2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

1 1
(a) The graph of y = is transformed by a reflection in the y-axis, followed by a
2x + 3
translation of 1 unit in the negative x-direction, followed by a stretch with scale
factor 2 parallel to the x-axis.
(i) Find the equation of the new graph in the form y = f ( x ) . [3]
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, sketch the new graph with any axial intercept(s) and
asymptote(s) indicated clearly. [2]
[2013/CJC/promos/11b]

(b) The graph of y = f ( x ) undergoes, in succession, the following transformations:

Step 1: a translation of 1 unit in the negative y-direction; followed by

Step 2: a stretch with scale factor 2 parallel to the y-axis.
3
The equation of the resulting curve is y = ln ( 2 x + 3) , x  − . Determine the
2
equation of the graph, y = f ( x ) . [2]

[modified 2013/ACJC/promos/1]

[Solution]
1
(a) y=
2x + 3
A reflection in the y-axis (x replaced with –x):
1
y=
−2 x + 3
A translation of 1 unit in the negative x-direction (x replaced with x + 1 ):
1 1
y= =
−2 ( x + 1) + 3 1 − 2 x
A stretch with scale factor 2 parallel to the x-axis (x replaced with 2x ):
1 1 y
y= =
 x  1− x
1 − 2 
2

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

y
(b) y = f ( x ) y replaced y = f ( x) −1 y replaced = f ( x) −1
by by 2
Thus, 2 ( f ( x ) − 1) = ln ( 2 x + 3)
1
 f ( x ) − 1 = ln ( 2 x + 3)
2
1
 f ( x ) = ln ( 2 x + 3) + 1
2

Alternative solution
y = ln ( 2 x + 3)
1
Undo step 2: A stretch with scale factor 2
parallel to the y-axis.
y 1
1
= ln ( 2 x + 3)  y = ln ( 2 x + 3)
2 2
Undo step 1: A translation of 1 unit in the positive y-direction.
1
y − 1 = ln ( 2 x + 3)
2
1
Thus, y = f ( x) = ln ( 2 x + 3) + 1
2

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

2 x 2 − 3x + 3
The curve C has equation y = .
1− x
(i) Find the equations of the asymptotes of C. [2]
(ii) Prove using an algebraic method, that y cannot lie between two certain values (to
be determined). [3]
(iii) Sketch the curve C clearly labelling all asymptotes, turning points and axial
intercepts. [3] [2013/JJC/promos/5]
(i) [Solution]
x 2 − 3x + 3 1
y= = −x + 2 +
1− x 1− x
Thus, the asymptotes are x = 1 and y = 2 − x .
(ii) Let y = k be the line such that there are no intersection points with the curve.
x 2 − 3x + 3
Then = k has no real solutions.
1− x
 x 2 − 3x + 3 = k (1 − x )
 x 2 + ( k − 3) x + ( 3 − k ) = 0 has no real solutions
 discriminant < 0
 ( k − 3) − 4 ( 3 − k )  0
2

 ( k − 3)( k − 3 + 4 )  0
 −1  k  3 −1 3
Thus, y cannot lie between −1 and 3.
(iii) y

1
2 x

−1

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

3 (a) Describe a sequence of transformations which transforms the graph of x 2 + y 2 = 1

to that of x2 + (2 y + 2)2 = 4 . [3]

(b) y

0
x
(0,−1)

The diagram above shows the graph of y = f ( − x ) . On separate diagrams, sketch the
graphs of
(i) y = f ( x ) , [2]
(ii) y = 2f ( x + 1
2 ), [2]
showing clearly the equation of asymptotes and the coordinates of the intersections
with the axes. [modified 2010/IJC/P1/2]

(a) [Solution]
x2
x 2 + (2 y + 2)2 = 4  2
+ ( y + 1) 2 = 1
2
2
x
   + ( y + 1) = 1
2

2
Step 1 : Scaling parallel to the x-axis by scale factor 2
Step 2: Translate by 1 unit in the negative direction of the y-axis.

