvive the following days after the said Typhoon". 6 answered "Typhoon "Odette" only

cause them a slight damage since they are located far from the sea where most pottery makers

accumulated extreme damages. In conclusion, Typhoon "Odette" made a huge impact to the

pottery makers, it destroyed their infrastructures and vanished all their tools.

First Statistical Treatment

n
x= ×100
N

Let:

x be the number of percentage of Pottery Makers whose income and livelihood are affected by

the Typhoon “Odette”

n be the number of Pottery Makers whose income and livelihood are affected by the Typhoon

“Odette”

N be the total number of respondents .

100 be the value of conversion for a hundred percent

15
 n
x= ×100
N

19
x= × 100
25

x=0.76 × 100

x=76 %

∴ 76% of the numbers of Pottery makers are income and livelihood are affected by the

Typhoon "Odette"

Responses on the Specific Questions:

Q1. Rate how the Typhoon "Odette"affected your income and livelihood as a pottery maker.

Extremely: Partially:

n n
x= ×100 x= ×100
N N

19 6
x= × 100 x= × 100
25 25

x=0.76 × 10 0 x=0.24 × 10 0

x=76 % x=24 %

76% of the total number of Pottery Makers 24% of the total number of Pottery Makers

are extremely damaged. are partially damaged.

16
 24%

Partially
Extremely

76%

Q2. As a pottery maker, did you suffer from financial loss after the trike of Typhoon "Odette"?

Yes: No:

n n
x= ×100 x= ×100
N N

19 6
x= × 100 x= × 100
25 25

x=0.76 × 10 0 x=0.24 × 10 0

x=76 % x=24 %

76% of the total number of Pottery Makers 24% of the total number of Pottery Makers

suffered from financial loss after the strike suffered from financial loss after the strike

of Typhoon “Odette” of Typhoon “Odette”

17
 Yes
No

Q3. Do you instantly cope up from financial loss after the strike of Typhoon "Odette"?

Yes: No:

n n
x= ×100 x= ×100
N N

6 19
x= × 100 x= × 100
25 25

x=0.24 × 10 0 x=0.76 × 10 0

x=24 % x=76 %

24% of the total number of Pottery Makers 76% of the total number of Pottery Makers

18
instantly cope up from financial loss after did not instantly cope up from financial

the strike of Typhoon “Odette” loss after the strike of Typhoon “Odette”

Chapter Five

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This part is one of the most important chapters. It includes all the useful ideas and

concept that can be applied and be used for future researchers. After assessing and reading this

last chapter, the future researchers or readers will become more informed and will be enlightened

about the topic and problem being solved, examined and discussed. It will manifest the overall

findings, conclusion, additional Information, suggestions and answers to some given questions.

19
Summary of Findings

Based on the results of the responses which serves as data being examined in this

research, 25 respondents were picked randomly to prevent bias. The survey was conducted in

Duterte St. Suba, Danao City, the pottery makers actively respond the survey which makes the

needed information to be more reliable and valid. This study is using numerical data and is

observing and describing the effects of Typhoon "Odette" on the income and livelihood of the

pottery makers in Duterte St., Suba, Danao City. Therefore, the Quantitative Research design

with a descriptive approach best suits the study. This study is further strengthened by collecting

the thought of the respondents.

The researchers had found out that the Pottery Makers in Duterte St., Suba Danao City

are affetted by the Typhoon "Odette" including their income and livelihood. Many houses were

destroyed and damaged, many suffered infrastructure damage power outages, water and

sanitation systems. If we refer to the graphs from the previous chapter. Majority of the pottery

makers suffered from extreme damages.

Conclusion

If we will go back to the tables and graphs, we can see that most of the pottery makers in

Duterte St., Suba, Danao City are extremely affected by the Typhoon "Odette", but some of them

are slightly affected. The effects of Typhoon "Odette" on the income and livelihood of the

pottery makers in Duterte St. Suba Danao City are as follows:

20
 Typhoon Odette brought destructions to homes, properties, income and livelihood. One

of the most affected by the typhoon are the pottery makers in Duterte St., Suba, Danao City

considering the fact that most of the potters are living near in the coastal area.

After we conducted our survey in Duterte St., Suba, Danao City, we witnessed that most

of the pottery makers didn't cope up from their loss after the strike of the typhoon "Odette" and

the reason behind that occurrence is that it vanished their tools, materials, and their

infrastructures where the making of pots took place.

Recommendation

Since everything has advantage, the researchers formulated some recommendations that

can be used to help the pottery makers, buyers and to everyone.

Most especially to the pottery makers, indeed typhoon "Odette" brought destruction to

their livelihood and affected their income and took all the paraphernalia in making pots. Its part

of their livelihood to strengthen their courage to resist the trials that they've encountered as

pottery makers. Starting again and move forward is one of the best solutions to rebuild the

infrastructure especially the "Kamalig" that been destroyed by the Typhoon "Odette”.

To the residence of Duterte St. Suba Danao City, always be prepared for the upcoming

natural disasters inorder to minimize its impact to your life, properties and livelihood.

To the buyers, since Typhoon Odette washing and deminish all the tools and materials

in making pots. the production of earthenware has been affected and buyers should understand

the current situation of the existing pottery makers due to the fact that some of them didn't cope

21
up from their loss after the strike of Typhoon "Odette".

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We, the researchers, would like to acknowledge the following individual/institution

behind this successful research proposal:

First of all our Almighty Father, for giving us the will and strength to accomplish this

research proposal.

22
 To our Research Adviser, Ms. Sheryl C. Cane for guiding and imparting us so much

knowledge althroughout our journey as a researcher.

To our school, for giving us the opportunity to showcase our skills and expertise as a

student and a researcher at the same time.

We would also like to acknowledge the full participation of the Pottery Makers, for

being our source of information.

As well as our parents, for giving us the financial and moral support needed.

23
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