(b)
(i)

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

(b)
(ii)

4 x
The curve C1 has equation y = 3 + .
x − 2x − 8
2

A B
(i) Express y in the form 3 + + and show by differentiation that C1 has no
x+c x+d
stationary points. [3]
(ii) Sketch C1, stating the axial intercepts and the equations of any asymptotes. [3]

( x − 5)
2
y2
(iii) The curve C2 has equation +
= 1 . Sketch C2 on the same diagram as
32 22
C1 and find the coordinates of any points of intersection between C1 and C2. [2]
[2013/MJC/P1/8 (part)]
(i) [Solution]
x x A B
Let 2 = = +
x − 2 x − 8 ( x − 4 )( x + 2 ) x − 4 x + 2
Then, A ( x + 2 ) + B ( x − 4 ) = x
−2 1
Sub x = −2 : B= =
−6 3
4 2
Sub x = 4 : A= =
6 3
2 1
Thus, y = 3 + + .
3( x − 4 ) 3( x + 2 )

dy 2 1 1 2 1 
=− − = −  +  > 0 for all real x  −2,4
3( x − 4 ) 3( x + 2 ) 3  ( x − 4 )2 3 ( x + 2 )2 
2 2
dx
dy
Since  0 for all real x  −2,4 , the curve C1 has no stationary points. (Shown)
dx

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

(ii) y

x
−2.11 3.78

(iii) ( x − 5)
2
y2
+ 2 =1
32 2
This is an ellipse with centre ( 5,0 ) .
y

3
(5,2)
C2
A
x
2 3.78 5 8
−2.11
B
(5,−2)

From GC, the curves intersect at (3.50,1.73) and (3.86, –1.85).

Note: To find point of intersection A, use Note: To find point of intersection B, use
x
and Y 2 = 2 1 − ( x −25) .
x
2
Y1 = 3 + and Y 3 = −Y 2 .
Y1 = 3 + x − 2x − 8
2
x − 2x − 8
2
3

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

5 (a) The diagram below shows the graph of y = f ( x) . The graph crosses the x-axis at
x = 0 , x = 2 and has a turning point at ( 3,3) . The asymptotes of the graph are
x = 1 and y = 2 . y

(3,3)

x
0 1 2

Sketch, on separate clearly labelled diagrams, the graphs of

1
(i) y= ’ [3]
f ( x)
(ii) y = f (−x) , [2]
(iii) y = f (3 + x ) , [2]
(iv) y = f (3 − x ) . [2]

(b) A graph with the equation y = f ( x ) undergoes, in succession, the following

transformations:
A: A translation of 1 unit in the direction of the x-axis.
1
B: A stretch parallel to the x-axis by a scale factor .
2
C: A reflection in the y-axis.
4
The equation of the resulting curve is y = .
4x + 4x +1
2

Determine the equation of the graph y = f ( x ) , giving your answer in the simplest
form. [4] [modified 2011/PJC/P1/10]

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

5(a) [Solution] y
1
(i) y=
f ( x)

0 1 2 x

(a) y = f (−x) y
(ii)
(−3,3)
2

x
−2 0

(a) y = f (3 + x )
y
(iii)

(0,3)

x
−3 0
−1

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

5(a) y = f (3 − x )
(iv) PLAN
Reflect the graph of y = f ( 3 + x ) about the y-axis. (Replace x with −x)
Alternative method
( )
Translate the graph of y = f ( − x ) = f − ( x − 3) in the positive direction of
the x-axis by 3 units. (Replace x with x -3)

( 0,3 )

x
0 1 2 3

5(b) 4
y=
4x + 4x + 1
2

Undo C: Reflection in the y-axis.

4 4
Replace x with −x to get y = =
4 (−x) + 4 (−x) + 1 4x − 4x + 1
2 2

Undo B: Stretch parallel to the x-axis by a scale factor of 2.

1 4 4
Replace x with x to get y = = 2
2  x
2
 x x − 2x + 1
4  − 4  +1
2 2
Undo A: Translation of 1 unit in the negative direction of the x-axis.
Replace x with x + 1 to get
4 4 4
y= = 2 = 2 = f ( x)
( x + 1) − 2 ( x + 1) + 1 x + 2 x + 1 − 2 x − 2 + 1 x
2

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

6 ( x − a)( x + b) d
The graph of the function y = f ( x) where f ( x) = , x  − , a, b, c, d  ℝ,
cx + d c
is shown below. The asymptotes are y = x + k and x = −2 , where k is a constant. The
curve cuts the x-axis at –3 and 2 and the y-axis at −3 .
x = –2 y
y=x+k

y=
f(x)

–3 x
0 2

–3

(i) If 0  a  b , find the values of a, b, c, d and k. [5]

1
(ii) Sketch on a separate diagram, the graph of y = . [3]
f ( x)
Your sketch should clearly show any axial intercepts and equations of asymptotes.
[2013/SRJC/P1/3]
(i) [Solution]
Curve cuts x-axis at ( x − a)( x + b) = 0
i.e., at x = a and x = −b
Thus, a = 2 and b = 3 .
d
Vertical asymptote: cx + d = 0  x = − = −2  d = 2c
c
Oblique asymptote: y= x+k
( x − 2)( x + 3) x 2 + x − 6 A
Thus, y = f ( x) = = = x+k + , where A is a constant
cx + 2c c ( x + 2) c ( x + 2)
 x 2 + x − 6 = c ( x + k )( x + 2 ) + A
Comparing coefficients, c =1 and 1( 2 + k ) = 1
 d =2  k = −1

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

(ii)
y

x
−2

7 x 2 + 9 x + 16
The curve C has equation y = , x  −2 .
x+2
(i) Find the equations of the asymptotes of C. [2]
(ii) Find, leaving your answers in exact form, the range of values of k for which the
x 2 + 9 x + 16
equation k = has real roots. Hence state the set of values that y cannot
x+2
take. [4]
(iii) Sketch C. Show, on your diagram, the equations of the asymptotes, the coordinates
of the stationary points, and the coordinates of the points of intersection of C with
the x- and y- axes. [3]
[modified 2009/IJC/P2/1]
(i) [Solution]
x 2 + 9 x + 16 2
By long division, = x+7+
x+2 x+2
Asymptotes: y = x + 7 and x = −2

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

7(ii) x 2 + 9 x + 16
k= has real roots
x+2
 x 2 + ( 9 − k ) x + (16 − 2k ) = 0 has real roots
Discriminant ( 9 − k ) − 4 (16 − 2k )  0
2
 
  k 2 − 18k + 81 − 64 + 8k  0
  k 2 − 10k + 17  0
Consider k 2 − 10k + 17 = 0
10  100 − 4(17) 10  2 8
 k= = = 5 2 2
2 2
Thus, k  5 + 2 2 or k  5 − 2 2

Hence set of values that y cannot take is y  :5− 2 2  y  5+ 2 2 
(iii) y

−7 x

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

8 (a) The diagram shows the graph of y = f ( x) . The curve has turning points at
A(−2, p) and B(0, q) .

Sketch, on separate clearly labelled diagrams, the graphs of:

1
(i) y = , [3]
f ( x) + 2
(ii) y = f ( − x ) . [3]
[modified DHS/I/4]
12 x + 12 x
2
B
(b) Find the values of the constants A and B such that = A+ for
(2 x + 1) 2
(2 x + 1) 2
1
all values of x except x = − . Hence state precisely a sequence of
2
12 x 2 + 12 x
transformations by which the graph of y = may be obtained from the
(2 x + 1) 2
3
graph of y = 2 . [4]
x
[AJC/II/4]
8(a) [Solution] y
(i)

Note: y
Only need to sketch
final curve. The
first curve is for
your reference only.

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

8(a) y
(ii)

Note:
Only need to
sketch final curve. x
The first curve is
for your reference y
only.

(b)
12 x 2 + 12 x B A(4 x 2 + 4 x + 1) + B
= A+ =
(2 x + 1)2 (2 x + 1) 2 (2 x + 1) 2

Comparing coefficients of numerator, A = 3 and B = −3

1st: Translation of 1 unit in the negative direction of the x-axis.
1
2nd: Stretching parallel to the x-axis by scale factor .
2
3rd: Reflection about the x-axis.
4th: Translation of 3 units in the positive direction of the y-axis.

9 x 2 − 3ax + 6a 2
Consider the curve y = , x  a , where a is a positive constant.
x−a
(i) Find the equations of the asymptotes.
[3]
(ii) Find the coordinates of the stationary points.
[4]
(iii) Draw, on separate diagrams, a sketch of the curve
x 2 − 3ax + 6a 2
(a) y = ,
x−a
x 2 − 3ax + 6a 2
(b) y= ,
x−a
making clear the main features of each curve.
[5]
[IJC/2007/I/11]

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

9(i) x2 − 3ax + 6a 2 ( x − 2a)( x − a) + 4a 2 4a 2

y= = = x − 2a + .
x−a x−a x−a
Eqns of asymptotes: x = a , y = x − 2a

(ii) dy 4a 2
= 1−
dx ( x − a) 2
dy
Let = 0.
dx
4a 2
=1
( x − a)2
x − a = 2a
x = −a or 3a
(−a)2 − 3a(−a) + 6a 2
When x = -a, y = = −5a
( −a) − a
(3a) 2 − 3a(3a) + 6a 2
When x = 3a, y = = 3a . The coordinates are
(3a) − a
(−a, −5a) and (3a,3a) .

(iii) x=a
(a)
y = x − 2a

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

9(iii)
(b) y = x − 2a

y = − x + 2a

x=a

( x − 4)
2

10 (a) Sketch the graph of y= , showing clearly the asymptotes, the intersections
x2 − 4
with the axes and the coordinates of the turning points (if any). [4]
Hence, or otherwise, state the range of values of m for which the equation
( x − 4)
2

− m = 0 has no real roots. [1]

x2 − 4

y
(b)

(2, 3)

x
−1 0

x = −1

The diagram above shows the graph of y = f (x) .

On separate diagrams, sketch the graphs of
(i) y = f ( 3x − 1) [3]
1
(ii) y = [3]
f ( x)
[3]
showing clearly in each case the axial intercepts, the asymptotes and the
coordinates of the turning points.
[modified 2008/CJC/I/6]

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

[Solution]
y
10(a)
( x − 4)
2

−m =0
x2 − 4
( x − 4)
2

 =m
x2 − 4
The roots of this
equation are given by
x
the x-coordinates of the
points where the line y y=m
= m of intersects the
( x − 4)
2

curve y= .
x2 − 4
From the sketch, the equation has
no real roots when −3 < m < 0

(b) y = f ( 3x − 1)
(i)
PLAN
(1) Translation by 1 unit in
the positive x-direction:
f ( x − 1)
(2) Scaling by factor 1/3
parallel to x-axis:
x 
f  1 − 1
3 

1
y= y
(b) f ( x)
(ii)

x
0
−1

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

11 2 x 2 + kx − 1
The curve C has equation y = , where k is a constant.
x +1
(i) Show that C has no stationary point if k > 1. [2]
(ii) Given that y = 2x + 1 is an asymptote of C, show that k = 3. [2]
1
(iii) State a sequence of transformations which transform the graph of y = x −
x
2 x + 3x − 1
2
to the graph of y = . [3]
x +1
2 x 2 + 3x − 1
(iv) Sketch on separate diagrams, the graphs of y = and
x +1
2 x2 + 3 x − 1
y= , showing clearly the coordinates of the points where the graphs
x +1
cross the axes and the equations of any asymptotes. [4]
By sketching an appropriate curve on one of the diagrams, deduce the number of
positive roots of the equation 2 x + 3x − x = ( x + 1)( x + 2 ) .
3 2
[2]
[modified 2009/JJC/II/4]

(i) [Solution]
2 x 2 + kx − 1
y=
x +1

dy ( x + 1)(4 x + k ) − (2 x 2 + kx − 1)(1) 2 x 2 + 4 x + k + 1
= =
dx ( x + 1) 2 ( x + 1) 2

dy
Let = 0  2x2 + 4x + k + 1 = 0
dx

Now, discriminant 42 − 4(2)(k + 1) = 8(1 − k )  0 if k  1

 C has no stationary point if k  1 (shown)

(ii) Since y = 2x + 1 is an asymptote,

2 x 2 + kx − 1 p
y= = 2x +1+ , where p is a constant.
x +1 x +1
Thus, 2 x 2 + kx − 1 = ( 2 x + 1)( x + 1) + p
Comparing coefficient of x: k = 3 (Shown)

Alternative solution
2 x 2 + kx − 1 −k + 1
y= = 2 x + (k − 2) + (using long division)
x +1 x +1
Given y = 2x + 1 is an asymptote,
k − 2 = 1  k = 3 (Shown)

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

11 2 x 2 + 3x − 1 2
y= = 2x + 1 −
(iii) x +1 x +1

 1  x replaced by x +1
y
1 y replaced by 2 2
y = x − ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ → y = 2  x −  ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ → y = 2( x + 1) −
x  x ( x + 1)
2 2
= 2x − = 2x + 2 −
x x +1
y replaced by y +1  2 
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ → y =  2x + 2 −  −1
 x +1
2
= 2x + 1 −
x +1
1st : A stretch parallel to the y-axis by a scale factor 2.
2nd: A translation of 1 unit in the negative direction of x-axis.
3rd: A translation of 1 unit in the negative direction of y-axis.

(iv)
y

Note:
Graph has a sharp
“kink” at the point
(0, −1).
x

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

11 2 x3 + 3x 2 − x = ( x + 1)( x + 2 )

 2 x3 + 3x 2 − x = ( x + 1)( x + 2 )
2 x 2 + 3x − 1 x + 2
 =
x +1 x
y

1 intersection point in the positive x-axis region  1 positive root

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

12 Find the equations of the asymptotes of the hyperbola 4 x 2 − 24 x − 9 y 2 + 36 y = 36 .

Hence sketch the hyperbola, stating clearly the asymptotes. [3]
Hence find the range of values of k, such that the equation
4 x 2 − 24 x − 9 ( kx + 4 ) + 36 ( kx + 4 ) − 36 = 0 has no real solutions.
2
[3]
[2011/SRJC/1/6]
[Solution]
4 x 2 − 24 x − 9 y 2 + 36 y = 36

( ) (
 4 x 2 − 6 x − 9 y 2 − 4 y = 36 )
 4 ( x − 3) − 9 − 9 ( y − 2 ) − 4 = 36
2 2
   
 4 ( x − 3) − 9 ( y − 2 ) = 36
2 2


( x − 3) ( y − 2 )
2
−
2
=1
32 22
2 2
The equations of the asymptotes are y = x and y = − x + 4
3 3
y

2
x

0 3 6

PLAN: The roots of the equation 4 x − 24 x − 9 ( kx + 4 ) + 36 ( kx + 4 ) − 36 = 0 are

2 2

the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of the curves

4 x 2 − 24 x − 9 y 2 + 36 y = 36 and y = kx + 4
For the equation to have no real solutions, the gradient k of the line
y = kx + 4 must be such that the line does not cut the hyperbola.
Note:
The line y = kx + 4 is pivoted at the point (0,4).

Sketch graph of y = kx + 4.
2
From graph, for the equation to have no real solutions, k £ - .
3

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

4a + 5
13 The curve C has equation y = −ax − ( 2a + 4 ) + , where a is a constant.
2− x
5
(i) Given that curve C has turning points, show that a  − or a  0 . [3]
4
(ii) Sketch curve C for the case when a = 1 , indicating clearly the coordinates of the
turning points and the equations of any asymptotes. [4]
9
(iii) On a separate diagram, sketch the curve with equation y = − x − 6 + ,
2− x
indicating clearly the coordinates of the turning points and the equations of any
asymptotes. [2]
[modified 2010/IJC/P2/4]
[Solution]
4a + 5
(i) y = −ax − ( 2a + 4 ) +
2− x
dy (4a + 5)(−1)
 = −a −
dx ( 2 − x )2
dy
For turning points, =0
dx
4a + 5
 −a + =0
( 2 − x )2
a ( 2 − x ) = 4a + 5
2


 ax 2 − 4ax − 5 = 0
Since there are turning points for this curve, there are two distinct real roots.
Thus discriminant ( −4a )2 − 4(a)(−5)  0
 4a 2 + 5a  0
 a ( 4a + 5 )  0 0
5
Thus, a  − or a  0 . (Shown)
4

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

13 9
When a = 1 , y = − x − 6 +
2− x
(ii)
y

−1 5 x
−6 −2

−6

−14

(iii) 9
y = −x − 6 +
2− x
y

PLAN
• Keep the positive y-
portions of the graph in (ii),
and
6 • reflect the negative y-
portions of the graph in (ii)
about the x-axis.
x
−6

Note:
Graph has sharp “kinks” at the points of
intersection with the x-axis due to the
reflection of the negative y-portion.

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2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

14 State a sequence of transformations that will transform the curve with equation
4 2
( 2 x + 1) + y = 1 onto the curve with equation ( 2 x − 1) + y 2 = 1 .
2 2
[2]
9
[2018/NYJC/JC2/MYE/P1/2]

[Solution]
Sequence of transformations (in either order):
1) Translate in the direction of x-axis by 1 unit.
2
2) Scaling parallel to the y-axis by factor .
3

24
2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

15 x2 − 4 x + k 2
The curve C has equation y = , x  k , and k is a constant such that
x−k
k  0 and k  2 .
(i) Find the equations of the asymptotes of C. [2]
(ii) Show that if C has 2 stationary points, then k  0 or k  2 . [3]
(iii) Given that y = x is an asymptote of C, find the value of k. With this value of k,
sketch C, showing clearly the asymptotes and the stationary points. [3]
(iv) By adding a suitable graph which passes through the point ( 4, 4 ) on the sketch
of C, find the range of values of p for which the equation

(x 2
− 4 x + k 2 ) − ( x − k )( px + 4 − 4 p ) = 0

has exactly 2 real roots for the value of k found in (iii). [2]
[2011/PJC/P1/11]
(i) [Solution]
x2 − 4x + k 2 2k 2 − 4k
y= = x+k −4+ (by long division)
x−k x−k
Vertical asymptote : x = k
Oblique asymptote : y = x + k − 4
(ii) dy
= 1−
( 2k 2 − 4k )
(x −k)
2
dx

At stationary points,
dy
= 1−
( 2k 2 − 4k )
=0
(x −k)
2
dx
( 2k 2
− 4k )
=1
(x −k)
2

2k 2 − 4k = x 2 − 2kx + k 2
x 2 − 2kx + 4k − k 2 = 0
For C to have 2 stationary points (i.e., 2 real and distinct roots),
Discriminant ( −2k ) − 4 ( 4k − k 2 )  0
2

 8k − 16k  0
2

 8k ( k − 2 )  0  k  0 or k  2 (Shown)

Alternative solution
( 2k 2
− 4k )
=1
(x −k)
2

(x −k) = 2 k 2 − 4k
2
0 2

(x −k) =  2k 2 − 4k
For C to have 2 stationary points, 2k 2 − 4k  0  2k ( k − 2 )  0

 k  0 or k  2 (shown)

25
2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

15 y = x is an asymptote x 2 − 4 x + 16
y y=
 k −4=0 k = 4 x−4
(iii)

( 8,12 )

x
( 0, −4 )
y=x

y = px + 4 − 4 p x=4
(iv) (x 2
− 4 x + k 2 ) − ( x − k )( px + 4 − 4 p ) = 0
x 2 − 4 x + k 2 = ( x − k )( px + 4 − 4 p )
x2 − 4x + k 2
= px + 4 − 4 p
x−k
Add the graph of y = px + 4 − 4 p which passes through the point ( 4, 4 ) .
x2 − 4 x + k 2
For y = px + 4 − 4 p and y = to intersect twice, p  1 .
x−k
x 2 − 4 x + 16
y y =
x−4

Note:
p is the gradient of the
added red line which is
“pivoted” at the point
(4,4), the point of
( 8,12 )
intersection of the 2
asymptotes.

x
( 0, −4 )
y=x

x=4

26
2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

16

The diagram shows the curve with equation y = f ( x ) . The curve has a maximum
point at ( −3, 6 ) and intersects the x-axis at ( −1, 0 ) and (1, 0 ) . The equations of the
asymptotes of the curve are x = 0 and y = 3.

1
(i) Sketch the curve y = , giving the coordinates of any stationary points,
f ( x)
points of intersection with the axes and equations of any asymptotes. [3]
1
(ii) Solve the inequality f    0. [3]
 x
(iii) The curve with equation y = f ( x ) undergoes a series of transformations to
become the curve with equation y = af ( x + b ) , where a and b are real
constants. State the value of a and the range of values of b such that the
following properties are satisfied by the new graph:
(I) the two asymptotes intersect in the region where x  −4;
(II) the range of f is  y  : y  −9 . [2]
[2018/HCI/C2/BT2/Q6]
[Solution]
(i)

27
2022 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC1 MSM: GRAPHS AND CURVE SKETCHING

16 Consider f ( u )  0.
(ii) From the graph, u  −1 or u  1.
1 1
 −1 or  1.
x x

( 0, 0 )

Therefore, 0  x  1 or −1  x  0.

(iii) (I) Two asymptotes intersect in the region x  −4

This means that the vertical asymptote must be translated more than four units in the
negative x– direction → b  4
(II) the range of f is  y  : y  −9
This means that the minimum point of the translated graph should be at y = −9 .
Maximum point of f ( x ) = 6 → a ( 6 ) = −9
3
a = −
2

28